CN105074121B - 具有用于提取碳氢化合物的底部安装的螺杆电机的人工升降系统 - Google Patents

具有用于提取碳氢化合物的底部安装的螺杆电机的人工升降系统 Download PDF

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CN105074121B
CN105074121B CN201380073893.6A CN201380073893A CN105074121B CN 105074121 B CN105074121 B CN 105074121B CN 201380073893 A CN201380073893 A CN 201380073893A CN 105074121 B CN105074121 B CN 105074121B
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screw motor
pump
lift system
screw
artificial lift
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德 格瓦拉 亚历杭德罗·拉德龙
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SERINPET Ltda REPRESENTACIONES Y SERVICIOS DE PETROLEOS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F01C1/101—Moineau-type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/129—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by fluid supplied from outside the borehole
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/08—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F01C1/10—Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co- operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations
    • F04C11/001—Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type; Pumping installations of similar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
    • F04C13/008—Pumps for submersible use, i.e. down-hole pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/06—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • F04C2/1071—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种人工升降系统，该人工升降系统包括用于抽取碳氢化合物的螺杆电机。在根据本发明的系统中，地面存储的流体通过泵被朝向位于地下的螺杆电机注射。通过流体的流通而产生的旋转被传递至螺杆泵以使得碳氢化合物被朝向地面驱动。

Description

具有用于提取碳氢化合物的底部安装的螺杆电机的人工升降 系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人工升降系统，该系统具有安装在油井的地下的螺杆电机，并且该螺杆电机能产生使螺杆泵移动并抽取碳氢化合物所需的速度和扭矩。
本发明直接涉及碳氢化合物领域，尤其是抽油应用技术。本发明具体适用于油井、机械泵、电动潜水系统以及螺杆泵，螺杆泵通过抽油杆柱(rod string)与地面减速器机械连接，从而构成抽取地下碳氢化合物的人工升降系统。
背景技术
在碳氢化合物领域，地面上的电动或液压头和底部电机的作用是已知的。该设备产生安装在油井的地下中的螺杆泵抽取碳氢化合物所需的速度和扭矩。
在螺杆泵的情况下，电动或液压发动机在地面上使用，并附接至减速器，减速器包括油井头(oil well head)装置。减速器使抽油杆柱转动继而使螺杆泵转动。本系统需要使抽油杆柱充当地面井头和位于地下的螺杆泵之间的动力传输元件。由于该系统需要使用杆柱，杆柱与流体、管道之间的摩擦产生了额外能耗。由于工作中一直受到拉力、扭力和摩擦力的影响，杆柱是疲劳的。这种磨损会使杆柱断裂或断开，从而中断抽油。对于电动潜水螺杆泵，它们使用很长并且直径很小的电机，该电机运行于高电压(4.160V)及高每分钟转速(3.600RPM)的工况下。该系统需要特种电缆以将电力从地面的变压器传送至电机所在的地下。因此，整个电缆上存在热形式的电力损耗。由于底部电机的高速度，人工升降系统仅适用于高流量或高产量油井。
考虑到抽油杆柱和电力缆线(例如地面井头与泵或电机之间的电力传输元件)的使用中固有的费用高、复杂程度高和可靠性低的特点，本发明提出了一种在地下设有螺杆电机用以抽油的人工升降系统。通过地面输送的注射流体(水或油)来驱动这种电机。由于螺杆电机位于地下，螺杆电机和螺杆泵之间通过长度小于6米的柔性轴连接。因此，这意味着系统提高了抽取碳氢化合物的可靠性。另外，由于连通器的作用，一旦流体穿过螺杆电机，流体就返回地面，从而实现了抽取碳氢化合物所需的能耗的降低。
发明内容
技术问题
在碳氢化合物领域，地面上的电动或液压头和底部电机的作用是已知的。该设备产生安装在油井的地下中的螺杆泵抽取碳氢化合物所需的速度和扭矩。
在螺杆泵的情况下，电动或液压发动机在地面上使用，并附接至减速器，减速器包括油井头(oil well head)装置。减速器使抽油杆柱转动继而使螺杆泵转动。本系统需要使抽油杆柱充当地面井头和位于地下的螺杆泵之间的动力传输元件。由于该系统需要使用杆柱，杆柱与流体、管道之间的摩擦产生了额外能耗。由于工作中一直受到拉力、扭力和摩擦力的影响，杆柱是疲劳的。这种磨损会使杆柱断裂或断开，从而中断抽油。对于电动潜水螺杆泵，它们使用很长并且直径很小的电机，该电机运行于高电压(4.160V)及高每分钟转速(3.600RPM)的工况下。该系统需要特种电缆以将电力从地面的变压器传送至电机所在的地下。因此，整个电缆上存在热形式的电力损耗。由于底部电机的高速度，人工升降系统仅适用于高流量或高产量油井。
考虑到抽油杆柱和电力缆线(例如地面井头与泵或电机之间的电力传输元件)的使用中固有的费用高、复杂程度高和可靠性低的特点，本发明提出了一种在地下设有螺杆电机用以抽油的人工升降系统。
解决方案
考虑到抽油杆柱和电力缆线(例如地面井头与泵或电机之间的电力传输元件)的使用中固有的费用高、复杂程度高和可靠性低的特点，本发明提出了一种在地下设有螺杆电机用以抽油的人工升降系统。通过地面输送的注射流体(水或油)来驱动这种电机。由于螺杆电机位于地下，螺杆电机和螺杆泵之间通过长度小于6米的柔性轴连接。因此，这意味着系统提高了抽取碳氢化合物的可靠性。另外，由于连通器的作用，一旦流体穿过螺杆电机，流体就返回地面，从而实现了抽取碳氢化合物所需的能耗的降低。
发明的有益效果
由于螺杆电机位于地下，螺杆电机和螺杆泵之间通过长度小于6米的柔性轴连接。因此，这意味着系统提高了抽取碳氢化合物的可靠性。另外，由于连通器的作用，一旦流体穿过螺杆电机，流体就返回地面，从而实现了抽取碳氢化合物所需的能耗的降低。
附图说明
图1.具有在地下用于抽油的螺杆电机的人工升降系统的示意图。
图2.螺杆电机布置和螺杆泵的细节示意图，其中，二者具有相同的螺旋方向，但螺杆电机与螺杆泵安装方向相反。
图3.螺杆电机布置和螺杆泵的细节示意图，其中，螺杆电机的螺旋方向与螺杆泵的螺旋方向相反；此外，螺杆电机与螺杆泵的安装方向相同。
图4.轴向支架(4)的前视图、俯视图和等距视图，其中，可见圆形布置的孔(4.1)，这些孔允许来自地面的流体通过，从而致动螺杆电机。
参考列表
1.储罐
2.流体注入泵
3.管柱
4.轴向支架(axial rowlock，轴向桨架)
4.1圆形孔布置
5.锥形轴承组件
6.主轴
7.耦接轴
8.管道
9.第一个柔性轴
10.螺杆电机
10.1螺杆电机的定子
10.2螺杆电机的转子
11.开孔管道
12.第二个柔性轴
13.包装释放
14.螺杆泵
14.1螺杆泵的定子
14.2螺杆泵的转子
15井套管
本发明的主要实现方式
本发明提出了一种在地下设有螺杆电机用以抽油的人工升降系统。通过地面输送的注射流体(水或油)来驱动这种电机。由于螺杆电机位于地下，螺杆电机和螺杆泵之间通过长度小于6米的柔性轴连接。因此，这意味着系统提高了抽取碳氢化合物的可靠性。另外，由于连通器的作用，一旦流体穿过螺杆电机，流体就返回地面，从而实现了抽取碳氢化合物所需的能耗的降低。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种人工升降系统，该系统包括位于地下的用于抽取碳氢化合物的螺杆电机(10)，由于流体流经定子(10.1)和转子(10.2)，所以螺杆电机产生转动。该系统包括流体储罐(1)、注入流体用的泵(2)、使轴向支架(4)与地面连接的管柱(3)、管道(8)、用于螺杆电机的定子(10.1)、开孔管道(11)、用于螺杆泵的定子(14.1)、在螺杆泵(14)定子和井套管(15)之间支撑的环形密封件(13)、在轴向支架(4)中支撑的一套锥形滚子轴承(5)、在锥形轴承组件(5)中支撑的主轴(6)、四个轴用耦接件(7)、两个柔性轴(9和12)、螺杆电机的转子(10.2)和螺杆泵的转子(14.2)。
具有地下的螺杆电机(10)的用以抽取碳氢化合物的人工升降系统，由连接至流体抽吸泵(2)的储罐(1)构成，该流体抽吸泵用于注入流体。注入泵排放口与管柱(3)的上端连接，并且在管柱的下端与轴向支架(4)连接。轴向支架在锥形轴承的底座周围具有圆形形式的一排孔(4.1)。在轴向轴承中安装了支撑主轴(6)的载荷的锥形轴承组件(5)。该主轴通过耦接轴(7)与第一个柔性轴(9)连接。同时，柔性轴的另一端通过耦接轴(7)连接至电机的转子(10.2)。电机的转子位于螺杆电机的定子(10.1)内，螺杆电机的定子通过管道(8)附接至轴向支架(4)。此外，螺杆电机的转子(10.2)的下端通过耦接轴(7)与第二个柔性轴(12)连接。同样地，第二个柔性轴(12)的下端通过耦接轴(7)连接至螺杆泵的转子(14.2)。螺杆泵的转子(14.2)安装在螺杆泵的定子(14.1)内，螺杆泵的定子支撑环形垫圈(13)。最后，螺杆电机的定子(10.1)的下端通过开孔管道(11)连接至螺杆泵的定子(14.1)的上端。
螺杆电机(10)包括与螺杆泵(14)转向相反的螺杆泵。当螺杆电机接收到流体以产生转动时，螺杆泵收到来自螺杆电机的旋转运动从而泵吸流体。螺杆电机可以是与螺杆泵反向安装的螺杆泵，如图2所示。螺杆电机也可以是与螺杆泵流向相反的螺杆泵，如图3所示。
该系统包括用于注入流体的泵(2)，该泵抽取容纳在储罐(1)中的并通过管柱(3)向轴向支架(4)排放的流体。因此，流体被导向通过轴承的圆形孔的布置(4.1)。随后，流体流出轴向支架(4)并穿过管道(8)与第一柔性轴(9)之间的环形空间流向螺杆电机(10)的定子(10.1)和转子组件上部口(10.2)。一旦流体流经螺杆电机的转子和定子之间，转子开始转动。由旋转运动产生的轴向载荷被传递至柔性轴(9)并从该柔性轴传递至主轴(6)，该主轴的上端包括轴肩(6.1)。因此，主轴转动并由锥形滚子轴承(5)支撑。最后，流体从螺杆电机(10)的转子组件(10.2)和定子(10.1)流出至定子的下部口，流向开孔管道(11)的出口孔，通过连通器返回至地面。
该系统中由流体的流通产生的旋转运动通过第二个柔性轴(12)经由螺杆电机(10)的转子(10.2)传递至螺杆泵(14)的转子(14.2)。当螺杆泵(14)的转子(14.2)在定子(14.1)中旋转时，油从螺杆泵(14)的定子(14.1)的下部开口流至上表面，并且因此油流入开孔管道(11)的开口孔。当油通过开孔管道流出时，油由于螺杆泵(14)的排放压力而流向地面。
工业适用性
在碳氢化合物领域，地面上的电动或液压头和底部电机的作用是已知的。由于底部电机的高速度，人工升降系统仅适用于高流量或高产量油井。本发明提出了一种在地下设有螺杆电机用以抽油的人工升降系统。通过地面输送的注射流体(水或油)来驱动这种电机。由于螺杆电机位于地下，螺杆电机和螺杆泵之间通过长度小于6米的柔性轴连接。因此，这意味着系统提高了抽取碳氢化合物的可靠性。另外，由于连通器的作用，一旦流体穿过螺杆电机，流体就返回地面，从而实现了抽取碳氢化合物所需的能耗的降低。

Claims (8)

1.人工升降系统，所述人工升降系统包括螺杆电机，所述螺杆电机安装在地下以用于抽取碳氢化合物，所述人工升降系统包括轴向支架，所述轴向支架在锥形轴承的底座周围具有一排圆形孔，所述圆形孔布置允许来自地面的流体流入螺杆电机的上部口中，所述上部口位于所述螺杆电机的顶部以使流体沿竖直方向从地面流入所述螺杆电机中，所述人工升降系统包括管柱和井套管，所述管柱使所述轴向支架与地面连接，并且所述井套管包围所述管柱、所述轴向支架、所述螺杆电机以及螺杆泵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述人工升降系统包括轴向轴承，所述轴向轴承支撑由所述螺杆电机的转子和所述螺杆泵的转子施加的轴向载荷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述人工升降系统包括开孔管道，所述开孔管道允许所述螺杆电机的排放口中的流体与所述螺杆泵的渐进式排放口中的流体从所述螺杆电机的定子和所述井套管之间的环形空间流出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述人工升降系统包括地面上的泵，所述地面上的泵将流体泵送并注入到管柱中，并将所述流体递送至所述螺杆电机的转子和定子之间的空间，以使所述螺杆电机的转子产生旋转运动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述人工升降系统包括环形垫圈，所述环形垫圈安装在所述螺杆泵的定子与所述井套管之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述螺杆电机对应于具有与所述螺杆泵相反的转动的螺杆泵。
7.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述螺杆电机是与所述螺杆泵反向安装的螺杆泵。
8.根据权利要求1所述的人工升降系统，所述螺杆电机是具有与所述螺杆泵相反的流动的螺杆泵。
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