CN105074084A - 制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法 - Google Patents

制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法 Download PDF

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CN105074084A
CN105074084A CN201480009400.7A CN201480009400A CN105074084A CN 105074084 A CN105074084 A CN 105074084A CN 201480009400 A CN201480009400 A CN 201480009400A CN 105074084 A CN105074084 A CN 105074084A
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reinforced plastics
section bar
cable
clad
plastics section
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尤哈·洪卡宁
基姆·舍达尔
韦萨·科尔皮密斯
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Exel Composites Oyj
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    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
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    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
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    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)

Abstract

一种制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法。该方法中，一个或多个平行增强塑料型材(11)通过拉挤、连续层压或其它连续方法制造。表面处理后，再引导增强塑料型材(11)彼此进行短距离包覆处理，这是通过挤压或层压或拉挤来实现的。在包覆处理中，增强塑料型材被包围在包覆材料(12)中以改善其耐磨性，所述包覆材料(12)使得增强塑料型材(11)连接在一起并形成成品带或绳缆(10)的包覆层。最后，将所述成品带或绳缆(10)缠绕在卷轴上。

Description

制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过拉挤或连续层压工艺来连续制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法。
背景技术
根据本发明的方法制造的产品可有多种应用，例如，已使用的钢绞线。应用还包括，例如，电梯等提升设备的绳缆、或者输送升降机的绳缆，承重绳缆和动力传输方式，诸如各种机器和设备的皮带。公开专利FI-122261公开了能够采用本发明方法制造的电梯绳缆的例子。
发明内容
根据本发明所述方法制造的带或绳缆具有重量轻、不打滑、高抗拉强度、高抗疲劳强度、非蠕变和正确可控的优点。本发明的目的是提供一种适用于在线和离线生产的方法，通过该方法能够经济地制造弹性复合带或绳缆并且具有高品质。
所附权利要求1给出了在线和离线的生产方法并且权利要求2给出了在线生产方法。这两种方法的主要区别在于，在离线的生产(权利要求3)中，拉挤阶段之后产品缠绕在卷轴上，在包覆处理之前，中间阶段的产品，即，增强塑料型材被暂时存放在卷轴上。
附图说明
接下来将结合附图对本发明的方法进行描述，其中：
图1连续在线方法的步骤，和
图2以图表的方式示出了离线方法的步骤。
图3示出了根据图1或图2的方法步骤制造的复合带或绳缆的横截面。
图4为横向弹性产品的可选横截面。
图5为中间薄化以提高弹性的产品可选横截面。
图6和图7示出了本发明的实施例，其中包覆的型材形成线或绳缆的多股。增强塑料型材被保护免受磨损并且包覆层的形状能够优选被设计用于此目的。
图8以图表的方式示出了包覆处理单元。
图9以图表的方式示出包括在包覆处理单元中的控制器。
具体实施方式
在图1的实施例中，先由拉挤成型或连续层压(步骤1)同时制造几个平行的增强塑料型材11。在预处理步骤2中，所述增强塑料型材的表面在实际表面处理3之前进行预处理。可选的和/或平行或连续的表面处理的方法包括等离子体处理、电晕处理、火焰法、真空清洁、湿洗涤、涂刷、研磨、喷砂、颗粒喷砂、采用强酸或碱的化学处理和粘附处理。该表面也能够底涂有不同粘合促进化学品。表面处理的目的是提高拉挤产品，即，增强塑料型材，与包覆层材料之间的粘附性。用等离子体处理，增强塑料表面能够被化学清洗、活化和化学处理。等离子体清洗能够以公知的和有效的方式来使用，例如，用于去除油脂。等离子体处理的作用也能够是去除污垢、灰尘或其他污染物。通过等离子体活化，可降低增强塑料的表面能，从而有利于粘附。通过等离子体处理，能够破碎所述增强塑料的表面分子进而能够化学地或机械地提高粘附性。电晕处理同样能够通过降低基材的表面能提高其粘附性。火焰法能够包括气体火焰或等离子火焰。火焰法可用于降低基材的表面能，并且还能够起到除去油脂或其他污染物和污垢的作用。当分几个步骤进行时，预处理能够包括不同步骤，在这种情况下，第一步能够是较轻的处理，如真空清洁，洗涤或刷洗，这消除粗大的杂质。第一步也能够是研磨、喷砂或颗粒喷砂，其提供更大的粘附性区域或机械性更好的粘附表面。上述方法还能够起到清洁表面的作用。如果表面上有适量的可溶性杂质，优选对表面进行化学处理。化学处理的优点是，不需要硬机械压力。此外，这些预处理步骤之后，或无需所述步骤，提高粘附性的化学层(原物)能够分散在表面，其起到中间层的作用，例如胶水，或激活增强塑料的表面，优选通过提高粘性的方式。
增强塑料型材是通过连续纤维增强的聚合物复合型材。复合物中纤维的量约为40～80％。碳和/或玻璃纤维是通常使用的纤维。聚合物能够是，例如，聚氨基甲酸乙酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基酯或聚酯。在增强塑料型材中，热固性塑料或热塑性塑料能够用作基质。增强塑料型材的形状能够是扁条、棒材、管材、板材等。
在包覆步骤4中，引导增强塑料型材11彼此短距离进行包覆处理，这是通过挤压或层压或拉挤来实现的。图8给出了用于实现包覆步骤4的包覆处理单元。收集器4a中收集增强塑料型材11，并且控制单元4b引导它们，彼此准确地定位，到达包覆单元4c。包覆材料能够使用，例如，不同的弹性体材料或橡胶，诸如聚氨酯、TPU或SBS。包覆材料还可采用各种热塑性物质。包覆的目的是提高耐磨损性和摩擦系数，并保护增强塑料部分的结构。
在包覆步骤中，产品被给定其最终形状并且，如果需要，该包覆将复合部分保持在一起，因此包覆材料是根据应用而选择。该包覆也使得产品具有横向弹性，因为由若干彼此间具有弹性包覆层的独立型材组成了复合增强件。如图4所示，这可便于产品保持在，例如，一个楔形槽形状。该增强塑料型材也能够以一种所需的方式定位在包覆步骤中增加的壳体中。例如，在挤压阶段，留足增强塑料型材之间的空间可能是有利的，以使得最终产品能够横向弯曲并进一步被弹性地拉直。包覆层也可在标有标号13处更薄，这有利于弯曲。
在包覆过程中，起到磨损指示器作用的层能够加入到产品中。附加层能够是第二包覆层或增强件，例如一种增强垫或织物。
当选择包覆材料时，应考虑到，包覆材料12与增强塑料型材11连在一起，由此形成具有包覆层的成品带或绳缆10。在包覆/层压阶段4中采用导向件13(图9)，其引导复合型材至彼此所需距离(例如1毫米)。导向件13可用作滑动面和/或导向板开口的轧辊，它们是可移动的。通过改变导向板或轧辊，所述增强塑料型材可被引导到相对彼此所需的位置。该复合型材的数目和成品带或绳缆的形状能够改变，例如，在公开号为FI-122261中的实施例中。图3给出了只有一个示例情况。优选地，成品10的宽度比其厚度大，一般至少大三倍。
最后，在步骤5中成品带或绳缆10卷绕在卷轴上。最终的扁条型型材能够进一步通过采用独立的包覆型材例如形成线或绳缆的钢绞线进行进一步处理。
除了拉挤阶段1和表面处理3之间进行的卷绕阶段5'，图2所示的线下生产与上面所描述的在线生产相同。这使得能够在表面处理和包覆之前制造并存放增强塑料型材11。在这种情况下，在步骤1中还能够一次制成一个增强塑料型材11，由此几个平行的增强塑料型材能够同时从几个卷轴供给到表面处理和包覆步骤3和4。
在图1和2的实施例中，拉挤阶段1能够通过连续层压来代替用于制造复合型材11。
本发明能够如下被应用。
在包覆处理4中，加入加强件以改善包覆材料的性能。在包覆处理4中加入电缆、光纤或导电材料层，增加了测量、监控和分析复合带的状况、磨损和老化的可行性。包覆处理4之后，该组合能够进行表面处理。
数条复合带能够聚集在一起形成实心的多股线。与包覆处理相关联，图案能够形成在表面上，这为绳缆提供在驱动轮上的机械抓力且/或改善了视觉状态监测。
包覆处理能够制成几层。这些层能够采用不同材料或相同材料的不同硬度(共挤出)。如果需要的话，该增强塑料型材能够被预处理，从而提高增强塑料和包覆层之间的粘附性。
增强塑料型材优选包覆有弹性橡胶，从而增强其横向弹性，并且能改变产品横截面形状来匹配应用。由于弹性体，型材能够是一个开口形状活着折叠成形的一个形状。增强塑料型材被准确地引导到热塑性包覆层，其在最终产品形状中的位置可根据需要进行调节。所述方法用于制造电梯所用的输送绳缆。
复合型材能够以所需方式设计并且包覆能够仅施加到所述增强型材的一部分。不同增强型材能够被引导到包覆层并且能够按需要在横向和垂直方向上定位。在包覆阶段，在产品中制成齿状楔形表面，这有助于产品留在楔形槽中。
采用平行的直增强纤维拉挤成型，并且在制造过程中也能够在产品的表面上添加其他增强材料。

Claims (15)

1.一种制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
-通过拉挤、连续层压或其它连续方法制造一个或多个平行的增强塑料型材(11)，
-对所述增强塑料型材进行表面处理，提高增强塑料与包覆层之间的粘附性，-引导增强塑料型材(11)彼此短距离进行包覆处理，这是通过挤压或层压或拉挤来实现的并且其中所述增强塑料型材被包围在用于改善耐磨性的包覆材料(12)中，所述包覆材料(12)使所述增强塑料型材(11)连在一起并形成成品带或绳缆(10)的包覆层，并
-将所述成品带或绳缆(10)缠绕在卷轴上。
2.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，同时制造并连续地引导几个平行增强塑料型材(11)经过表面处理到包覆处理，连续地执行所述方法步骤，即在线制造。
3.如权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，在接下来的表面处理和包覆处理之前，所制造的增强塑料型材缠绕并临时存放在卷轴上。
4.一种制造弹性复合带或绳缆的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
-通过拉挤、连续层压或其它连续方法制造一个或多个平行增强塑料型材(11)，
-对所述增强塑料型材进行表面处理，提高增强塑料和包覆层之间的粘附性，-引导所述增强塑料型材(11)进行包覆处理，这是通过挤压或层压或拉挤来实现的并且其中所述所述增强塑料型材被包围在包覆材料(12)中
-将具有包覆层的所述增强塑料型材缠绕在卷轴上，并
-利用多个独立包覆的增强塑料型材形成实心线或绳缆。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面处理是在进行包覆处理之前实施的等离子体处理。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述等离子体处理是常压等离子体处理。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述包覆材料(12)被用作热塑性物质或弹性材料或橡胶材料，并且在包覆处理(4)中加入增强件以提高所述包覆材料的性能。
8.如权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述增强塑料型材(11)被直接地并且连续地从表面处理引导到包覆处理，并且所述包覆处理提高所述增强塑料型材(11)和所述包覆材料(12)之间的粘附性。
9.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述包覆处理(4)中加入电缆、光纤或导电材料层，以此方式能够测量、监控和分析复合带的状况、磨损和老化。
10.如权利要求1至9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述包覆处理(4)之后，或与其关联，通过在包覆层的表面上形成图案的方式对所述包覆层进行表面处理，这给绳缆提供在驱动轮上的机械抓力且/或改善了视觉状态监测。
11.如权利要求1至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述包覆处理形成几个层并且这些层采用不同的材料和/或相同材料的不同硬度(共挤出)。
12.如权利要求1至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，表面处理前，对所述增强塑料型材进行预处理从而提高增强塑料和包覆层之间的粘附性。
13.如权利要求1至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述增强塑料型材包覆有弹性橡胶，从而增强其横向弹性，并且能够改变产品的横截面形状以匹配应用，于是，由于包覆层形成弹性体，所述型材能够是一个开口形状或者一个折叠成形的形状。
14.如权利要求1至13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述增强塑料型材被准确地引导到热塑性包覆层，由此它们在最终产品形状中的位置能够根据需要进行调节。
15.如权利要求1至14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法用于制造电梯所用的输送绳缆。
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Application publication date: 20151118

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