CN105066602A - Double-drying-chamber multifunctional drying device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-functional drying equipment with double drying chambers, which comprises solar photothermal photovoltaic components, a vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generating system, double drying chambers, heating pipeline components and a computer measurement control system, including a sealed drying chamber A, a sealed Drying chamber B; the double-sealed drying chamber is connected to the main vacuum pump and auxiliary vacuum pump through the waste steam circuit, and the superheated steam pipeline is connected to the steam cyclone separator through the electric heater; the circulating water heating pipeline is connected to the hot water storage tank; computer measurement control The system collects the environmental parameters in the double drying chamber, and controls the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system. The invention combines solar drying technology, vacuum drying technology and superheated steam drying technology to fully recycle and utilize the steam generated by the materials in the two-chamber drying to realize low-consumption, high-efficiency, low-temperature, environmental protection and low-cost drying. It can be applied alone or combined to achieve multi-functional drying.

Description

A multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of multi-technology combined drying technology and equipment, in particular to a multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers.

Background technique

Drying has been closely related to people's life since ancient times. The world is currently facing a huge energy crisis. Energy shortages seriously threaten economic development and have become a major problem that the world needs to solve urgently. It is estimated that the world's energy demand will reach 12.889 billion tons of oil equivalent in 2020 and 13.65 billion tons of oil equivalent in 2025. Equivalent, the average annual growth rate is 1.2%. For China, especially in recent years, under the influence of the two major factors of economic scale expansion and large population base, China's energy supply has many problems, and drying operations alone, as one of China's largest energy-consuming households, consume the total national economy. On the other hand, because traditional drying methods such as hot air drying generally use boilers to generate steam, fuel combustion produces smoke and dust emissions, which increases the haze weather and seriously reduces air quality. Therefore, large-scale use of energy-saving or Clean and dry equipment products or systems are imperative. Drying methods range from natural air drying in a self-sufficient closed state to various modern new drying methods, such as vacuum drying, superheated steam drying, vacuum freeze drying, solar drying, and combined drying of two or more drying methods. Different materials; on the other hand, with the development of society, higher requirements are put forward for product quality, drying efficiency and energy efficiency, especially the requirements for zero emission and low cost in the drying process are getting higher and higher , so the application of solar thermal photovoltaic technology to dry heating and power supply can well meet the requirements of zero emission and low operation cost, which also provides a new application path for solar thermal photovoltaic, and provides a new way for solar thermal photovoltaic The development of the industry provides a new development opportunity, which will greatly reduce its production cost. However, the thermal and electrical efficiency of solar thermal photovoltaic is low, the cost is high, and it is greatly affected by the weather and other objective existences. Therefore, in the application, it is necessary to select the drying environment control and drying medium that match it in order to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses. high demands. The development of relevant technologies at home and abroad is briefly introduced as follows.

1. Development of solar photothermal photovoltaic technology and its drying application

As an inexhaustible and inexhaustible energy source, solar energy has great advantages as a dry and clean new energy source. As a dry heat source, solar energy is being researched and applied more and more. Liu Yu, Wang Hai and others researched and developed a high-efficiency solar collector box-type drying room in 2011. The box-type drying system is a closed cuboid brick-concrete structure, facing south from the north, and introducing forced-natural uniform air exhaust technology through the effective combination of fans and chimneys. The daily maximum temperature rise in the solar drying room is 12.5°C, and the daily average temperature rise can reach 6.6°C. The internal temperature is uniform, the grape drying time can be shortened to 20 days, and the green grade rate of raisins is increased by 48.43% compared with the traditional drying method. It is suitable for Drying field of agricultural and sideline products such as fruits and vegetables, Chinese medicinal materials, etc. Zhong Hao and others studied the air source heat pump auxiliary heating solar water heating system. Under the climate conditions in Kunming, a series of tests were carried out on the air source heat pump auxiliary heating solar water heating system, and the thermal power of the system under different operating conditions was analyzed. performance. The test results show that the system has great energy-saving potential, and the daily average COP of the air source heat pump subsystem can reach about 3.8. Li Biansheng, Shen Xiaoxi and others studied a small all-weather solar dryer to solve the problems of long drying process, large footprint, weather control and environmental conditions in the traditional natural sun drying of preserved fruits. The equipment is composed of main parts such as heat collector, drying chamber and blower. It has the functions of heat collection, energy storage and auxiliary heating, and can realize drying modes such as forced convection drying, natural convection drying and greenhouse drying. Du Qiang and Ma Kaien from the Zhejiang Energy and Nuclear Technology Application Research Institute studied the solar photovoltaic photothermal combined heat pump system, using PVT components modified from ordinary commercial solar cells, and established a photovoltaic photothermal combined heat pump experimental system based on this. Among them, the light-optimized power generation technology is to convert the short-wave energy in the solar radiation into electric energy by using the photoelectric effect of the semiconductor element. The conversion efficiency is generally 12% to 17%, but it is greatly affected by the temperature. , its power generation efficiency will decrease by about 0.5%. Photothermal technology directly uses the long-wave thermal radiation of sunlight, which is collected by a heat collector to directly heat the working fluid or object. The heat collector is the core part of solar heat utilization, which can be used for relatively simple non-concentrating low-temperature heat utilization, or can use concentrating structures to achieve higher temperatures to drive turbines, air conditioners, etc. In my country, the direct use of light and heat to produce hot water is relatively popular. This technology is simple and low in cost, but the overall thermal efficiency is not high, and it is even worse in winter or rainy days. An auxiliary heat source such as electric heating is required. A new solar photovoltaic photothermal PVT (PhotovoltaicThermal) combined heat pump system. There are concentrating and non-concentrating types of PVT collectors, and the heat generated is stored in the hot water storage tank. Concentrating and non-concentrating types are required. The hot water generated by the heat collector is used as the heater of the drying equipment.

2. Development of Vacuum Drying Technology

Vacuum drying , also known as analytic drying, is a drying method that puts materials under negative pressure conditions, and appropriately heats them to reach the boiling point under negative pressure, or cools down to make the materials solidify and then dry the materials through the melting point. The melting point and boiling point of the water in the material will decrease with the increase of the vacuum degree under the negative pressure state. At the same time, the vacuum pump is used to dehumidify the gap to reduce the water vapor content , so that the water and other solutions in the material can obtain enough kinetic energy to separate from the surface of the material. Due to the isolation of air under negative pressure, vacuum drying can better maintain the original characteristics of some materials that are easily oxidized and other chemical changes during the drying process. It can also better protect the materials by injecting inert gas and then vacuuming them. Common vacuum drying equipment includes: vacuum drying oven, continuous vacuum drying equipment, etc. There are various methods of vacuum drying , but fundamentally they can be divided into two types: passing through boiling point and passing through melting point. The present invention adopts the boiling point method. During the drying process, the vaporization of liquid moisture has two ways: evaporation and boiling. Water vaporizes much faster when boiling than when evaporating, and the evaporation of water into steam can occur at any temperature. The boiling of water into steam can only be done at a certain temperature, but when the pressure is lowered, the boiling point of water is also lowered. For example, under the pressure of 19.6kPa, the boiling point of water can be reduced to 60°C. The vacuum dryer provides a heat source in a vacuum state, and supplies sufficient heat to the moisture in the material through heat conduction , heat radiation and other heat transfer methods, so that evaporation and boiling proceed simultaneously, and the vaporization speed is accelerated. At the same time, vacuuming quickly extracts the vaporized steam and forms a negative pressure state around the material. A large humidity gradient is formed between the inner and outer layers of the material and between the surface and the surrounding medium , which speeds up the vaporization speed and achieves the purpose of rapid drying . . The vacuum drying process is affected by factors such as heating mode, heating temperature, vacuum degree , coolant temperature, material type and initial temperature, and the magnitude of the compression force. Usually, there are three types of heat supply: heat conduction , heat radiation , and a combination of the two. Way. The process of vacuum drying is to place the dry material in a closed drying room. While vacuuming with a vacuum system, the material to be dried is continuously heated, so that the moisture inside the material diffuses to the surface through the pressure difference or concentration difference, and the water molecules are on the surface of the material. After obtaining enough kinetic energy , after overcoming the mutual attraction between molecules, they escape into the low-pressure space of the vacuum chamber and are then pumped away by the vacuum pump. During the vacuum drying process, the pressure in the drying chamber is always lower than the atmospheric pressure, the number of gas molecules is small, the density is low, and the oxygen content is low, so it can dry materials that are easy to oxidize and deteriorate, flammable and explosive dangerous goods, etc. It can play a certain role in disinfection and sterilization of medicines, food and biological products, and can reduce the chance of material contamination or inhibit the growth of certain bacteria. Because the temperature of water in the vaporization process is directly proportional to the vapor pressure , the moisture in the material can be vaporized at low temperature during vacuum drying , and low-temperature drying can be realized. This is beneficial to the drying of heat-sensitive materials in certain medicines, food and agricultural by-products. If the sugar liquid exceeds 70°C, some components will melt. Appropriate selection should be made during application.

3. Development of Superheated Steam Drying Technology

Superheated steam drying means that superheated steam directly contacts wet materials as a drying medium, and the moisture in the materials is heated and becomes water vapor overflowing. Under the action of the fan, a forced circulation air flow is formed. The heat is mainly transferred to the materials by convection, and the precipitated product An emerging drying method in which moisture is taken away by superheated steam drying medium. Compared with traditional hot air (hot air) drying, it has the characteristics of large heat transfer coefficient, high thermal efficiency, low drying temperature, remarkable energy-saving effect, good quality of dried products, no explosion and fire hazards, and good for environmental protection. It has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. During the drying process, superheated steam passes over the surface of the material as a drying medium, and the heat is transferred to the wet material. The free water on the surface of the material is heated and vaporized, resulting in a difference in the concentration of moisture between the surface and the interior of the material. Under this difference, the internal moisture diffuses from the liquid or gaseous form to the surface, and the vaporized water vapor is carried away by the superheated steam flow. Energy and quality are exchanged between the moisture contained in the material and the superheated steam drying medium. Superheated steam is both a heat carrier and a mass carrier. The whole drying process is in a dynamic process and finally reaches equilibrium. Superheated steam drying is a process in which heat transfer and mass transfer are carried out simultaneously, and the drying rate is controlled by both heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate.

There are two types of superheated steam drying: normal pressure superheated steam drying and vacuum superheated steam drying. Under normal pressure, it is called superheated steam drying at normal pressure; under vacuum, it is called vacuum superheated steam drying. Atmospheric pressure superheated steam drying is formed when the hot air in the drying chamber is gradually replaced by the steam in the material, which will not be described in detail here. The Danish Wood-treating Co. invented the vacuum-superheated steam wood drying kiln. After vacuuming, the kiln uses superheated steam as a drying medium to dry wood. Compared with conventional drying, the drying speed of this new process is 5-10 times faster, and the energy consumption is only 1/5-1/20 of conventional drying. The above superheated steam drying generally needs to be equipped with a superheated steam generator such as a superheated steam boiler or spray water on the material to generate steam first. The specific superheated steam vacuum drying process varies with different conditions (such as the temperature and pressure used are different), but the process principle is the same. Take the practical process of a Japanese manufacturer as an example: firstly, the boiler sprays steam at 150°C into the drying body, the steam pressure is 0.9MPa, and at the same time, the body is evacuated into a high vacuum to remove as much oxygen as possible in the air in the drying body. The pressure in the body should always be kept at 0.2MPa, and this process should be kept for about 2 hours. Then stop steaming, reduce the pressure in the dryer body to a negative pressure state, the pressure is 0.09MPa, and keep this decompression process for 40min. The wood itself is not dried during the whole process, but has the feeling of cooking, the purpose of which is to reduce the internal stress of the wood. Due to the effect of vacuuming, the boiling point temperature of the steam in the body is reduced, and when it reaches about 45°C (instead of 100°C under normal pressure), the moisture in the wood is pumped out, and the temperature inside the body is always maintained at 120°C when the internal pressure of the body is 0.2MPa. ℃.

At present, the application of solar drying technology is independent and has not been combined with other technologies, which greatly limits its development and application. The structure of its drying chamber is mainly related to the application of light and heat, with complex structure and high manufacturing cost. Due to certain limitations, the advantages of solar technology, especially photovoltaic power generation technology, have not been brought into full play.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers. The drying equipment combines the characteristics of solar drying technology, vacuum drying technology and superheated steam drying technology, learns from each other, and fully recycles and utilizes the materials produced in the drying of the two chambers. The steam can achieve low consumption, high efficiency, low temperature, environmental protection, and low cost drying. At the same time, various drying technologies can be applied alone or combined to achieve multifunctional drying, which has extremely high promotion and application value.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers, characterized in that the equipment includes solar photothermal photovoltaic components I, vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system II, double drying chambers and heating pipeline components III, and computer measurement and control system IV. The solar photothermal photovoltaic assembly I includes a heat pump assembly, a PVT assembly, a three-phase inverter and a hot water storage tank, the photovoltaic panel in the PVT assembly is connected to the three-phase inverter, and the heat exchanger in the PVT assembly) cools the solar energy The battery board is also connected to the evaporator in the heat pump assembly for heat exchange, and both the heat exchanger and the heat pump assembly are connected to the hot water storage tank; the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system II includes a main vacuum pump, an auxiliary vacuum pump, and a one-way check valve , pump outlet steam-water separator, steam cyclone separator, pipeline, steam outlet pipeline, pump steam inlet electromagnetic control valve, pump outlet electromagnetic control valve, main vacuum pump and auxiliary vacuum pump through three-phase inverter and PVT components Connection; the main vacuum pump and the auxiliary vacuum pump are connected to the double drying chamber through a one-way check valve, and are connected to the steam cyclone separator through the pump outlet steam-water separator; the steam cyclone separator is connected to the electric heater and electromagnetically controlled through the pump outlet The valve communicates with the double drying chamber; the double drying chamber and heating pipeline assembly III includes a sealed drying chamber A, a sealed drying chamber B, an electric heater, a superheated steam pipeline, a pipeline, a circulating water heating pipeline and a control valve, Sealed drying room A and sealed drying room B adopt a box structure and place materials in layers; sealed drying room A and sealed drying room B are connected to the main vacuum pump and auxiliary vacuum pump through pipelines, and control valves are installed on the pipelines ;The electric heater is connected to the PVT assembly through a three-phase inverter; the superheated steam pipeline and the circulating water heating pipeline are arranged in the sealed drying room A and the sealed drying room B, and the superheated steam pipeline is separated from the steam cyclone by the electric heater The circulating water heating pipeline is connected to the hot water storage tank; the computer measurement control system IV collects the environmental parameters in the double drying chamber, and controls the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system II.

In the present invention, the PVT assembly adopts the form of a PVT heat collector, and the photovoltaic cell panel includes a plastic plate and an aluminum fin, and the plastic plate and the aluminum fin are packaged together with the heat exchange tube into a box with a glass top cover in an insulating belt. An insulation layer is provided around the tube. The main vacuum pump and auxiliary vacuum pump adopt the same model specification. The electric heater is composed of 3 sections of electric heating coils, the electric heating coils are stainless steel quartz electric heating coils, the total length is 0.5-1m, and the temperature of the electric heating coils is 230-270°C.

The basic idea of the present invention mainly includes: (1) Solar thermal photovoltaic is used as the heat source and power supply of the dried material, but the efficiency is low. If the investment area is too large, the cost will be unbearable. For this reason, the combination of vacuum drying technology and overheating Steam drying technology can not only give full play to its advantages of clean and low-cost operation, but also achieve the purpose of low-temperature and high-efficiency drying; (2) Combining vacuum technology with other drying technologies, and operating through the control system according to the characteristics of materials The opening and closing of the valve group at the same time can realize multi-functional drying, such as normal pressure superheated steam drying, vacuum superheated steam drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, etc. The corresponding drying equipment designed and manufactured by this technical method can be applied to the drying of almost all materials; (3) The common drying equipment is a drying room or drying room, which are independent, so most of the waste steam generated by it is directly discharged , recycling must be determined according to the characteristics of the material, sometimes it is more complicated or difficult to realize, resulting in a lot of energy waste, the drying equipment of the present invention has two drying chambers, and the waste discharged from the material can be used mutually. On the one hand, the steam can be discharged in time, and on the other hand, it can be used as a drying heat source and a drying medium; at the same time, the two chambers are not fixed to one drying method, but can also be switched according to the production situation to achieve multiple drying methods. (4) During the drying process of the material, the moisture in the material evaporates as the temperature of the material rises, and more and more steam migrates to the outside of the material. This part of the steam carries a large amount of heat, and most of it is directly discharged to the air The latent heat of the steam is wasted, and the latent heat of the steam is recycled, and the material heating temperature and heating efficiency are improved to a certain extent. In the present invention, the part of the steam is heated to become superheated steam, and is used to heat the material, forming superheated steam for drying, and further improving its heating efficiency. Therefore, solar thermal or photovoltaic technologies are applied separately or jointly to vacuum drying technology to solve the problems of low efficiency and limited application.

The invention adopts solar photovoltaic photothermal technology as a dry heat source or power supply. The electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation technology can be used to heat materials through electric heaters, and can also be used to drive the operation of vacuum pumps and circulating fans; on the other hand, compared with solar heat, solar photovoltaics are more controllable, and can also be directly connected to the grid. Apply solar thermal or photovoltaic technology to the drying system as a heat source or a power source, and decide which one to use according to the actual conditions of the local weather, light, and the characteristics of the material to be dried, as well as the cost and benefit budget. It is conducive to improving efficiency and saving costs.

The vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system can make the drying room in a vacuum environment, and can also process the steam, such as dehumidification, condensation, and recovery of steam latent heat and waste water. If used in conjunction with an electric heater, it can become a superheated steam drying system. . Under vacuum conditions, the higher the degree of vacuum, the lower the boiling point of water, that is, the boiling point of water can be much lower than 100°C. For example, when the degree of vacuum is 90% (that is, the air pressure is 9100Pa), the boiling point of water is 45°C. . Therefore, the solar energy system can easily heat the material to the required temperature to reach the boiling state with less heat, which can greatly increase the evaporation rate of water in the material. When the temperature of the material reaches a certain temperature such as 45°C, under the action of the vacuum pump, the air in the vacuum chamber is pumped out, so that the drying chamber is in a vacuum state. At this time, the material evaporates a large amount of supersaturated steam and is pumped out of the room. After cooling and dehumidification Finally, the excess water in it is removed to become low-temperature saturated steam, and the saturated steam forms low-temperature superheated steam after heating, realizing vacuum superheated steam drying. The heater is an electric heater that adopts solar photovoltaic power generation. Cooler, dehumidifier, vacuum pump, control valve, electric heater, etc. constitute a vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system. The moisture discharged from the dehumidifier is discharged through the pipes set in the wall of the drying room as a heat source, which will further utilize heat energy. The discharged water can also be used for domestic water, flushing toilets, etc. This is the key technology for forming superheated steam drying in the present invention.

Using two drying chambers can make full use of the loading and unloading time and the high-temperature steam directly from the other chamber, sharing a set of vacuum dehumidification system to improve efficiency and reduce investment. In drying production, after new wet materials are installed in the drying room, the temperature of the materials is low and there is less steam in the room. The heat transfer and heating of the materials takes a long time, which increases the working time. A certain amount of steam is required to achieve superheated steam drying. Steam The higher the temperature is, the less heat is required. Therefore, the structure of two sealed drying rooms is adopted. The two rooms share a set of vacuum dehumidification system, and the high-temperature steam in the other room is dehumidified and heated to become relatively high-temperature superheated steam. The high-temperature steam in one room can be used as a heat source in another room, that is, the latent heat of steam can be used mutually. The flow of steam between the two chambers is controlled by a vacuum valve or the like. Because the heating of materials takes a certain amount of time, and the loading and unloading of the two chambers requires a certain amount of time, the loading and unloading time of the two chambers is generally staggered, and in addition, heating also takes time, so the vacuum dehumidification system works at intervals during production and operation. The use of a vacuum system can completely meet the requirements of two-chamber drying, saving investment costs.

The structure of the airtight drying chamber of the present invention first needs to meet the needs of vacuum sealing and heat preservation; secondly, it is designed and constructed in an integrated manner with the heating system structure to make full use of heat energy and reduce its footprint and cost. For convenience of description, the two drying chambers are referred to as drying chamber A and drying chamber B respectively. Take the vacuum superheated steam drying in A room as an example to illustrate the specific working process, process and technical method of the drying equipment of the present invention as follows:

(1) Unloading and loading; (2) Start heating related parts and components. It consists of two parts: one is to use the steam in the B room. Open the valve group and channel of the steam from room B to room A in the vacuum dehumidification system, and start the indoor circulation fan for convection heat exchange to ensure that the material is evenly heated. At this time, the steam in room B is cooled by the vacuum dehumidification system, and then dehumidified Heated by the electric heating coil, it becomes superheated steam, and the convective heat exchange of the material is realized under the action of the fan; the second is to heat the PVT heat exchanger of the solar system and store the hot water in the hot water storage tank through the relevant pipelines and set it in the drying room The material is heated by conduction; the third is the integrated design of the hot water storage tank and the inner wall of the drying chamber, which can radiate and heat the material and the wall of the vacuum chamber. Through the simultaneous use of the above three heating methods, the utilization rate and rapidity of solar heat can be improved; (3) The system is running and vacuumed. In order to achieve low-temperature superheated steam drying, start the vacuum dehumidification system to make the vacuum chamber operate in a vacuum environment; the air in the drying chamber reaches a vacuum degree of more than 90%, and close the relevant valve group to maintain the vacuum state. During this process, a small part (about 3%) of the water in the material will be removed after evaporation; (4) Dehumidification and superheated steam drying. When the material is heated to 45°C, especially when the temperature of the material is close to or reaches 45°C, a large amount of saturated and supersaturated steam will be generated, and the supersaturated steam evaporated from the material will be sucked into the dehumidification system by the vacuum pump (this When the exhaust valve is closed, but the vacuum pump is always running), the steam is condensed and dehumidified, and 99% of the excess water is discharged out of the system to become low-temperature saturated steam, and the steam is sent into the drying room through the steam return pipeline The heater is heated to form low-temperature superheated steam, which directly acts on the material under the action of the circulating fan to generate new supersaturated steam. After the above cycle of "convective heat exchange-cooling-dehumidification-heating", the temperature of the material is further promoted, and the water is gradually discharged out of the system, and the material is gradually dried. (5) Measurement and control The moisture in the material is removed during the drying process, and the measurement and control system mainly measures temperature, humidity and vacuum. Set the upper and lower limits of the vacuum degree to determine the start and close of the exhaust valve group; when the drying is near the end, the moisture content of the indoor water vapor is measured by the temperature and humidity controller (the humidity of the steam is borrowed from the concept of air humidity), Judgment and control system operation.

To sum up, as long as the on-off of the exhaust valve group is controlled by the computer control system, other drying methods can be realized. If the exhaust valve group is opened, it can form normal pressure superheated steam for drying.

The present invention combines solar photothermal photovoltaic technology, vacuum drying technology, and superheated steam drying technology to take their respective strengths together, and fully recycles and utilizes the steam generated by materials in the two-chamber drying, so as to realize low consumption, high efficiency, low temperature, environmental protection, and low consumption. Cost-effective drying, while various drying technologies can be applied alone or combined to achieve multi-functional drying, which has a very high promotion and application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combined solar-thermal-photovoltaic heat pump system in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the PVT module in the present invention.

Detailed ways

A kind of double drying chamber multi-functional drying equipment according to the present invention, the structure schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1 . It is mainly composed of four parts: (1) Solar thermal photovoltaic module I. Solar photothermal photovoltaic modules provide electricity and heat energy for drying equipment. On the one hand, it is used for heating required for drying materials, and the temperature of materials rises to evaporate moisture from materials; on the other hand, it is used for vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation systems of electricity. (2) Vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system II. This is the most important component of the drying equipment described in the present invention, and it is a system that realizes various functions of the drying equipment described in the present invention; (3) Drying chambers A, B and heating pipeline assembly III. The structural design of the drying chambers A and B is generally determined according to the characteristics of the materials. Now a box-type structure is adopted and the materials are placed in layers according to the distribution. (4) Computer measurement control system IV. It mainly collects the environmental parameters in the drying chambers A and B, and uses them to control the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system, and realize the application of multifunctional drying technology. The specific embodiment of the present invention is described as follows in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

The solar thermal photovoltaic module I adopts the solar photovoltaic photothermal combined heat pump system researched by Du Qiang and Ma Kaien of Zhejiang Energy and Nuclear Technology Application Research Institute to ensure the uninterrupted energy required for drying. It mainly consists of heat pump assembly 25 (optional), PVT assembly 26, three-phase inverter 27, hot water storage tank 28 and other components. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a photovoltaic photothermal combined heat pump system, and Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a PVT module 26, which is briefly explained as follows: the equipment of the present invention mainly needs thermal energy, so a PVT system in the form of a PVT heat collector is adopted Component 26. The PVT heat collector is very similar to a conventional solar heat collector, it encapsulates the solar cell (made of plastic plate 263 and aluminum fins 262) and the heat collecting part (heat exchange tube 261) into the insulation belt glass In the case of the top cover 264, and using thermal insulation material (insulation layer 265), this form has relatively high thermal efficiency, but the electrical efficiency is relatively low due to the influence of reflection from the glass top cover. The heat exchanger 301 in the PVT module 26 is completely integrated with the solar panel, and the installation is very convenient. The photovoltaic panel is connected to the three-phase inverter 27 to directly supply power to the grid; the PVT heat exchanger 301 cools the solar panel, and its circulating waterway (the direction of the water in the waterway is controlled by the three-way control valve 303 and the one-way valve 304, as shown in the figure The direction of the middle arrow) exchanges heat with the evaporator of the heat pump 25; the auxiliary ground source heat exchanger 302 stores excess heat in summer to keep the temperature of the solar panel from being too high. The principle of photovoltaic photothermal combined heat pump module I is: when the solar cell is working normally, use the working fluid to take away its excess heat, and use the heat in other ways. In this system, the second heat exchange working medium and heat pump are introduced. Although the heat transfer temperature difference loss is increased, the actual system construction is more convenient by using a heat exchanger that combines the solar cell cooler and the heat pump evaporator. , the difficulty of processing and manufacturing is reduced, and it is convenient to realize a photovoltaic-photothermal integrated system. In addition, the introduction of the second heat transfer medium also provides room for flexible processing to meet the heating demand and battery cooling requirements at the same time. If it is combined with the ground source heat exchanger 302, when the heat is very surplus in summer, the excess heat energy is exchanged to the ground for storage, and in winter or continuous rainy and low temperature, the heat pump 25 uses the ground source heat exchanger 302 as the cold end to take out heat Heat is supplied to the water tank 24 . When snow covers the solar panels in winter, the system can be manually switched to reverse operation to supply heat to the solar cells to melt the ice and snow, eliminating the need for dangerous manual snow removal or waiting for several days.

Vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system II is mainly composed of main vacuum pump 5, auxiliary vacuum pump 15, one-way check valve 6, pump outlet steam-water separator 7, steam cyclone separator 9, and steam inlet pipeline 4 (steam inlet pipeline) And the steam outlet pipeline 8, the electromagnetic control valve 3 of the steam inlet of the pump, and the electromagnetic control valve 10 of the steam outlet of the pump. The main and auxiliary pumps of the vacuum system are beneficial to meet the requirements of the system for vacuum degree. Simultaneous start is mainly used for the following working conditions: 1) When A or (and) B chamber starts to vacuum, in order to ensure a certain efficiency, the vacuum pump 5 , 15 start at the same time; 2) start at the same time when the steam pressure in the vacuum chamber reaches a certain value; 3) start at the same time to speed up the drying process. Other situations mainly start the main vacuum pump 5 . For the convenience of application and emergency use, the main and auxiliary vacuum pumps can use the same model specification, so that the main and auxiliary vacuum pumps can be used in a mixed and average manner. The working power of the vacuum pump is related to the vacuum degree, the size of the vacuum chamber and other factors. The selection of the vacuum pump is determined according to the professional curve chart, which will not be detailed here. It is recommended to choose the 2BV series, which is easy to use, small in size and easy to maintain. The check valve 6 is mainly used to prevent the soda-water and pump oil from backflowing and cannot maintain the vacuum when the vacuum pump is stopped; Installed to reduce floor space; the steam-water separator 9 (QF type) is used to separate the condensed liquid and steam in the steam, turning the wet steam into clean and dry steam, and the air in it is discharged through it. Mouth discharge. The condensed liquid is used as domestic water (but not for food or domestic water related to food), and is directly discharged from the soft water pipe.

Double drying chamber and heating pipeline assembly III includes sealed drying chamber A, sealed drying chamber B, electric heater 11, superheated steam pipeline 17, waste steam pipeline 4 (waste steam circuit), circulating water heating pipeline 19 and Control valve. The sealed drying chambers A and B are box-type in structure. Specifically, first design its strength and structure according to the vacuum force requirements; secondly, use a variety of materials, mainly 2mm steel plate as the outer layer, 5# angle steel and 10# I-beam as the middle support, 1mm stainless steel plate as the inner layer or Ordinary steel plate is coated with anti-rust paint, etc. as the inner layer, and the above layers can be welded into a whole. In order to prevent indoor heat loss, an asbestos insulation layer is added between the two iron plates; the door generally adopts a swing door structure, and sealing materials such as sealing strips and sealants are used to seal between the door and the door frame, and are compressed with a common compression structure. Tight, locked. The specific design can be changed according to the requirements to meet the requirements of different materials. Because it is not the main content of the present invention, it will not be described in detail here.

When the steam in chamber A (or B) is extracted by pipeline 4, vacuum pump 5 (10), and steam-water separator 7, it becomes supersaturated steam, and after passing through pipeline 8 and cyclone separator 9, most of the steam becomes saturated steam After being heated by the electric heater 11, it becomes superheated steam. Open the electromagnetic control valve 10 according to the drying method and process requirements, return to room A or (and) B, and flow through the superheated steam pipes with 1mm holes every 300mm. 17. Form multi-functional drying such as superheated steam. Among them, the electric heater 11 is directly powered by the PVT solar panel through the inverter 27. Its structure is composed of three sections of electric heating coils (so that it is convenient to directly use three-phase AC wires for wiring), and the electric heating coils are stainless steel quartz electric heating coils (total 0.5～ 1m long), the temperature of the electric heating coil is about 230-270°C, and the steam in the tube is heated to about 160-210°C. Under the control of the electromagnetic control valve 2, the hot water in the hot water tank 28 directly heats the material 21 through the circulating water heating pipelines 19 in the chambers A and B respectively, and is pumped back into the hot water tank 28 by the water pump 24 , At this time, heat recovery heating is realized.

Computer measurement and control system IV is mainly composed of temperature and humidity sensor, three-phase contact vacuum gauge, SIMENSPLC controller, SIMENS touch screen, A/D converter and processing circuit, electromagnetic control valve coil (control voltage 24V), motor coil and other parts. Among them: the temperature and humidity sensor measures the temperature, the analog measurement signal is converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter and sent to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller sends out control instructions for the vacuum pump and water pump motor coils and electromagnetic control valve coils according to the drying process ;The three-phase contact vacuum gauge measures the vacuum degree and sends out the master switch control signal for the vacuum pump and water pump according to the set upper and lower limits; through the working schematic diagram on the touch screen, the selection of working mode, automatic and manual switching, working parameters and control parameters can be realized The setting and selection of the system, the start and stop of the system and other operations; the selection of electronic components and circuit design are generally determined according to the requirements of the drying system, and will not be described in detail here.

The realization and control mode of multifunctional drying, the relationship between the drying working mode and the coil of the electromagnetic control valve are shown in attached table 1. The operation control of the solenoid valve is related to the A and B rooms. When A or B is not working, the corresponding solenoid valve is closed. The operation of the water pump is related to the operation of the entire drying chamber, such as drying chambers A and B are not working before closing.

Attached table 1: Drying working mode and electromagnetic coil on-off relationship table (+on;-off)

The present invention combines solar photothermal photovoltaic technology, vacuum drying technology, and superheated steam drying technology to take their respective strengths together, and fully recycles and utilizes the steam generated by materials in the two-chamber drying, so as to realize low consumption, high efficiency, low temperature, environmental protection, and low consumption. Cost-effective drying, while various drying technologies can be applied alone or combined to achieve multi-functional drying, which has extremely high promotion and application value.

Claims (4)

1. A multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers, characterized in that the equipment includes solar thermal photovoltaic modules (I), vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system (II), double drying chambers and heating pipeline components (III) and a computer measurement control system (IV), the solar photothermal photovoltaic assembly (I) includes a heat pump assembly (25), a PVT assembly (26), a three-phase inverter (27) and a hot water storage tank (28), the PVT The photovoltaic panel in the module (26) is connected with the three-phase inverter (27), and the heat exchanger (301) in the PVT module (26) cools the solar panel and exchanges heat with the evaporator in the heat pump module (25) connection, the heat exchanger (301) and the heat pump assembly (25) are connected to the hot water storage tank (28); the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system (II) includes a main vacuum pump (5), an auxiliary vacuum pump (15), One-way check valve (6), pump outlet steam-water separator (7), steam cyclone separator (9), pipeline (4), steam outlet pipeline (8), pump inlet electromagnetic control valve (3) 1. The pump outlet electromagnetic control valve (10), the main vacuum pump (5) and the auxiliary vacuum pump (15) are connected to the PVT assembly (26) through the three-phase inverter (27); the main vacuum pump (5) and the auxiliary vacuum pump (15 ) is communicated with the double drying chamber through the one-way check valve (6), and connected with the steam cyclone separator (9) through the pump outlet steam-water separator (7); the steam cyclone separator (9) is connected with the electric heater (11) Connect and communicate with the double drying chamber through the electromagnetic control valve (10) at the pump outlet; the double drying chamber and heating pipeline assembly (III) includes a sealed drying chamber A, a sealed drying chamber B, an electric heater (11), The superheated steam pipeline (17), the pipeline (4), the circulating water heating pipeline (19) and the control valve, the sealed drying chamber A and the sealed drying chamber B adopt a box-type structure and place materials in layers; Drying chamber A and sealed drying chamber B are connected to the main vacuum pump (5) and auxiliary vacuum pump (15) through the pipeline (4), and a control valve is provided on the pipeline (4); the electric heater (11) is connected through a three-phase inverter The inverter (27) is connected to the PVT assembly (26); the superheated steam pipeline (17) and the circulating water heating pipeline (19) are set in the sealed drying room A and the sealed drying room B, and the superheated steam pipeline (17) passes through The electric heater (11) is connected to the steam cyclone separator (9); the circulating water heating pipeline (19) is connected to the hot water storage tank (28); the computer measurement and control system (IV) collects the environmental parameters in the double drying chamber, and Control the vacuum dehumidification and superheated steam generation system (II). 2. The multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the PVT module (26) is in the form of a PVT heat collector, and the photovoltaic battery board includes plastic plates and aluminum fins, plastic plates and aluminum fins It is packaged together with the heat exchange tubes into a box with a glass top cover, and an insulation layer is provided around the heat exchange tubes. 3. The multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main vacuum pump (5) and the auxiliary vacuum pump (15) adopt the same model and specification. 4. The multifunctional drying equipment with double drying chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric heater (11) is composed of three sections of electric heating coils, the electric heating coils are stainless steel quartz electric heating coils, the total length is 0.5-1m, and the temperature of the electric heating coils It is 230-270°C.