A kind ofly improve functional pharmaceutical chemistry of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance and preparation method thereof and feeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding soft-shell turtle field, relate in particular to and a kind ofly improve functional pharmaceutical chemistry of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance and preparation method thereof and feeding method.
Background technology
Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann is commonly called as Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, is a kind of oviparity amphibian reptile, lives in water-bed silt of being everlasting.Soft-shelled turtle nourishing enriches, and is rich in the trace element such as the protein (comprising collagen protein, keratin etc.) of high-quality, unsaturated fatty acid, multivitamin and calcium, ferrum, copper, zinc, the enriching yin and nourishing kidney of Sanguis Trionycis meat energy, and heat clearing away disappears silt, spleen-and-stomach-invigorating.The head of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, first, bone, meat, ovum, gallbladder, fat all can be used as medicine, especially contained vitamin B1, B2, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, melanin free radical etc. are the healthy ingredients that international medical community generally acknowledges antioxidation, anticancer, defying age and raising immunologic function, and therefore Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann is rare tonic good merchantable brand.
Along with the breakthrough of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann raising technology and the development of artificial controlled replenishing vital QI with drugs of warm nature Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann technology, China's breeding soft-shell turtle industry is fast-developing, and within 2013, national Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann total output reaches more than 30 ten thousand tons, estimates at least to need soft-shelled turtle feed about 350,000 tons every year, the output value about 4,000,000,000 yuan.At present, in breeding soft-shell turtle field, during water temperature more than 20 DEG C, the only above female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann of specification 500g/ has to oestrus and chases and mating behavior, and the egg-laying season started to terminate to mid-August from late May, reach about 4 months, every only female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann lays eggs 3 times ~ 4 times, average every only female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann year egg laying amount about 70 pieces, a large amount of energy can be consumed during this period, body weight increasess slowly, for very uneconomical cultivation commodity Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann.
And at present, also do not improve the research report of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance aspect.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the functional pharmaceutical chemistry that a kind of cost is low, safe and reliable, be incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance of throwing something and feeding, can effectively improve.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of functional pharmaceutical chemistry improving female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, by weight, following raw material is comprised: flowers and plants 20-26 of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) 18-22, full Chinese juniper beach wormwood 18-22, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis 12-16, Stigma Croci 8-12, Huang Shi 4-6, chitosan 4-6, choline chloride 0.1-0.2.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, comprise the following steps: flowers and plants of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi), full Chinese juniper beach wormwood, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Stigma Croci, Huang Shi mixing, be crushed to particle diameter≤10um, then add chitosan, choline chloride, mix homogeneously.
The present invention also provides the feeding method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of described raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, comprise the following steps: the ratio of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of female for described raising Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance 1:100 is in mass ratio incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed, and be fully uniformly mixed, then make soft pellet diet throw something and feed specification 500g/ only more than female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, day feeding volume is 3% ~ 5% of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann gross weight in breeding water body, throw something and feed continuously 12 days to the beginning of June at the bottom of May, monthly throw something and feed 7 days later, to terminate the middle ten days and the last ten days to JIUYUE.
Flowers and plants of washing are Dicotyledoneae herbaceos perennial, open white little Hua, bitter in the mouth, containing flowers and plants alkaloids of washing, flowers and plants flavonoid medical substance of washing, to female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann throw something and feed containing 0.3% ~ 0.5% flowers and plants powder of washing, find Ovarian Volume reduce, follicle reduce.
Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) is perennial herb Boraginaceae puccoon, containing acetylshikonin, beta-hydroxyisovalerylshiderivative, shikonin, β, β '-dimethylacrylshikonin etc., female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann oestrous cycle and ovulation can be suppressed.To throw something and feed Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) powder to female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, find that in ovary, follicle reduces, uterine tubal epithelium has little cavity and steatosis phenomenon.
Stigma Croci is Iridaceae crocus napiform root class herbaceous plant, and containing crocetin, crocin, crocetin diformazan cheese, Picrocrocin, volatile oil, in addition containing compounds such as terpilene dihydrochloride, pinene, multivitamin and thiamines.Crocin class material is the activity of T suppression cell protein kinase and the expression of proto-oncogene also, regulate the balance between plasminogen activator and Plasminogen activator inhibitor, effectively can suppress the activity of oxygen-derived free radicals and xanthine oxidase, show good antioxidation biology active; Crocetin can reduce cholesterol and increase lipid metabolism; The proteoglycan extracted can prompt activation Protein kinase C and NF-kappa β, promotes the activity of macrophage.Therefore Stigma Croci has stronger immunomodulating and anti-invasion function, strengthens cellular immunization, humoral immunization.
Full Chinese juniper beach wormwood is Cucurbitaceae, Fructus Trichosanthis Cucumeroidis belongs to, perennial herb dioecism liana, containing triterpenoid saponin, lauric acid and myristic acid, resin, saccharide and pigment.Tool is anticancer, antibacterial, eliminating impediment, clearing heat and moistening lung, dissipation acute mastitis effect, can improve the immune function of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann.
Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis is Dicotyledoneae, Ranales, schisandra plant, containing volatile ingredient Sesquicarene., β-chamigrene, α, nopinene, geraniol acetate, linalool, lignanoids and organic acid.Also containing citral, chlorophyll, sterol, vitamin C, vitamin E, saccharide, resin and tannin.Can enhancing body to the defence capability of nonspecific stimulation, stable, antibacterial, guarantor's kidney hepatoprotective.
Huang Shi is containing the various trace elements such as Saponin, sucrose, polysaccharide, several amino acids, folic acid and selenium, zinc, copper, significantly can increase the total white blood cells in blood, promote phagocytic function and sterilizing ability, the enhancing cellular immunization of neutrophilic granulocyte and macrophage, promote that PHA, COnA, PWM (lymphocyte transformation caused, promote erythrocytic specific volume, increase erythrocyte number, promote the renewal of serum and hepatic protein, strengthen motility of sperm.
Chitosan has excellent biocompatibility, has antimicrobial acivity, activated lymphocyte, improves immunity, regulates lipid metabolism and reduces the different physiological roles such as blood fat, cholesterol.
Choline chloride is the important component part of animal lecithin, can promote fatty transport, improve adipose metabolism, participate in nerve conduction, has display work effect to enhancing development, raising meat egg quality, reduction food consumption.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. the raw materials used Common Chinese Herbs, safe and reliable of being of the present invention, can guarantee the quality safety cultivating Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, and its source is wide, advantage of lower cost, and is throw something and feed in soft-shelled turtle feed with comparatively small scale blending, and aquaculture cost is low, is suitable for promoting;
2. the present invention by raw material pulverizing to particle diameter≤10um, cell-wall breaking ratio is greater than 95%, these traditional Chinese medicinal material raw materials are after micronizing, its bioactive ingredients retains, but granularity is trickleer, even, area increases, porosity increases, and adsorptivity and dissolubility strengthen, and effective ingredient can be made directly to expose, be easier to effective ingredient stripping, during medicine can disperse preferably, be dissolved in gastric juice (solid emulsifying), increase the contact area with gastric mucosa, thus more easily by gastrointestinal absorption, strengthen drug effect, substantially increase bioavailability;
3. the present invention effectively can suppress the growth promoter of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann gonad and ovum, reduce the consumption of reproduction energy, improve the growth performance of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann period of sexual maturity is obviously postponed, every average year increases weight 318.6 grams, and more common female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance improves 22%.
To sum up, the present invention uses Chinese medicine medicines compatibility to add and throws something and feeds, can on the basis not affecting Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann quality, suppress the growth promoter of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann gonad and ovum, promote that body weight increases, improve growth performance, guarantee the quality and the quality safety that cultivate Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, improve composite culture benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
General description is carried out to the material used in the present invention's experiment and experimental technique in this part.Although for realizing many materials that the object of the invention uses and operational approach is well known in the art, the present invention describes in detail as far as possible at this.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that hereinafter, if not specified, material therefor of the present invention, equipment and operational approach are well known in the art.
Embodiment 1
Improve a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, by weight, comprise following raw material: flowers and plants 26 of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) 20, full Chinese juniper beach wormwood 20, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis 16, Stigma Croci 10, Huang Shi 6, chitosan 4, choline chloride 0.2.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, comprise the following steps: flowers and plants of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi), full Chinese juniper beach wormwood, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Stigma Croci, Huang Shi mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 10um, then adds chitosan, choline chloride, mix homogeneously.
Embodiment 2
Improve a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, by weight, comprise following raw material: flowers and plants 23 of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) 18, full Chinese juniper beach wormwood 22, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis 12, Stigma Croci 12, Huang Shi 4, chitosan 5, choline chloride 0.15.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, comprise the following steps: flowers and plants of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi), full Chinese juniper beach wormwood, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Stigma Croci, Huang Shi mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 9um, then adds chitosan, choline chloride, mix homogeneously.
Embodiment 3
Improve a functional pharmaceutical chemistry for female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, by weight, comprise following raw material: flowers and plants 20 of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi) 22, full Chinese juniper beach wormwood 18, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis 14, Stigma Croci 8, Huang Shi 5, chitosan 6, choline chloride 0.1.
The preparation method of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of above-mentioned raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance, comprise the following steps: flowers and plants of washing, Radix Arnebiae (Radix Lithospermi), full Chinese juniper beach wormwood, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Stigma Croci, Huang Shi mixing, being crushed to particle diameter is 8um, then adds chitosan, choline chloride, mix homogeneously.
Embodiment 4
Culture efficiency contrast experiment
The present embodiment is outstanding in Anhui to carry out with auspicious aquaculture company limited cultivation base; The commodity Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann pool area 3 mu ~ 5 mu of ecologic breeding does not wait, the dark 1.5m ~ 1.8m in pond, depth of water 1.0m ~ 1.5m, the wide 1m ~ 3m of dike, levee slope compares 1:3, sandy silt 20 ~ 5cm at the bottom of pond, takes to put and makes food platform with wooden frame and close net, and color steel watt the anti-of laying escapes wall height 0.5m.
Breeding process is as follows:
On May 25th, (1) 2012 starts, and selects the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann in greenhouse 15000, and average size 610g/ only, on average puts 535 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; On May 26th, 2013 starts, and selects the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann in greenhouse 28000, and average size 635g/ only, on average puts 596 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; On June 3rd, 2014 starts, and selects the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann in greenhouse 40000, and average size 628g/ only, on average puts 645 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; Be divided into two groups, one group of functional pharmaceutical chemistry admixing the raising female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance of the embodiment of the present invention 1 in soft-shelled turtle feed is not admixed the present invention improve the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance as a control group as experimental group, another group in soft-shelled turtle feed, other cultivating condition is identical, carries out the ecologic breeding of commodity Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann;
(2) throwing is raised: Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann entered pond after 2 days, start in experimental group, the ratio of the functional pharmaceutical chemistry of female for described raising Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance 1:100 is in mass ratio incorporated in soft-shelled turtle feed, and be fully uniformly mixed, then making particle diameter is that the soft pellet diet of 0.5cm ~ 1.0cm is thrown something and fed Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, every morning 10:00, afternoon, 17:00 respectively threw something and fed once, from throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed continuously 12 days, monthly throw something and feed continuously the beginning of the month 7 days later, until JIUYUE is stopped the middle ten days and the last ten days, along with water temperature rises gradually, daily ration, feeding quantity increases gradually, but day feeding volume need control Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann gross weight in breeding water body 3% ~ 5% between, matched group is thrown something and fed the identical soft-shelled turtle feed of equivalent, described soft-shelled turtle feed is breeding soft-shell turtle field common feedstuffs, directly buys from market,
(3) water quality management: remove the residual bait (if there is) on food platform in time, avoid polluted water, used 40 × 10 every 20 days
-6the lime water full pool spilling head of concentration, sterilizing, regulates pH, changes water in good time, keep good breeding water body environment;
(4) diseases prevention and treatment: the principle of adhering to " putting prevention first, Comprehensive Treatment ".The Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann put in a suitable place to breed need through high by 20 × 10
-6enter pond after potassium permanganate solution dipping 10min, regularly the Chinese herbal medicine ultra-fine powder of use heat-clearing and toxic substances removing is mixed to raise and is thrown something and fed, and reduces or without antibiotics, to alleviate the infringement of this type of medicine to liver, kidney, reduces the Drug resistance of pathogenic microorganism in Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann body;
For regular with the herbal control Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann disease of heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, threw in a pharmaceutical chemistry every 15 days, within 3 days ~ 5 days, be a course for the treatment of, the Chinese herbal medicine powder 500g of micronizing mixed by every 50kg feedstuff.Pharmaceutical chemistry prescription is: add Folium Artemisiae Argyi 200g, neem fruit leaf 100g, pine needle powder 100g, Flos Lonicerae 50g, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 50g in every 50kg feedstuff; Or Radix Isatidis 200g, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 100g, Herb Gynostemmae Pentaphylli 100g, Fructus Forsythiae 50g, Folium Isatidis 50g.
Cultivation result is as follows:
Experimental group puts female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 41500 for 3 years altogether in a suitable place to breed, and only, every year through the cultivation of about 115 days, every annual increases weight 318.6 grams, average survival 96.2% to average size 624.3g/.Matched group puts the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 41500 of same size in a suitable place to breed, and every average year increases weight 232 grams, and compare, experimental group growth performance on average improves 22%;
The sampling statistics result display of experiment: experimental group cultivates female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann period of sexual maturity and obviously postpones, generally lay eggs to the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann just finding that there is maturation at the beginning of late July, 8 months, the egg laying amount average out to of every nest 7.6 pieces, and the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann quantity of laying eggs obviously is less than matched group; Matched group mid or late June just finds that there is ripe female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann and lays eggs, every nest egg laying amount average out to 12.4 pieces, and spawning colony is obviously greater than experimental group;
Within 2012, experimental group puts average size 610g/ female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 7500 only in a suitable place to breed, on average puts 535 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, gathers in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 6550kg altogether, survival rate 95.8%, on average every specification 911.6g, the average 301.6g that often only increases weight; Matched group puts the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann of same size, quantity in a suitable place to breed, gathers in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 5470kg altogether, survival rate 85.2%, on average every specification 856g, the average 246g that often only increases weight.Compare matched group, experimental group output increased 19.7%;
Within 2013, put average size 635g/ female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 14000 only in a suitable place to breed, on average put 596 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, gather in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 13075kg altogether, survival rate 97%, on average every specification 962.8g, the average 327.8g that often only increases weight; Matched group puts the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann of same size, quantity in a suitable place to breed, gathers in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 10668kg altogether, survival rate 88.5%, on average every specification 861g, the average 226g that often only increases weight.Compare matched group, experimental group output increased 22.6%;
Within 2014, put average size 628g/ female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 20000 only in a suitable place to breed, on average put 645 in a suitable place to breed for every mu, gather in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 18285kg altogether, survival rate 95.8%, on average every specification 954.3g, the average 326.3g that often only increases weight.Matched group puts the female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann of same size, quantity in a suitable place to breed, gathers in the crops Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann 14774kg altogether, survival rate 86.7%, on average every specification 852g, the average 224g that often only increases weight.Compare matched group, experimental group output increased 23.8%.
As can be seen from above experimental result, the functional pharmaceutical chemistry that the present invention improves female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann growth performance significantly can suppress the growth promoter of female Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann gonad and ovum, improves its growth performance.
Be to be understood that example as herein described and embodiment only in order to illustrate, those skilled in the art can make various amendment or change according to it, when not departing from spirit of the present invention, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.