CN105025847A - 假体附接锁 - Google Patents

假体附接锁 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105025847A
CN105025847A CN201480010447.5A CN201480010447A CN105025847A CN 105025847 A CN105025847 A CN 105025847A CN 201480010447 A CN201480010447 A CN 201480010447A CN 105025847 A CN105025847 A CN 105025847A
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lock
attachment
locking component
component
receptive cavity
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杰弗里·布朗
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Medi GmbH and Co KG
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Medi GmbH and Co KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/80—Sockets, e.g. of suction type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5016—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable
    • A61F2002/502—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable for adjusting length
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2/7812—Interface cushioning members placed between the limb stump and the socket, e.g. bandages or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2002/785—Pads, e.g. relief pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2002/7875—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump with releasable ratchets or pegs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0041—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels or rivets, e.g. connecting screws
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0006—Devices for aligning wing and frame; Anti-rattling devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0013—Followers; Bearings therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0046—Ratchet mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0053—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices means providing a stable, i.e. indexed, position of lock parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0053—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices means providing a stable, i.e. indexed, position of lock parts
    • E05B15/008—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices means providing a stable, i.e. indexed, position of lock parts friction type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/0053—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices means providing a stable, i.e. indexed, position of lock parts
    • E05B2015/0066—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices means providing a stable, i.e. indexed, position of lock parts axially operated

Abstract

一种用于假肢的附接锁(27)，包括壳体(28)，该壳体具有供假体锁销(13)插入的开口(32)。锁定构件(29)安装在壳体(28)内并且可释放地布置成紧固已插入的锁销(13)。锁(27)包括用于沿已插入的锁销(13)的轴线调节锁定构件(29)相对于壳体(28)的位置的装置(35)。

Description

假体附接锁
技术领域
本发明涉及用于假肢的附接锁。
背景技术
在残肢与假肢的连接中使用假体接受腔(prosthetic socket)，假体接受腔由具有所要求的载荷承载能力的足够坚硬的材料制成。典型地，在残肢与接受腔之间放置内衬。内衬通常为卷绕在残肢上的柔性材料。可使用各种类型的内衬并且这些内衬可用于不仅保护残肢的皮肤并且向佩戴者提供舒适。称为锁紧内衬的一些内衬构造为具有连接至附接锁的锁销。所述附接锁用于将接受腔连接至内衬。
可使用很多不同类型的附接锁。最通常使用的锁为棘轮式锁(棘齿锁，ratchet-type lock)或者离合器式锁。存在各种不同类型的锁销，最适合的类型根据所使用的锁的类型来选择。栅格锁销(rastered locking pin)典型地用于棘轮式锁并且这些锁销具有沿着轴的倾斜的锯齿状突起(锯齿)。当栅格销插入至棘轮式锁时，锯齿状突起推动锁定构件至一侧。一旦锯齿移动经过锁定构件，锁定构件就移回至原始位置。栅格销具有防止栅格销被拉出所述锁的平坦边缘。本发明已开发成主要用于棘轮式锁和栅格锁销，尽管可以想到其不局限于此种应用。
大多数假体接受腔被制造成具有在其中模制的附接锁。使用安装联接器将附接锁连接至假肢。该附接锁和安装联接器可作为单个单元或者分离的不同构件使用。单个锁-联接器单元大致与玻璃加强层压式接受腔一起使用，其中所述单元层压至布料层和纤维层以构成接受腔的远端，从而获得足够的重量承载能力。在需要热塑性接受腔时，通常使用分离的锁和联接器，联接器被结合至另外的“外部”接受腔中。在上述每一种情况下，为了接近/进入附接锁和/或安装联接器，接受腔必须被切开。
必须被考虑的一个重要因素是假肢与假体接受腔的定向。这在大腿接受腔(股骨部位接受腔，trans-femoral socket)中尤其重要，在大腿接受腔中必须确定假肢相对于接受腔的定向以优化膝关节轴线。采用这些已有的接受腔难于实现优化的定向，因为附接锁在制造期间形成在接受腔中。因此在完成安装评估前必须选择方向，从而不是针对特定的患者定制的。
为了保证安全和舒适的连接，假体接受腔必须定制以适应残肢的形状。可获得由不同材料并且使用不同方法制成的接受腔。这不可避免地导致接受腔具有不同的厚度。具有锁销结构的适当安装的假肢要求锁销完全插入至锁中。对于栅格销和棘轮式锁而言，该完全插入以引起两个锯齿状突起之间的锁定的自由游隙是常见的。较小量的自由游隙是可接受的，但是过大的自由游隙则会导致严重的问题。首先，该自由游隙提供了松弛的连接，使得在患者行走时，残肢可能在接受腔内上下移动(称为活塞式运动)。第二，它会产生不希望的噪音，这对于患者来说是很麻烦且尴尬的。第三，该自由游隙会导致销和锁定构件的过早磨损，这可能最终导致锁的失效。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种能够解决至少一些上述问题的附接锁。
根据根本发明，提供了用于假肢的附接锁，其包括：
-壳体，该壳体具有供假体锁销插入的开口；
-锁定构件，其安装在壳体内并且可释放地布置成紧固已插入的锁销；和
-用于沿已插入的锁销的轴线调节锁定构件相对于壳体的位置的装置。
锁定构件可包括棘轮式锁，并且本发明将以这种类型的锁作为重点进行描述，尽管可以想到也可使用其它类型的合适的锁。
附接锁布置成使得它便于轴向地调节已插入的锁销可被保持的位置。通过这种方式，可以做出精细的调节以使得优化锁定构件与锁销的两个锯齿状突起之间的自由游隙。
本发明尤其适于在假体接受腔安装评估期间使用，尽管应理解其不局限于此种应用并可结合至确定的接受腔中以用于长期使用。
假体锁销可设置在假体内衬的远端。附接锁用于将残肢间接地或直接地连接至假体接受腔。优选地，壳体包括安装构件，所述安装构件可释放地构造成将附接锁连接至假体接受腔，以使得锁销可插入至所述开口。安装构件也合适地构造成用于可释放地或永久地附接至假肢。如此，附接锁相对于假体接受腔的对准性对于确保假肢在患者上的合适定位是很重要的。
安装装置能以多种方式构造以将附接锁连接至接受腔。优选地，接受腔在远端形成供锁销插入的孔并且安装装置构造成用于安装至接受腔，以使得接受腔的孔和壳体的开口对准。形成有贯穿安装构件的至少两个孔，其中每一个孔构造成将安装构件附接至假体接受腔。当然可提供两个以上的孔，并且最可能使用四个孔。在接受腔中形成相应的孔，并且通过使用合适的紧固件例如螺母和螺栓来紧固安装构件可将附接锁安装至接受腔。这种布置的优点是接受腔中的安装孔不是预先形成的，而相反的是，该安装孔可在假肢的安装期间被钻出。通过这种方式，可通过在所述接受腔中形成孔之前转动附接锁来选择附接锁在接受腔上的最优定向。这对于很多大腿接受腔而言尤其有用，在大腿接受腔中，假肢相对于接受腔的定向必须确定成用以优化膝关节轴线，并且用于将假肢连接至附接锁的连接适配器不具有转动的功能。优选地一夹紧件设置在接受腔中，以在夹紧件的远端提供用于紧固附接锁的安装紧固件的结构。也可在夹紧件上设置柔性密封环以支承插入的内衬的远端。密封环优选由粘弹性类型的材料制成，使得它可以遵循患者内衬的形状。
优选地，用于调节锁定构件相对于壳体的位置的装置包括具有选定厚度的间隔件，该间隔件设置在锁定构件和壳体之间。通过这种方式，可选择具有最合适的厚度的间隔件以确保两个锯齿状突起之间的锁定构件的优化的自由游隙量。另外，或可替代地，所述装置可包括多个具有相同或不同厚度的间隔件。取决于所述锁定构件被降低还是被升高，所述间隔件或每一间隔件可设置在锁定构件的上方和/或下方。为了强化稳定性和确保锁定构件相对于锁销的均一的自由游隙量，间隔件具有与所述开口对准的孔是有利的。
附接锁优选包括释放构件，释放构件可操作地连接至锁定构件并且能够操作以便从已插入的锁销释放锁定构件。释放构件使得锁销能够从附接锁上断开连接并且允许患者以快速简单的方式去除附接锁。在附接锁连接至接受腔和假肢的情况下，通过释放构件的简单操作，患者可以快速和简单地拆卸假肢。为了重新附接假肢，患者仅插入锁销至附接锁中，以使得锁销与锁定构件接合。
在一个优选布置中，释放构件包括可释放地连接至锁定构件的杆。以这种方式，杆可为带螺纹的，锁定构件构造成使得杆与其接合。有时，假体接受腔覆盖有掩饰性泡沫材料，可释放的锁定构件的布置结构允许(通过切割或其它形式)选择杆的长度以适应掩饰性泡沫材料的深度。当不使用泡沫材料时，所述杆能被切短以允许所述杆隐蔽地贴紧安装在接受腔下方。
所述杆可压入至附接锁以推动锁定构件至一侧并因而允许锁销在附接锁内的轴向向上运动。优选在杆上设置按钮或旋钮以帮助其操作。在锁定构件被固定在锁定位置时，锁定构件和杆的直接联接可仅通过有力地轻拍按钮确保锁定构件可被释放。相反地，如果锁定构件被固定在打开位置，锁定构件可通过将所述杆拉离附接构件而重新接合。
由于外来物质进入锁定构件而导致产生对假体附接锁的破坏是常见的。本发明的锁定构件优选具有封闭设计，因此防止了灰尘或杂物进入锁定机构。
本发明的附接锁解决了与假体接受腔的远端的厚度变化相关的问题。附接锁可被容易地移除而不对接受腔造成损坏并且可被维修或替换。这在假体接受腔安装评估期间尤其有利，在这种情况下可针对患者专门定制最适当地选择的部件而没有损坏不合适部件。本发明还适于与确定的接受腔且实际上与由不同材料制成的接受腔一同使用，所述接受腔包括热塑性接受腔和玻璃加强的接受腔。假肢相对于接受腔的方向也可针对患者专门定制。
附图说明
仅通过示例的方式，现在将参照附图详细地描述本发明的附接锁的一个具体实施例，图中：
图1是本发明的连接至接受腔的附接锁的截面主视图；
图2是附接锁的底侧视图；
图3是连接至接受腔的附接锁的截面分解视图；和
图4是附接锁的分解视图。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1，示出了连接至患者(未示出)的残肢11的假体内衬10。内衬10具有加强的远端12，所述远端12构造成用于假体锁销13的连接。锁销13是具有连接件14的栅格锁销，连接件14螺纹连接至内衬10中的螺纹衬套10内并且粘附在螺纹衬套10上以增加安全性。肩部15沿着轴的长度将连接件14与倾斜的锯齿状突起(锯齿)18隔开。每一锯齿状突起18由倾斜部分19和平坦边缘20限定。
图1和图2示出了股骨部位的假体接受腔21，所述接受腔21由坚硬的材料制成并且定制为与患者的残肢11的形状和构造相适应。接受腔21具有形成在远端23的、用于容纳锁销13的开口22。安装孔24也穿过接受腔21的远端23而形成。具有贯穿形成的开口26的环形夹紧板25位于接受腔内并且具有与安装孔24对准的孔33。柔性密封环34位于夹紧板上方。密封环由类似于泡沫的材料制成，并且布置为适应内衬10的形状，以提供对残肢11的支承。
现在参照所有的附图，附接锁27将接受腔21连接至内衬10，并且包括壳体28，壳体内含有锁定构件29。锁定构件29包括棘轮式锁，所述棘轮式锁具有连接至弹簧31并且构造为与锁销13的锯齿状突起18接合的棘爪构件30。在附接锁27中形成开口32，开口允许内衬10的锁销13插入至附接锁中并且与锁定构件29的棘爪构件30接合。设置有释放构件以使棘爪构件30从锁销13的锯齿状突起18上脱离，并且释放构件包括杆39，杆39可释放地连接至棘爪构件30并且在一端具有可手动操作的按钮40。
附接锁27包括用于沿着插入的锁销的轴线调节锁定构件相对于壳体位置的装置，并且在附图中该装置包括两个间隔件35。间隔件35定位在锁定构件29和壳体28之间以减少棘爪30和两个相邻的锯齿状突起18之间的自由游隙量。这用于避免活塞式运动和不希望的噪音。在这种布置中，间隔件具有与形成在附接锁27中的开口32对准的开口36，且所述间隔件设置在锁定构件29下方以相对于壳体28提升构件29。
在壳体28的远端处设置有角锥形的适配器37，该适配器用于连接假肢(未示出)至附接锁27。壳体28包括用于将附接锁27安装至接受腔21的安装孔38。在优选实施例中，接受腔21中的安装孔不预先形成，而是在接受腔21的安装过程中被钻出，从而可针对患者专门设定附接锁27相对于接受腔的方向。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于假肢的附接锁，包括：
-壳体，该壳体具有供假体锁销插入的开口；
-锁定构件，该锁定构件安装在壳体内并且可释放地布置成紧固已插入的锁销；和
-用于沿已插入的锁销的轴线调节锁定构件相对于壳体的位置的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的附接锁，其中，壳体包括安装构件，该安装构件可释放地构造成将附接锁安装至假体接受腔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的附接锁，其中，形成有贯穿安装构件的至少两个孔，每一个孔构造成用于将安装构件附接至假体接受腔。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的附接锁，其中，用于调节锁定构件的位置的装置包括具有选定厚度的间隔件，所述间隔件设置在锁定构件和壳体之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的附接锁，包括多个间隔件。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的附接锁，其中，间隔件具有与所述开口对准的孔。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的附接锁，还包括释放构件，该释放构件可操作地连接至锁定构件并且能够操作以便从已插入的锁销释放锁定构件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的附接锁，其中，释放构件包括可释放地连接至锁定构件的杆。
9.根据权利要求8所述的附接锁，其中，所述杆具有螺纹并且与锁定构件接合。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的附接锁，其中，锁定构件包括棘轮式锁。
CN201480010447.5A 2013-02-26 2014-02-06 假体附接锁 Pending CN105025847A (zh)

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GBGB1303341.0A GB201303341D0 (en) 2013-02-26 2013-02-26 Prosthetic attachment lock
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PCT/GB2014/050339 WO2014132029A2 (en) 2013-02-26 2014-02-06 Prosthetic attachment lock

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CN108742958A (zh) * 2018-04-03 2018-11-06 西安交通大学 一种柔性自适应假肢接受腔
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CN112245076A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-01-22 北京星辰之翼科技有限公司 一种残肢硅胶套连接杆与假肢连接件的连接结构
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GB201303341D0 (en) 2013-04-10

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