CN105073767B - 稳定的s‑腺苷‑l‑蛋氨酸的吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐 - Google Patents
稳定的s‑腺苷‑l‑蛋氨酸的吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了稳定的S‑腺苷‑L‑蛋氨酸的吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐,以及包含所述吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐的药物组合物,使用所述吲哚‑3‑丙酸盐的方法及其制备方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及稳定的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐;制备所述吲哚-3-丙酸盐的方法,包含所述吲哚-3-丙酸盐的药物组合物,以及它们的治疗用途。这些吲哚-3-丙酸盐在治疗哺乳动物的与衰老和其它疾病状态相关的各种疾病状态方面具有强效的活性。
发明背景
S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAMe)
S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAMe)是存在于所有生命有机体中的天然存在的物质,并且具有许多非常重要的生物功能。SAMe以两种重要的非对映异构体形式存在,即(S,S)S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸和(R,S)S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸。在这些功能中具有如下功能:转甲基反应中的甲基供体(在这类反应中SAMe是唯一的甲基供体,所述反应包括DNA、蛋白质、激素、儿茶酚和吲哚胺的甲基化反应以及磷脂酰乙醇胺甲基化为磷脂酰胆碱);裂解酶的底物,该裂解酶将SAMe转变为甲硫腺苷和高丝氨酸分子;tRNA的氨基丁酸链的供体;以及在生物素的生物合成中的氨基酸链供体。脱羧基后,SAMe也是神经调节多胺类——亚精胺与精胺的生物合成中的氨丙基供体(Zappia等人,(1979),“Biomedical and Pharmacological roles ofAdenosylmethionine and the Central Nervous System(腺苷蛋氨酸和中枢神经系统的生物医学和药理学作用)”,第1页,Pergamon Press.NY)。SAMe在肝病(Friedel H,Goa,K.L.和Benfield P.(1989),“S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:a review of its pharmacologicalproperties and therapeutic potential in liver dysfunction and affectivedisorders in relation to its physiological role in cell metabolism(S-腺苷-l-蛋氨酸:与它在细胞代谢中的生理学作用相关的它在肝功能紊乱和情感障碍中的药理学性质和治疗潜力的综述)”,Drugs,38,389-416)、关节炎(Di Padova C,(1987),“SAMe in thetreatment of osteoarthritis:review of the clinical studies(SAMe在骨关节炎的治疗中:临床研究的综述)”,Am J.Med.83,(增刊5),6-65)和抑郁症(Kagan,B,Sultzer D.L.,Rosenlicht N和Gerner R.(1990),“Oral S-adenosylmethionine in depression:arandomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial(在抑郁症中口服S-腺苷蛋氨酸:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验)”,Am.J.Psychiatry 147,591-595)的治疗方面已经临床应用了二十多年。阿尔茨海默氏病患者具有降低的SAMe的脑脊液水平(Bottiglieri等人(1990),“Cerebrospinal fluid SAMe in depression and dementia:effects oftreatment with parenteral and oral S-adenosyl-l-methionine(在抑郁症和痴呆中的脑脊液SAMe:使用肠胃外给药的和口服的S-腺苷-l-蛋氨酸的治疗作用)”,J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry 53,1096-1098)。在初步研究中,SAMe在患有阿尔茨海默氏病的患者中能够产生认知改善(Bottiglieri等人(1994),“The clinical potential ofadmetionine(S-adenosyl-l-methionine in neurological disorders(腺苷蛋氨酸(S-腺苷-l-蛋氨酸)在神经学病症中的临床潜力)”,Drugs 48,137-152)。
在患有阿尔茨海默氏病的患者中SAMe的脑水平也严重地降低(Morrison等人,(1996),“Brain S-adenosylmethionine levels are severely decreased inAlzheimer’s disease(在阿尔茨海默氏病中脑S-腺苷蛋氨酸水平严重地降低)”,Journalof Neurochemistry,67,1328-1331。患有帕金森氏病的患者也显示出明显降低的SAMe的血液水平(Cheng等人,(1997),“Levels of L-methionine S-adenosyltransferaseactivity in erythrocytes and concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in whole blood of patients with Parkinson's disease(红细胞中L-蛋氨酸S-腺苷转移酶活性的水平和在患有帕金森氏病的患者的全血中的S-腺苷蛋氨酸和S-腺苷高半胱氨酸的浓度)”,Experimental Neurology 145,580-585)。向患有肝病和未患有肝病的患者口服给予SAMe都导致肝脏中谷胱甘肽水平的增加(Vendemiale G等人,“Effect of oral SAMe on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease(口服SAMe对患有肝病的患者中的肝谷胱甘肽的作用)”,Scand J Gastroenterol 1989;24:407-15。
向患有肝内胆汁淤积的患者口服给予SAMe使得瘙痒症以及胆汁淤积的生化指标都有所改善(Giudici等人,“The use of admetionine(SAMe)in the treatment ofcholestatic liver disorders(使用腺苷蛋氨酸(SAMe)治疗胆汁淤积性肝病)”,Meta-analysis of clinical trials,Mato等人编辑,Methionine Metabolism:MolecularMechanism and Clinical Implications(蛋氨酸代谢:分子机制和临床意义).Madrid:CSIC Press;1992pp 67-79)。在短期试验后,向患有原发性纤维肌痛的患者口服给予SAMe导致明显的改善(Tavoni等人,“Evaluation of S-adenosylmethionine in PrimaryFibromyalgia(S-腺苷蛋氨酸在原发性纤维肌痛中的评价)”,The American Journal ofMedicine,Vol 83(增刊5A),pp 107-110,1987)。Lee Hong Kyu在PCT公开的专利申请WO02/092105(2002年11月21日)中公开了SAMe能够用于治疗糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗。
最近发表的标题为“用于治疗抑郁症、骨关节炎和肝病的SAMe”的证据报告提供了SAMe的安全性和临床有效性数据(证据报告编号64,美国卫生和人类服务部,公共卫生署,保健研究与质量局,2002年10月)。
由于其在基本代谢过程中的重要功能,SAMe在很多明显不相关的领域中都有临床应用。其最引人注目的临床应用之一是治疗酒精性肝硬化,迄今为止,酒精性肝硬化在医学上仍是无法治愈的。已经证实了与安慰剂治疗组相比,在酒精性肝硬化中口服SAMe能使总死亡率和/或病情发展为肝移植的几率降低29%vs 12%(Mato等人,(1999),“S-adenosylmethionine in alcohol liver cirrhosis:a randomized,placebo-controlled,double blind,multi-center clinical trial(酒精性肝硬化中的S-腺苷蛋氨酸:随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、多中心临床试验)”,Journal of Hepatology,30,1081-1089)。SAMe的广泛临床应用已经证实了它的有效性以及它在多种不同的临床疾病状态中不存在毒性。
就SAMe在环境温度下的稳定性而言,它存在某些难题,这导致该分子降解成不期望的降解产物,如甲硫腺苷。另外,多数的用来稳定SAMe的盐为基于硫的,并且这些基于硫的盐是胃肠道不适的最有可能的原因,而胃肠道不适是患者报告的作为停止治疗的原因。
SAMe已成为众多专利的主题,这些专利涉及获得稳定的SAMe盐以及涉及提供可以在工业规模上实施的制备方法。有很多专利公开了SAMe的盐但是未公开SAMe的吲哚-3-丙酸(IPA)盐。第3,893,999号美国专利公开了用三-对-甲苯磺酸盐制备的新的SAMe盐,但是没有公开使用吲哚3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第3,954,726号美国专利公开了SAMe的复盐,但是没有公开使用吲哚3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,028,183号美国专利尤其公开了对甲苯磺酸盐作为稳定SAMe分子的手段,但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,057,686号美国专利公开了稳定的SAMe的盐,但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,465,672号美国专利公开了新的SAMe盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,543,408号美国专利公开了新的SAMe盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,558,122号美国专利公开了新的SAMe盐,但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,990,606号美国专利公开了新的SAMe的盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe的盐。
此外,第5,102,791号美国专利公开了SAMe的1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐但并未使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第5,114,931号美国专利公开了可注射的SAMe盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第5,128,249号美国专利公开了新的SAMe盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe的盐。第3,707,536号美国专利公开了新的SAMe硫酸氢盐但并未使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,109,079号美国专利公开了新的稳定的SAMe盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,242,505号美国专利公开了新的稳定的SAMe的盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe的盐。第4,369,177号美国专利公开了SAMe和使用二价或三价金属的盐的SAMe盐的稳定组合物,但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸盐形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第5,166,328号美国专利并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。
此外,第2,969,353号美国专利公开了制备SAMe和稳定的SAMe的盐的方法,但并未使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第4,764,603号美国专利公开了使用新的SAMe的盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第5,073,546号美国专利公开了新的SAMe的盐但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。第6,117,849号美国专利公开了使用与核苷复合的SAMe作为HIV抑制剂,但并未公开使用吲哚-3-丙酸形成稳定的SAMe或其药物可接受盐的盐。
吲哚-3-丙酸(IPA)
吲哚-3-丙酸(3-(3-吲哚基)丙酸)(IPA)是在植物和包括人在内的动物中发现的天然化合物。它已经在哺乳动物的血浆和脑脊液中,包括人的血浆和脑脊髓液中被发现。吲哚-3-丙酸和SAMe都是可商购的。
尽管IPA是在哺乳动物的血浆、包括人的血浆中被发现的作为肠道菌群的副产物的天然存在的化合物,但是它可以分解为可能有潜在毒性的降解副产物。有潜在毒性的副产物可以通过氧化反应形成,特别是在光的存在下亦是如此。
这类有毒的副产物的存在可以通过制备IPA的水溶液并随时间观察该溶液来确定。在光下以及在碱性PH下,降解加强,并且该溶液会发展成黄色或者在420nm处会观察到增加的UV吸收。该溶液的黄色也可能是由于犬尿酸的形成而导致的,并且,为了将犬尿酸与具有潜在毒性的降解产物区分开,可以测定有毒产物的UV荧光吸收峰,据报道,该吸收峰在比420nm稍微更高的波长处。
在第2010/0004191号和第2006/0127506号美国公开的专利申请中公开了包含IPA和SAMe或其药物可接受盐的组合物。然而,其中公开的该组合物不是SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐。此外,其中公开的该组合物并没有解决IPA降解的问题。
因此,本领域亟需稳定的SAMe的IPA盐,其不仅提供SAMe分子本身的优异稳定性,而且提供很少的先前已知的SAMe盐的胃肠道副作用并且增加IPA的稳定性。还亟需涉及这类盐增加SAMe的血液和其他组织和体液水平和治疗起因于低的SAMe的血液和组织水平的疾病状态的治疗用途的方法。本领域还亟需制备这类稳定的SAMe的IPA盐及其盐的IPA盐的合成方法。本发明满足这些需求并且提供其他相关优点。
发明概述
本发明涉及稳定的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAMe)的吲哚-3-丙酸(IPA)盐或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸(IPA)盐,包含所述盐的药物组合物、使用其的治疗方法以及制备这些SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的合成方法。这些SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐在如下方面具有效用:增加DNA和RNA的甲基化水平以及增加哺乳动物(优选人)中SAMe的血液和其他组织或液体水平,以及治疗或预防与DNA低甲基化、RNA低甲基化、蛋白质低甲基化、SAMe的降低的血液和组织水平有关的许多疾病状态。
因此,在一方面,本发明涉及S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
在另一方面,本发明涉及S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐由盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、二磺酸或1,4-丁烷二磺酸制备。
在另一方面,本发明涉及S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐选自S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸甲苯磺酸盐硫酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸硫酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸三对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸二对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸二硫酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸氯化物、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碳酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碳酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸溴化物、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碘化物和S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐。
在另一方面,本发明涉及S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐为S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐或S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐。
在另一方面,本发明涉及S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐或S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
在另一方面,本发明涉及包含药物可接受的载体和有效量的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐的药物组合物。
在另一方面,本发明涉及包含药物可接受的载体、有效量的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐和任选的吸收促进剂的药物组合物。
在另一方面,本发明涉及治疗哺乳动物的疾病或病症的方法,所述疾病或病症通过增加哺乳动物的DNA和RNA的甲基化水平和/或通过增加哺乳动物的血液和其他组织中的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸水平而减轻,其中所述方法包括向有需要的哺乳动物给予有效量的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或有效量的包含药物可接受的载体、任选的吸收促进剂和有效量的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐的药物组合物,其中哺乳动物的疾病或病症选自心理或精神病症、神经系统或神经疾病或病症、与中枢神经系统的损伤有关的疾病状态、肝疾病或病症、癌症、关节疾病或病症、炎性疾病或病症、自身免疫性疾病或病症、退行性疾病或病症、软组织疾病或病症、疼痛疾病或病症、与低甲基化有关的遗传性病症、胃肠道疾病或病症、心血管疾病或病症和全部或部分由氧化或自由基损伤诱导的病症、代谢综合征、1型和2型糖尿病和它们的并发症。
在另一方面,本发明涉及制备S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐的方法,其中所述方法包括在标准条件下使用合适的试剂在标准条件下使用吲哚-3-丙酸的溶液处理S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的溶液,或其药物可接受盐的溶液,并且通过标准技术从反应混合物中分离吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
本发明这些方面的具体实施方案在下面更详细地描述。
附图的简要说明
图1是合成实施例1的产物的UV吸收光谱。
图2是在图1中所示的产物的初始UV分析之后八个月获得的合成实施例1的产物的UV吸收光谱。
图3是合成实施例2的产物的UV吸收光谱。
图4是在图3中所示的产物的初始UV分析之后八个月获得的合成实施例2的产物的UV吸收光谱。
图5是在获得图1和图3的UV吸收光谱的同时获得的空白样品的UV吸收光谱。
图6是在获得图2和图4的UV吸收光谱的同时获得的空白样品的UV吸收光谱。
发明详述
定义
除非在说明书中另外定义,下列术语和短语应具有下列含义:
术语“SAMe”是指S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸、它的非对映异构体的外消旋混合物形式、它的非对映异构体的非外消旋混合物形式或基本上光学纯的非对映异构体形式。非外消旋混合物包括其中(S,S)S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸非对映异构体与(R,S)S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸非对映异构体的比例为约1%至99%或者其中比例为约99%至1%的混合物。
SAMe是可商购的,使用发酵技术产生在60%至80%纯度之间变化的SAMe制剂(即,最终产物包含60-80%的活性非对映异构体((S,S)-SAMe)和20-40%的无活性非对映异构体((R,S)-SAMe)(Gross,A.,Geresh,S.和Whitesides,Gm(1983)Appl.Biochem.Biotech.8,415)。已经报道的酶合成方法学产生浓度超过60%的无活性异构体(Matos,J R,RauschelF M,Wong,C H,“S-Adenosylmethionine:Studies on Chemical and EnzymaticSynthesis(S-腺苷蛋氨酸:对化学合成和酶合成的研究)”,Biotechnology and AppliedBiochemistry 9,39-52(1987)。美国公开的专利申请第2002/0188116号公开了合成SAMe的方法学,但是未公开一旦合成该分子能使其稳定的任何方法。美国公开的专利申请第2002/0173012号还公开了制备相对纯的生物活性非对映异构体(S,S)SAMe(97%>)的方法,但未公开通过形成其IPA盐稳定SAMe分子。
术语SAMe的“药物可接受盐”包括但不限于,由盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、磺酸和1,4-丁烷二磺酸制备的药物可接受盐;并且可包括下列盐:SAMe甲苯磺酸盐硫酸氢盐、SAMe-1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐、SAMe硫酸盐和SAMe甲苯磺酸盐。
此外,SAMe的药物可接受盐可由磺酸制备,所述磺酸选自甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、1-正十二烷磺酸、1-正十八烷磺酸、2-氯乙烷磺酸、2-溴乙烷磺酸、2-羟基乙烷磺酸、3-羟基丙烷磺酸、d-,l-,d,-l-10-樟脑磺酸、d-,l-,d,l-3-溴樟脑-10-磺酸、磺基丙氨酸、苯磺酸、对氯苯磺酸、2-三甲基苯基苯磺酸(2-mesitylbenzenesulphonic acid)、4-联苯基磺酸、1-萘磺酸、2-萘磺酸、5-磺基水杨酸、对乙酰基苯磺酸、1,2-乙烷二磺酸、邻苯二磺酸和软骨素硫酸和所述酸与硫酸的双盐。
SAMe的药物可接受盐还可选自SAMe硫酸氢盐、SAMe三对甲苯磺酸盐、SAMe二对甲苯磺酸盐、SAMe二硫酸盐、SAMe氯化物、SAMe碳酸盐、SAMe碳酸氢盐、SAMe溴化物和SAMe碘化物。
本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐包含至少0.01摩尔至1.0摩尔的IPA对1摩尔的SAMe或其药物可接受盐。在一个实施方案中,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐包含至少0.01摩尔至1.0摩尔的IPA对1摩尔的SAMe 1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐。在另一实施方案中,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐包含至少0.01摩尔至1.0摩尔的IPA对1摩尔的SAMe对甲苯磺酸盐。在另一实施方案中,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐包含至少0.01摩尔至2.0摩尔的IPA对1摩尔的SAMe(游离碱)。
术语“IPA”是指吲哚-3-丙酸。
术语“治疗(treat)”或“治疗(treatment)”意指与一种或多种与DNA低甲基化、RNA低甲基化和蛋白质低甲基化有关的疾病状态相关的症状在严重程度或频繁性方面减轻或减少,并且术语“预防”意指避免这类症状的随后发生或者指延迟这种发生之间的频率。
术语“疾病状态”包括与DNA低甲基化、RNA低甲基化和蛋白质低甲基化有关的疾病、损伤、病症、适应症和/或痛苦。
如上所述,与IPA不稳定性共存着潜在问题以及IPA的纯度并不总是确定的并且会包含一些污染物。此外,IPA本身水溶性差。相比之下,SAMe的IPA盐或其盐的IPA盐是高度水可溶的。因此,通过制备SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐,IPA的降解通过本文公开的发明而被阻止。
本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐比先前已知的SAMe的盐在室温下在更长的时间段内更稳定。此外,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐并不引起常与先前已知的SAMe盐有关的胃肠道不适。就此而言并且鉴于公知的SAMe在室温下随时间的分子不稳定性,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其盐的IPA盐能够长时间耐受室温条件。这种特性再现了储存本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的保质期条件。
此外,当与先前已知的SAMe的盐比较时,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐具有另外的优点,例如容易制备和给药舒适性。
因此,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐为SAMe和IPA二者提供了更稳定的构型,由此基本上在一步中解决了这些重要的生物活性分子中的每一个分子的主要稳定性问题。特别地,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐为不稳定的SAMe分子提供位阻,这导致分子随时间更加稳定。此外,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐以非常经济的成本赋予其中结合的IPA分子水溶性。
效用、给药和药物组合物
本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐对广泛的与DNA低甲基化、RNA低甲基化、SAMe的降低的血液和组织水平有关的病症或疾病状态均有显著效用。
因此,在一个实施方案中,将本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐给予有需要的哺乳动物,优选人,以增加SAMe水平。在另一实施方案中,将本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐给予有需要的哺乳动物,优选人,以预防或治疗与DNA低甲基化、RNA低甲基化、SAMe的降低的血液和组织水平、或希望控制或调节其表达的基因的某些启动子区的低甲基化有关的或由它们引起的疾病状态或病症。其实例将为使用本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐控制基因组的LINE-1或ALU元件的低甲基化以治疗或预防总DNA低甲基化有关的疾病,该总DNA低甲基化发生在衰老性疾病中,如癌症、骨关节炎、轻度认知功能障碍、阿尔茨海默氏病和其他疾病。
其他实施方案提供了治疗病症的方法,所述病症选自衰老、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、纤维肌痛、诸如潮热的更年期症状、精神病症、炎性疾病状态、中枢神经系统(CNS)病症、疼痛病症、肝病、神经病症、胃肠道病症、心血管病症、由氧化或自由基损伤全部或部分地诱导的病症和癌症,所述方法包括向有需要的患者给予本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐。在一些实施方案中,所述病症为肝病,其选自酒精性肝病、脂肪肝和肝炎。在一些实施方案中,所述病症为胃肠道病症,如炎性肠病(IBD)、克罗恩氏病或溃疡性结肠炎(UC)。
在一些实施方案中,待使用本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐治疗的疾病为精神病症,其选自抑郁症、进食障碍、双相型障碍、滥用障碍、依赖性障碍、第二轴向紊乱、精神病和焦虑性障碍。在一些实施方案中,精神病症为焦虑性障碍,其选自广泛性焦虑障碍、创伤后应激障碍、恐慌症和强迫症。在一些实施方案中,精神病症为抑郁症。在一些实施方案中,抑郁症为重度抑郁症、轻度抑郁症、短暂的复发性抑郁症、心境恶劣或抑郁症NOS。
在一些实施方案中,待使用本发明的SAMe的IPA盐、或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐治疗的精神病症为进食障碍,其选自暴食症、神经性厌食症、暴饮暴食症、肥胖症或进食障碍NOS。在一些实施方案中,精神病症为双相型障碍、滥用障碍或依赖性障碍。在一些实施方案中,精神病症包括滥用或依赖酒精、可卡因、可待因、氧可酮、氢可酮或其他阿片类。
在一些实施方案中,待使用本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐治疗的精神病症为第二轴向紊乱,其选自边缘性人格障碍。在一些实施方案中,所述病症为诸如帕金森氏综合征或阿尔茨海默氏病的CNS病症。在一些实施方案中,所述病症为炎性病症,其选自系统性红斑狼疮、雷尔氏综合征、风湿热、过敏性鼻炎、重症肌无力、颞动脉炎、血管炎、牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、酒渣鼻、湿疹、普秃、硬皮病、天疱疮、接触性皮炎、强直性脊柱炎、皮肌炎、多发性肌炎、口炎性腹泻、Guillain-Barre综合征、多发性梗塞性痴呆、脑血管意外后再灌注损伤、爱迪生氏病、桥本氏甲状腺炎、哮喘、上呼吸道炎症症状、慢性支气管炎、动脉粥样硬化、恶性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、前列腺炎、盆腔炎性疾病、古德帕斯丘综合征、韦格纳氏肉芽肿病、慢性肾炎、舍格林氏综合征或过敏性结膜炎。
在一些实施方案中,待使用本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐治疗的病症的病因学可包括氧化或自由基损伤,其选自慢性疲劳综合征、颞动脉炎、脉管炎、多发性梗塞性痴呆、慢性肺气肿或慢性肾炎。在一些实施方案中,病症为癌症,其选自在肝、结肠、直肠、卵巢、尿道、睾丸、膀胱、乳腺、胃、食道、胰腺、头颈中的一个或多个部位发生的癌症、腺癌、血癌、皮肤癌和任何转移性癌症。此外,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐可用于预防或治疗耐化疗以及耐辐射的癌症细胞。
本发明还提供了通过给予有效量的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐抑制包括转化细胞在内的细胞的异常生长的方法。细胞的异常生长是指独立于正常调节机制的细胞生长(例如,失去接触抑制)。这包括直接通过引起生长停滞、终末分化和/或癌细胞的凋亡以及间接通过抑制肿瘤的新血管形成二者来抑制肿瘤生长。
本发明还提供了通过向需要这种治疗的个体、例如哺乳动物(优选人)给予有效量的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐抑制肿瘤生长的方法。特别地,本发明提供了通过给予有效量的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐抑制肿瘤生长的方法。
可被抑制的肿瘤的实例包括但不限于,肺癌(例如,腺癌并且包括非小细胞肺癌)、胰腺癌(例如,胰腺癌,例如外分泌胰腺癌)、结肠癌(例如,结肠直肠癌,例如结肠腺癌和结肠腺瘤)、前列腺癌包括晚期疾病、淋巴系的造血肿瘤(例如,急性淋巴细胞白血病、B-细胞淋巴瘤、Burkitt氏淋巴瘤)、骨髓性白血病(例如,急性髓细胞性白血病(AML))、甲状腺滤泡癌、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、间叶细胞源肿瘤(例如,纤维肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤)、黑素瘤、畸胎癌、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、皮肤的良性肿瘤(例如,角化棘皮瘤)、乳腺癌(例如,晚期乳腺癌)、肾癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌和表皮癌。
本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐可用于其他治疗目的,例如:a)在用于治疗癌症的肿瘤的辐射之前、期间或之后通过给予本发明的新盐使肿瘤对放射疗法敏化;b)治疗关节病和骨病理学疾病状态,如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、幼年型关节炎、痛风、多发性关节炎、牛皮癣关节炎、强直性脊柱炎和系统性红斑狼疮;c)抑制平滑肌细胞增殖,包括血管增殖性疾病、动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄;d)治疗炎性疾病状态和皮肤疾病状态,如溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、过敏性鼻炎、移植物抗宿主病、结膜炎、哮喘、ARDS、白塞氏病、移植排斥、荨麻疹、过敏性皮炎、脱发症greata、硬皮病、疹病、湿疹、皮肌炎、痤疮、糖尿病、代谢综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、川崎病、多发性硬化症、肺气肿、囊性纤维化和慢性支气管炎;e)治疗子宫内膜异位、子宫肌瘤、功能失调性子宫出血和子宫内膜增生;f)治疗眼部血管形成,包括影响视网膜和脉络膜血管的血管病变;g)治疗心功能障碍;h)抑制免疫抑制性疾病状态,如治疗HIV感染;i)治疗肾功能不全;j)抑制内分泌紊乱;k)抑制糖原异生功能紊乱;l)治疗诸如帕金森氏病的神经病理学或导致认知障碍的神经病理学,如阿尔茨海默氏病或聚谷氨酰胺相关的神经疾病;m)抑制神经肌肉病理学,例如,肌萎缩性侧索硬化症;n)治疗脊髓性肌肉萎缩症;o)治疗通过强化基因表达而适于治疗的其他病理学疾病状态;p)增强基因治疗。
向有需要的哺乳动物(优选人)给予本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐可为局部的(包括眼部给药和向粘膜给药,包括阴道和直肠递送),肺部的、例如、通过吸入或吹入粉末或气溶胶,包括通过喷雾器;气管内、鼻内、表皮和透皮的)、口服或肠胃外。肠胃外给药包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹膜内或肌内注射或输注;或颅内,例如,鞘内或脑室内给药。
在优选的实施方案中,以药物组合物、预防性组合物或美容组合物形式将本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐给予哺乳动物,优选人,所述组合物包含本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的至少一种基本上光学纯的非对映异构体形式或(S,S)-S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸和(R,S)-S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的非外消旋混合物,以及至少一种药物可接受的、预防性可接受的或美容可接受的载体或稀释剂和一种吸收促进剂。
给药可通过全身或局部施用完成,优选方式取决于待治疗的疾病状态的类型和位置。
给药频率可改变并且通常通过每日给药实现。本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐用于治疗上述列举的疾病状态的典型口服剂量为以分开的剂量形式给予每位患者每天100mg至1600mg或更多。已经确立了SAMe或其药物盐的静脉内剂量并且目前确立了吲哚-3-丙酸的口服剂量。
为了预防性或治疗性应用,在本发明的上下文中,向哺乳动物(优选人)给予的剂量应足以随时间在哺乳动物中产生有益反应(即,有效量)。对于技术人员显而易见的是该量取决于个体的种类、年龄和体重;待治疗的疾病的类型;在一些情况下个体的性别;和当治疗处于疾病风险或患有疾病的个体时通常考虑的其他因素。
本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的局部给药可包括使用透皮贴剂、软膏剂、洗剂、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、滴剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、液体剂和粉末剂。
在一些实施方案中,除了给予本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐之外,还可将一种或多种选自维生素B12(B12)、叶酸(叶酸或其生物可接受的盐)或二者的另外的药剂同时给予有需要的哺乳动物,优选人。
包含本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐和药物可接受载体的药物组合物可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法制备并且用于本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的给药。常规的药物可接受载体是本领域公知的。
例如,本发明的药物组合物可通过将本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐与药物可接受载体均匀混合而制备,取决于用于给药的期望的制剂形式,该载体可采取广泛的多种形式。这些药物组合物期望地为适于优选用于口服给药、直肠给药、经皮给药或通过肠胃外注射的单一剂型。例如,在制备口服剂型的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐中,可使用任何常用的药物介质,诸如例如,在诸如混悬剂、糖浆剂、酏剂和溶液剂的口服液体制剂的情况下为水、乙二醇、油、醇等;或在粉末剂、丸剂、胶囊剂和片剂的情况下为固体载体,如淀粉、糖、高岭土、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。
由于它们易于给药,因此片剂和胶囊剂代表最有利的口服单位剂型,在这种情况下明显地使用固体药物载体。对于肠胃外组合物,载体通常包含无菌水(至少在很大程度上),尽管可包含其它成分,例如,用于促进溶解度的成分。例如,可制备可注射的溶液,其中载体包含盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液或者盐水和葡萄糖溶液的混合物。还可制备可注射的混悬剂,在这种情况下可使用合适的液体载体、助悬剂等。
在适于经皮给药的本发明的药物组合物中,载体任选地包含渗透增强剂和/或合适的润湿剂,任选地与较小比例的任何性质的合适添加剂组合,该添加剂对皮肤并不产生显著的有害作用。所述添加剂可促进对皮肤的给药和/或可帮助制备期望的组合物。可以许多方式给予这些组合物,例如,以透皮贴剂形式、以滴剂(spot-on)形式或者以软膏剂形式。
为了易于给药和剂量的均一性,以单位剂型配制前述药物组合物是特别有利的。
在本文的说明书和权利要求中使用的单位剂型是指适合作为单一剂量的物理分离的单位,
各个单位包含计算以产生期望的治疗作用的预定量的活性成分连同所需要的药物载体。这
种单位剂型的实例为片剂(包括有刻痕片剂或包衣片剂)、胶囊剂、丸剂、袋装粉末剂、薄片
(wafers)、注射溶液剂或悬浮剂、茶匙容量剂(teaspoonfuls)、汤匙容量剂
(tablespoonfuls)等及其分隔开的多份。
本领域技术人员可容易地确定本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的有效量。通常,预期本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的治疗有效量为0.005mg/kg体重至100mg/kg体重,并且特别地为0.5mg/kg体重至10mg/kg体重。可以在一整天中以合适的时间间隔适当地以两个、三个、四个或更多个子剂量形式给予所需的剂量。可以将所述子剂量配制为单位剂型,例如,每单位剂型包含0.5mg至500mg、且特别地10mg至500mg的活性成分。
用于本发明的SAMe的IPA盐,或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的口服给药的药物组合物还可包含增稠剂、矫味剂、稀释剂、乳化剂、分散助剂、粘合剂或吸收促进剂。
吸收促进剂可为本发明的药物组合物中的活性成分重量的约.0025%至约100%。然而,相对于本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的重量,吸收促进剂的最佳浓度为能使本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的吸收最大增加的吸收促进剂的浓度或量。所述量或浓度容易地通过药代动力学分析而确定,如在已知的制药学领域中所描述的。
典型的吸收促进剂选自壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物,例如但不限于氯化壳聚糖、三甲基壳聚糖、三甲基壳聚糖均聚物、聚(丙烯酸)、细胞松弛素D;癸酸盐、精胺、牛磺胆酸盐(包括钠盐和其他盐形式)和其它胆汁酸和/或它们的盐(例如胆酸、胆酸钠或胆酸钾)以及最近鉴定的试剂,其包括衍生自闭锁小带毒素或产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素的肽类、饱和和/或不饱和脂肪酸或它们相应的羧酸盐(例如,C6-C24脂肪酸或其羧酸盐,特别地C8-C22脂肪酸或其羧酸盐,C10-C20脂肪酸或其羧酸盐,C6-、C7-、C8-、C9-、C10-、C11-、C12-、C13-、C14-、C15-、C16-、C17-、C18-、C19-、C20-、C21-、C22-脂肪酸或其羧酸盐),饱和和不饱和磺酸及其磺酸盐(例如,C6-C24磺酸或磺酸盐、特别地C8-C22磺酸或磺酸盐、C10-C20磺酸或磺酸盐、C8-、C9-、C10-、C11-、C12-、C13-、C14-、C15-、C16-、C17-、C18-、C19-、C20-、C21-、C22-磺酸或磺酸盐);两性离子表面活性剂(例如,3-(N,N-二甲基棕榈基铵基)丙烷磺酸盐、癸基二甲基铵基丙烷磺酸盐、肉豆蔻基二甲基铵基丙烷磺酸盐、椰油酰胺基丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱(ChemBetaine.RTM.CAS)、油基甜菜碱(ChemBetaine.RTM.油基)、或氯化棕榈酰基肉毒碱);脂肪胺(例如,C6-C24脂肪胺,特别地C8-C22脂肪胺、C10-C20脂肪胺、C6-、C7-、C8-、C9-、C10-、C11-、C12-、C13-、C14-、C15-、C16-、C17-、C18-、C19-、C20-、C21-、C22-脂肪胺)以及其他有机酸(例如,酒石酸)和环糊精(例如,α-环糊精、β-环糊精或γ-环糊精)和labrasol(辛酸癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯)。
可用作吸收促进剂的示例性脂肪酸包括己酸、庚酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、9-十四烯酸、棕榈油酸、十六碳烯酸(sapienic acid)、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸。
可用作吸收促进剂的示例性的羧酸盐包括下列盐的钠盐或钾盐:癸酸盐、辛酸盐、月桂酸盐、肉豆蔻酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、花生酸盐、9-十四烯酸盐、棕榈油酸盐、十六碳烯酸盐(sapienate)、油酸盐、亚油酸盐、α-亚油酸盐、花生四烯酸盐、二十碳五烯酸盐、芥酸盐、二十二碳五烯酸盐。具体的羧酸盐包括癸酸钠、辛酸钠和月桂酸钠。可使用的具体的脂肪胺包括月桂胺(N-十二烷胺)、癸胺、壬胺、辛胺、庚胺或己胺。
可用作吸收促进剂的示例性磺酸包括辛烷磺酸、癸烷磺酸(例如,1-癸烷磺酸钠)、十二烷磺酸、十四烷磺酸、十六烷磺酸、十八烷磺酸、二十烷磺酸、二十二烷磺酸或二十四烷磺酸。可提及的具体的磺酸包括磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠。
在一些实施方案中,用于本发明的药物组合物的吸收促进剂可为两性离子表面活性剂,如酰基肉碱。在一些实施方案中,所述酰基肉碱为棕榈酰基肉碱、月桂酰基肉碱、硬脂酰基肉碱、肉豆蔻酰基肉碱、癸酰基肉碱或其盐。在一些实施方案中,所述两性离子表面活性剂为磺基甜菜碱。在一些实施方案中,所述磺基甜菜碱为磺基甜菜碱-10、磺基甜菜碱-12、磺基甜菜碱-14、磺基甜菜碱-16或磺基甜菜碱-18。
本发明另外还涉及包含生理学可接受剂量的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐和至少一种吸收促进剂的药物组合物。在优选的实施方案中,将所述吸收促进剂与生理学可接受剂量的本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐一起配制。
SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的制备
通常,本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐通过如下步骤制备:1)向水中添加吲哚-3-丙酸(或其盐);2)在1.0至6.9的pH下向吲哚-3-丙酸溶液中添加S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸或其药物可接受盐;3)搅拌反应混合物;4)从反应混合物中分离产物;以及任选地5)冻干产物以产生稳定的粉末。
通过常规方法进行最终的冻干以产生100%纯度的IPA盐。可采用任何干燥方法以获得粉末,例如,喷雾干燥,但优选的方法为冻干法。
可通过Bottiglieri,T.(1990),Biomed Chromatogr,4(6):239-41中公开的方法评价IPA盐的稳定性。
下列实施例例示了可制备本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的合成方法。已知的吲哚-3-丙酸的盐可用于下列合成,因为IPA本身的水溶性差。提供这些实施例以例示本发明,但绝不是限制。因此,本发明的范围不应由例示的实施方案来确定,而是由所附的权利要求及其法律等同物来确定。
合成实施例1
S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐
A.向搅拌的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐(100mg,0.128mmol,Sigma Aldrich批次号021M5158V)的HPLC等级水(2.5mL)的溶液中加入碳酸钡(125mg,0.63mmol)并搅拌5分钟,并使其静置另外5分钟。将产生的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸游离碱从沉淀的对甲苯磺酸盐中直接过滤至包含吲哚-3-丙酸(IPA)(67mg,0.354mmol,Sigma Aldrich批次号1431484V)的小瓶内,并剧烈搅拌1hr。将产生的悬浮液冻干,产生白色固体。使用乙酸乙酯(3×3mL)洗涤所产生的固体并过滤。将过滤的固体干燥,产生109mg的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐;1H NMR(300MHz,D2O)δ8.14(s),7.6(d),7.34(d),7.2(d)6.98-7.09(m)5.97(s)4.80-4.83(s)4.2-4.6(m),3.2-3.91(m),2.7-3.0(m),2.45(t),2.1-2.3(s)。
B.将上述乙酸乙酯洗涤物合并,并在减压下浓缩,产生55mg的白色固体形式的吲哚-3-丙酸;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.6(d,1H),7.34(d,1H),6.98-7.09(m,3H),2.9-3.0(m,2H),2.65-2.35(m,3H)。
合成实施例2
S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐
将S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐(4.10g,6.67mmol,Sigma Aldrich批次号021 M5158 V)的HPLC等级水(20mL)的溶液冷却至0℃并检测溶液的pH(pH 1.6),并通过在0-5℃下缓慢添加10%氢氧化钠调整至pH 7。加入吲哚-3-丙酸(5.50g,26.7mmol,SigmaAldrich批次号1431484V)的甲醇溶液并用甲醇稀释反应混合物,使它成为pH约5.3的均匀溶液。将溶液搅拌30分钟并在减压下浓缩以去除甲醇。将剩余的水溶液冻干以去除水。将由此获得的干燥粉末悬浮在甲醇中并搅拌10分钟以去除过量的吲哚-3-丙酸。所述盐通过过滤去除并用甲醇洗涤,获得4.0g的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐;1HNMR(300MHz,D2O)58.14(d),7.54(d),7.34(d),6.98-7.09(m),5.97(d),4.80-4.83(t),4.42-4.48(m),3.2-3.91(m),2.80-2.89(m),2.20-2.23(m),1.70-1.75(m)。通过薄层色谱法分析产物,显示不存在游离的吲哚-3-丙酸;通过NMR的分析显示结合19.4%的吲哚-3-丙酸。
合成实施例1和合成实施例2的产物的UV分析
获得合成实施例1的产物和合成实施例2的产物的紫外可见光吸收光谱(分别参见图1和图2)。为了对照目的,在相同时间还获得了空白样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱(参见图5)。
然后,将合成实施例1的产物和合成实施例2的产物在室温下储存八个月,此后获得经储存的产物的紫外可见光吸收光谱(参见图2和图4)。为了对照目的,在相同时间还获得了空白样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱(参见图6)。
通过HPLC或通过UV吸收光谱没有检测到SAMe降解产物,由此显示SAMe分子在室温下保持稳定8个月。这与例如先前已知的SAMe盐(诸如甲苯磺酸盐或1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐)的不稳定性质形成鲜明对比,其稳定性可以与本文描述的相同方式确定。此外,在获得的任何UV吸收光谱中,未观察到在420nm的最大吸收峰,这表明不存在所结合的IPA的有毒降解产物。
生物学实施例1
体外渗透性检验
进行如下体外渗透性检验以测定某些吸收促进剂在增加本发明的SAMe的IPA盐或其药物可接受盐的IPA盐的渗透性方面的效力。参见Stewart,BH等人(1995)“Comparisonof intestinal permeabilities determined in multiple in vitro and in situmodels:Relationship to absorption in humans(在多个体外和原位模型中测定的肠道通透性的比较:与在人体内吸收的关系)”Pharm.Res.12:693。
测试化合物
测试化合物为SAMe1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐的IPA盐(合成实施例2的产物)(SAMeIPA)。用于该检验的测试化合物的浓度为2mM。
吸收促进剂
在该检验中与测试化合物一同测试的吸收促进剂为三甲基壳聚糖均聚物(HPTMC)、三甲基壳聚糖(TMC)和壳聚糖HCl(壳聚糖)。
测试制剂
测试下列制剂:
1.SAMeIPA(没有添加吸收促进剂)
2.SAMeIPA和0.025%壳聚糖
3.SAMeIPA和0.25%壳聚糖
4.SAMeIPA和2.5%TMC
5.SAMeIPA和2.5%HPTMC
对照
雷尼替丁用于低渗透性对照且华法林用于高渗透性对照。
分析方法
通过ESI正或负离子化模式将各个试验制剂的信号最佳化。MS2扫描或SIM扫描用于最佳化碎片裂解电压,并且产物离子分析用于鉴别用于分析的最佳碎片,并且使用产物离子或MRM扫描最佳化碰撞能量。归属电离等级,这表明所述制剂容易电离。
使用与Agilent 1200HPLC和CTC PAL冷藏自动进样器连接的Agilent 6410质谱仪,通过LC/MS/MS分析样品,所有通过MassHunter软件(Agilent)控制。使用乙腈-水梯度体系,在C18反相HPLC柱(Agilent,Waters或等同物)上分离之后,以MRM模式使用ESI电离通过质谱法(MS)分析峰。
独立地测量SAMe和IPA的渗透性。
实验条件
将在组织培养瓶中生长的Caco-2细胞胰蛋白酶化,并悬浮在培养基中,并将悬浮液施加至96-孔形式的胶原-涂覆的BioCoat细胞环境(BioCoat Ccell Environment)的孔中。使细胞生长并且分化三周,以2-天时间间隔饲养。
对于顶点至底侧(A->B)的渗透性,将测试制剂加入至顶点(A)侧并在底侧(B)上测定渗透的量;对于底侧至顶点(B>A)的渗透性,将测试制剂加入至B侧并在A侧上测定渗透的量。A-侧缓冲液包含在pH 6.5的运输缓冲液(1.98g/L葡萄糖的10mM HEPES,1×Hank平衡盐溶液)中的100μΜLucifer黄色染料,且B-侧缓冲液为运输缓冲液,pH 7.4。使用这些缓冲液将CaCo-2细胞孵育2小时,并移除接收侧缓冲液用于通过LC/MS/MS进行分析。
为了证实适当地形成Caco-2细胞单层,通过荧光分析等分的细胞缓冲液以确定不可渗透的染料Lucifer黄色的运输。
将数据表达为表观渗透性(Papp)。
结果
检验的结果在下面表1中示出:
表1
讨论
Caco-2细胞系衍生自人结肠直肠癌并且广泛用于研究胃肠道药物吸收的体外细胞培养模型。在这些模型中,使纯细胞系生长在半透膜上。将药物制剂放置在细胞单层的顶点或底侧,并通过在膜的另一侧上测量药物浓度来测定运输。
作为实例,将吸收促进剂(并且具体而言,紧密结合开放剂(tight junctionopening agent),如壳聚糖、氯化壳聚糖、三甲基壳聚糖和三甲基壳聚糖均聚物的)对S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐的Caco-2渗透性的作用与没有添加任何吸收促进剂的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐的吸收进行比较。华法林为高渗透性标志物并且用作容易吸收的分子的阳性对照。
上述表1中的结果显示对于没有添加任何吸收促进剂的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐,S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吸收是低的,如由低的表观渗透系数所证实的。
所测量的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐的渗透性值远低于使用高渗透性标志物华法林所测量的。不同的吸收促进剂显示不同的渗透性促进特性,如由S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸渗透性的不同倍数的增加所证实的,使用三甲基壳聚糖均聚物作为吸收促进剂显示了渗透性的最大增加(37.5倍增加)。
吲哚-3-丙酸也难以被吸收,因此在该检验中还研究了不同吸收促进剂的作用。然而,与S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的渗透性的显著增加相比,使用各种吸收促进剂,吲哚-3-丙酸显示了渗透性的一些轻微增加。
本说明书中提及的所有美国专利、美国专利申请公开、美国专利申请、外国专利、外国专利申请和非专利公开以它们的整体通过引用并入本文。
尽管已相当详细地描述前述发明以帮助理解,但明显地,在附加权利要求范围内可实施一些改变和修改。因此,认为描述的实施方案是例示性的而不是限制性的,并且本发明不局限于本文提供的细节,但可在附加权利要求的范围和等同物内进行修改。
Claims (12)
1.S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,或其药物可接受盐的吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中所述S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐由盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、二磺酸或1,4-丁烷二磺酸制备。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中所述S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐选自S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸甲苯磺酸盐硫酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸硫酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸三对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸二对甲苯磺酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸二硫酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸氯化物、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碳酸盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碳酸氢盐、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸溴化物、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸碘化物和S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其中所述S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸的药物可接受盐为S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐或S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐。
5.如权利要求1所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐,其选自S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸对甲苯磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐或S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸1,4-丁烷二磺酸盐吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
6.包含药物可接受的载体和有效量的权利要求1-5中任一项所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐的药物组合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其还包含一种或多种吸收促进剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其中所述一种或多种吸收促进剂选自壳聚糖、氯化壳聚糖和三甲基壳聚糖。
9.如权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其中所述一种或多种吸收促进剂为三甲基壳聚糖均聚物。
10.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐或权利要求6-9中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物的疾病或病症的药物中的用途,所述疾病或病症通过增加所述哺乳动物中的DNA和RNA的甲基化水平和/或通过增加所述哺乳动物的血液和其他组织中的S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸水平而被减轻,其中所述哺乳动物的疾病或病症选自心理或精神病症、神经系统疾病或病症、肝部疾病或病症、癌症、关节疾病或病症、炎性疾病或病症、自身免疫性疾病或病症、退行性疾病或病症、软组织疾病或病症、疼痛疾病或病症、与低甲基化有关的遗传性病症、胃肠道疾病或病症、心血管疾病或病症和全部或部分地由氧化或自由基损伤诱导的病症、代谢综合征、1型和2型糖尿病和它们的并发症。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物的疾病或病症为与中枢神经系统的损伤有关的疾病状态。
12.制备权利要求1-5中任一项所述的吲哚-3-丙酸盐的方法,其中所述方法包括在标准条件下使用合适的试剂并在标准条件下使用吲哚-3-丙酸的溶液处理S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸或其药物可接受盐的溶液,并且通过标准技术从所述反应混合物中分离所述吲哚-3-丙酸盐。
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| US201361753300P | 2013-01-16 | 2013-01-16 | |
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| US201361792467P | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | |
| US61/792,467 | 2013-03-15 | ||
| PCT/US2014/011935 WO2014113609A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-01-16 | Stable indole-3-propionate salts of s-adenosyl-l-methionine |
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| CN105073767B true CN105073767B (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
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| EP (1) | EP2945959B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP6479681B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR102186066B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN105073767B (zh) |
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| WO (1) | WO2014113609A1 (zh) |
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| IT201700074957A1 (it) | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-04 | Gnosis Spa | Sale di (ss)-adenosil metionina con inositolo esafosfato e procedimento per ottenerlo |
| US11324774B2 (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2022-05-10 | Augusta University Research Institute, Inc. | Compositions of oral alkaline salts and metabolic acid inducers and uses thereof |
| JP2021046375A (ja) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-03-25 | ポッカサッポロフード&ビバレッジ株式会社 | β3アドレナリン受容体活性化剤 |
| CN117883439A (zh) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | 吲哚-3-丙酸在制备抑制破骨细胞分化药物中的应用 |
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- 2014-01-16 US US14/760,067 patent/US9534010B2/en active Active
- 2014-01-16 KR KR1020157021851A patent/KR102186066B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2016505009A (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
| ES2824807T3 (es) | 2021-05-13 |
| EP2945959A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| KR102186066B1 (ko) | 2020-12-04 |
| EP2945959B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
| US20150344517A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
| WO2014113609A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| KR20150115804A (ko) | 2015-10-14 |
| CN105073767A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| US9534010B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
| JP6479681B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
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