CN1050640A - 一种氧化物超导材料的制备法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 carbonic acid quaternary ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005285 chemical preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APBDREXAUGXCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetraethylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC APBDREXAUGXCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WJZPIORVERXPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetramethylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C WJZPIORVERXPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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Abstract
以碳酸季铵盐为沉淀剂,化学沉淀法制取
LnBa2Cu3O7-x金属氧化物超导材料的前驱物。
沉淀剂由季铵氢氧化物与CO2作用而得,并调
整至主要含CO3 -,而仅部分含有OH-或HCO3 -,在
弱碱性条件下并流,正加、反加均可获得高分散度的
沉淀。经快速升温,氧气氛下高温保温及慢速降温,
不必再经研磨和灼烧即可一次制得良好性能的超导
材料。
Description
本发明属于金属氧化物超导材料制备方法领域。
本发明的Ln Ba2Cu3O7-x(其中x=0.5~0.1)金属氧化物超导材料具有正交晶系钙钛矿结构,包含CuO2二维面和氧离子缺位在固定方向上有序排列的CuO一维链,多数采用氧化物或碳酸盐经研磨混合后再高温灼烧的固相反应制备法。由于机械研磨的平均颗粒度大致为103nm,因而,为使固相反应充分完全,只得多次重复以上的研磨和灼烧的操作。在这种情况下,开始重视了在分子水平进行反应的化学制备法。欧洲专利Ep0313148(1989年)公开了一种在碱性条件下以H2C2O4加KOH混合溶液为沉淀剂,制作YBa2Cu3O7-x高温超导体的方法。该方法得到的前驱物的粒度约3×103nm,成分是YBa1Cu3(OH)3(OX)2O3H2O,证实由Y(OH)3,2BaOX和3CuO组成,由此看来,该方法的实际结果与传统的固相反应法相当相似。美国Argonne国家实验室的H、H、Wang及A、M、Kini等在Inorg,Chem,1987、26、1474和Inorg,Chem,1987、26、1834上描述了一种以K2CO3为沉淀剂制备YBa2Cu3O7-x高温超导体的方法,他们证实碳酸盐沉淀法制得的沉淀的组成比草酸盐法更接近预定的化学配比,因而是更有效的方法。但是未提及所含K+清除的难易,及残留少量K+对超导性能的影响,而据P、B、Himelfarb等在J,Catal,1985、93、442介绍,类似的铜系碱性碳酸盐的除K+,需经20次的洗涤,相当费事,而且,即使经这样繁琐的处理之后,仍未证实,残留K+对超导材料在临界电流密度JC等方面的严格要求,已不构成不良的影响。
本发明旨在开发一种一次灼烧即可制成高JC氧化物超导材料的化学制备法。
发明的详细说明:
本发明的化学法选用碳酸季铵盐为沉淀剂,所说的碳酸季铵盐由〔(R1R2R3R4)N〕2CO3定义,式中R1,R2,R3和R4分别是C1~C4的烷基,R1、R2、R3和R4可以相同,也可以不同,所说的碳酸季铵盐可以由相应的季铵氢氧化物(R1R2R3R4)NOH和CO2作用,转化为〔(R1R2R3R4)N〕2CO3和〔(R1R2R3R4)N〕HCO3,然后再以(R1R2R3R4)NOH
调节,使沉淀剂主要由〔(R1R2R3R4)N〕2CO3组成,而只含少量季铵碳酸氢盐或氢氧化物。所说的季铵碳酸盐和季铵氢氧化物最好是四甲基碳酸铵〔(CH3)4N〕2CO3和四甲基氢氧化铵〔(CH3)4N〕OH,还可以是四乙基碳酸铵〔(C2H5)4N〕2CO3和四乙基氢氧化铵〔(C2H5)4N〕OH。所说的季铵碳酸盐还可以由相应的季铵卤化物经离子交换,制得季铵氢氧化物,而后再按以上方法转化而成。
本发明所涉及的超导材料LnBa2Cu3O7-x(x=0.5~0.1)中的Ln指的是Y、Ho、Er、Sm、Nd、Eu、Gd、Dy、Tm、Yb和Lu中之一种,最好是Y,或Ho,或Eu。取Ln的硝酸盐水溶液与硝酸铜,硝酸钡或者铜、钡的醋酸盐的水溶液配成混合水溶液,使其中Ln∶Ba∶Cu=1∶2∶3,在剧烈的搅拌下加入上述沉淀剂,于PH=7~12,最好是8~10的条件下,得到均匀的沉淀。
沉淀经过滤和1~2次洗涤后,在110°~120℃的烘箱中干燥12~16h,然后置管式炉中灼烧,按150~200℃/h的速率升至850~950℃,最好是910~940℃,保温5~15h,最好为8~12h,并通入用5A分子筛和固体NaOH除去CO2和水份的氧气。降温阶段仍继续保持氧气气氛,以10~60℃/h,最好是20~30℃/h的速率降至650~750℃,最好是700~730℃,保持3~10h,最好是5~7h,然后再按同样的速率冷却至室温。样品取出后立即投入干燥器内;抽空保存。这种只经一次灼烧的试样,X射线宽化法检测得知其平均粒度为35nm,四极阻抗测试得TC=91~93K,JC≈250A/cm2。
本发明的碳酸季铵盐沉淀法,具有Ln3+、Ba2+、Cu2+的碳酸盐沉淀完全,又不引入可能危害超导性能的其他阳离子的优点,而且由于颗粒度细小,高温反应迅速彻底,故一次灼烧,而不必反复研磨和热处理,即可制得具有良好超导性的材料,这对制作氧化物超导薄膜是很有好处的。
下面由实施例进一步说明本发明:
实施例1:
称取99.5%纯度的Ba(NO3)23.29g,加热溶于40ml去离子水中,并入由0.500MY(NO3)312.5ml及1.230MCu(NO3)215.3ml组成的混合溶液中,保持55℃,作为溶液A。
称22g25%的(CH3)4NOH于500ml抽滤瓶中,加去离子水440ml,通CO24h,尔后每隔15分钟取样滴入酚酞指示剂,至显无色。取出336ml加17g25%的(CH3)4NOH,搅匀,作为溶液B。
溶液A和溶液B并流滴加,保持50℃,强烈搅拌,PH都维持于7.5,60℃下继续搅拌2h,冷却后过滤,滤并于120℃下干燥16h。
干燥后试样于管式炉中加热至930℃,升温速率为200℃/h,通入除去CO2和水份的氧气,在930℃下维持10h,然后以30℃/h的速率降至700℃,保温3h,再按同样的速率降至室温,得到黑色粉末,XRD检测证实为正交晶系结构,超导性能测定结果是Tc=92K,△Tc=1K,Jc=250A/cm2。
实施例2:
称Cu(CH3Coo)2、H2O6.0g,Ba(CH3Coo)25.1g及0.977MY(NO3)310.3ml,加H2O90ml,制成溶液A。
称34g25%(CH3)4NOH于抽滤瓶中,加去离子水150ml,通CO24h,而后每隔15min取出少量试样加酚酞指示剂至显无色。取132ml,加25%(CH3)4NOH27g,搅匀,作为溶液B。
搅拌下溶液A与溶液B同时滴加混合,维持50℃,PH恒定于8.0±0.1,60℃下继续搅拌2h,冷却后过滤,用200ml去离子水洗两次,滤并于120℃干燥16h,分析表明它的组成是Y Ba2Cu3(OH)3(CO3)5-5H2O,滤液经ICP/AES(电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱)分析证实其中的Cu2+小于0.03%。测得Tc=93K,Jc=216A/cm2。
实施例3:
称Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O6.0g,Ba(CH3COO)25.1g及0.977MY(NO3)310.3ml,加去离子水80ml,制成溶液A。
称137g10%的(C2H5)4NOH于抽滤瓶中,加去离子水350ml,通入CO24h,取样加酚酞指示剂直至无色,取390ml加入109g10%的(C2H5)4NOH,搅匀,作为溶液B。
将溶液B一次性地迅速倾倒于溶液A中,室温下搅拌2h,静置4h后过滤,滤并的干燥与灼烧同例1。
XRD检测结果无杂相,Tc=91.6K,Jc=236A/cm2。
实施例4~7:
按例2制取溶液A。
取50g(CH3)4NCl加150ml H2O,让其流经201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂,而后用去离子水冲洗,流出液检测无Cl-,收集流出液,于50℃下抽空浓缩至0.3M,尔后的通CO2等操作同实施例2,得溶液B。
将溶液A快速倾侧于溶液B中,并用沉淀剂将沉淀液的PH调节为8.0,9.0,10.0和12.0,沉淀的老化,干燥、灼烧等操作同实施例1,所得结果列于下表。
Y Ba2Cu3O7-x的制作条件和XRD谱
实施例8:
称Cu(CH3COO)1·H2O6.0g,Ba(CH3COO)25.1g,及0.273MHO(NO3)336.6ml,加去离子水90ml,制成溶液A。
称34g25%(CH3)4NOH于抽滤瓶中,加去离子水350ml,通CO24h,取样加酚酞指示剂至无色。取278ml,加25%(CH3)4NOH27g,搅匀,作为溶液B。
将溶液A一次倾入溶液B中,室温下搅拌2h,静置4h后过滤,滤并的洗涤,干燥与灼烧同例1。
ICP/AES检测结果:HO∶Ba∶Cu=1∶0.95∶1.63表明存在着HO2Ba CuO5的杂相,Tc=90.3K。
Claims (5)
1、一种LnBa2Cu3O7-x(X=0.5~0.1)超导材料的制备方法,它是用一种沉淀剂,在一定的PH值条件下,把Ln,Ba,Cu元素的离子沉淀下来,过滤后,经过高温灼烧而制成的;本发明的特征是,所说的Ln元素是Y,Ho,Er,Sm,Nd,Eu,Gd,Dy,Tm,Yb和Ln中之一种,所说的沉淀剂是一种由[(R1R2R3R4)N]2CO3定义的季铵碳酸盐,式中R1,R2,R3,R4分别是C1~C4的烷基,R1,R2,R3,R4可以相同,也可以不同,最好是相同,并且都是甲基或者乙基,所说的沉淀PH值是7-12,最好是8-10,所说的灼烧,最高温度是850~950℃,最好是910~940℃,升温速度是150~200℃/h,在最高温度区保温5~15h,最好是8~12h,降温速度是10-60℃/h,最好是20-30℃/h,降至650~750℃,最好是700~730℃时保持3-10h,最好是5-7h,然后按同样的降温速率冷却至室温。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是所说的Ln元素是Y或Ho或Eu。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是所说的季铵碳酸盐是四甲基碳酸盐或四乙基碳酸盐。
4、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是所说的沉淀pH值是8-10。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是所说的灼烧,最高温度是910-940℃在最高温度区保温8-12h,降温速度是20-30℃/h,降至700~730℃时,保持5-7h。
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CN1050640A true CN1050640A (zh) | 1991-04-10 |
CN1021672C CN1021672C (zh) | 1993-07-21 |
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CN100389471C (zh) * | 2005-08-16 | 2008-05-21 | 孙万海 | 超导电材料及其制备方法 |
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CN100389471C (zh) * | 2005-08-16 | 2008-05-21 | 孙万海 | 超导电材料及其制备方法 |
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