CN105010038A - Method for comprehensively preventing and treating damping off of tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for comprehensively preventing and treating the damping off of tomato. The method includes ecological treatment by applying 20-30 kg per mu of organic fertilizer in base fertilizer, applying Woyiduo 200-250ml HYT-A, 250-350ml HYT-B and 100-120ml HYT-C per mu, applying 2-4 times for entire growth period, applying 20-25g per mu of traditional Chinese medicine trace fertilizer one month before maturation of tomato; agricultural preventing and treating; biological control; biological preventing and treating by applying 0.3% of polyoxin aqueous solution diluted by 300 times; physical preventing and treating; and chemical preventing and treating. The method employs ecological treatment, agricultural preventing and treating, biological control, biological preventing and treating, physical preventing and treating, and chemical preventing and treating measures to greatly reduce the incidence rate of the damping off of tomato. Good effect is ensured, and survival rate of tomato seedlings is increased.

Description

A kind of method for integrated control of tomato seedling damping-off

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for integrated control of tomato seedling damping-off, belong to tomato extermination of disease and insect pest field.

Background technology

Damping off is the important disease of one of tomato.All there is generation various places.Cause a large amount of dead seedling, general field dead plant rate reaches 30%-40%, falls ill heavy to reach 80%.Seedling Stage all can be fallen ill.Sick seedling stem foot browning, thin satin is shunk in rear sick portion, and cauline leaf withers vertical withered; Slightly large seedling is wilted daytime, and night recovers, and when scab was around stem one week, seedling is withered gradually, general non-lodging.Mainly to cause harm root on the downside of the basal part of stem of seedlings or nursery tomato or ground, sick portion just in crineous, after around stem foot or rhizome expansion, cause cortex and rot, conducting tissue interrupts, and overground part blade turns yellow, after Fruit because of nutrient supply falls short of demand wilt gradually withered.

Tomato seedling damping-off prevention and controls:

(1) strengthen seedbed management, note improving ground temperature, science is leaked informaton, and prevents seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray high temperature, super-humid conditions occurs.

(2) cruel aqua 4000 times of liquid in 0.04% tongue a one-legged monster in fable element are sprayed seedling stage, or 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, strengthen plant premunition.

(3) seed treatment 30% benzene saliva cyanogen cream, 1000 times of immersion bubble seeds were with medicine vernalization or live after 6 hours.

(4) seedbed or the process of seedling-cultivating tray medicine soil, can alone 40% seed dressing two pulvis, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, also can with 40% pcnb and tmtd river intermixture, with every square metre of seedbed dispenser 8g process soil, first medicament is added the mixing of 5kg fine earth during process, lower berth 1/3, upper cover 2/3. dish seedling blight single-shot district, when alone five atmosphere nitrobenzene preventive effects are not high, can rod man equivalent tmtd or seed dressing pair.Chloropicrin method with plastic film can be adopted in addition, namely after whole furrow every 30cm bitter for the atmosphereization of 2-4ml deep placement at 10-15cm place, Bian Shibian blinding.Rear land used membrane cover furrow are all executed 1 week, sowing or field planting again after 12-15 days of ventilating.

(5) their early stage sprays 20% tolelofos-methyl missible oil (rizolex), 1200 times of liquid, or 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent, 500 times of liquid, or 15% dislikes mould Lingshui Spring agent 40 times of liquid.When broken disease, damping off mixing occur.Available 72.2% general aqua 800 times of liquid of making every effort to overcome add 50% thiram wettable powder, 800 times of liquid sprays, pasture rice 2-3L, depending on the state of an illness every 7-10 days once, and control 2-3 time continuously.

Existing prevention and controls is single, effectively can not avoid the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, and has a strong impact on the survival rate of tomato seedling, and then affects the output of tomato.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of method for integrated control of tomato seedling damping-off, solve existing prevention and controls single, effectively can not avoid the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, have a strong impact on the problems such as the survival rate of tomato seedling.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention:

A method for integrated control for tomato seedling damping-off, comprises the following steps:

One, ecological management:

(1) use decomposed manure, use 20-30kg for every mu;

(2) use fertile benefit many, the usage amount of every mu is HYT-A 200-250ml, HYT-B 250-350ml and HYT-C100-120g, and whole breeding time uses 2-4 time;

(3) start to use Chinese medicine trace the ripe previous moon tomato fertile, every mu of usage amount is 20-25g;

Two, cultural control:

(1) excellent resistant varieties is selected;

(2) select anosis, full, healthy and strong seed, and carry out seed and soil disinfection process;

(3) enhance field management, improve and do a quality wholely, regulate ceiling height or width in time;

(4) ventilation condition in improvement garden, avoids seedbed humidity excessive, especially indentation easily flood ground;

(5) strengthen seedbed management, improve ground temperature, leak informaton in time, prevent seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray high temperature, super-humid conditions occurs;

Three, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:

(1) strengthen the control to soil insect, reduce wound and infection;

(2) strengthen field administration of health, weed a garden and the residual body of diseased plant, reduce pathogeny and invade channel;

Four, biological control:

(1) 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid spray application;

Five, physical control:

(1) diligent inspection, find that primary infection focus should be pulled out immediately, the powder that limes around diseased plant carries out disinfection;

Six, chemical control:

(1) with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid or 25% first frost Propamocarb or the spraying of 58% first frost MnZn, 500 times of liquid, prevented and treated every 7-10 days, use 2-3 time continuously.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the concrete using method that described fertile benefit is many is: add HYT-A200-250ml and HYT-B250-350ml and stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C100-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the concrete using method that described fertile benefit is many is: add HYT-A200ml and HYT-B 300ml and stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 100g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: described Chinese medicine trace is fertile, according to parts by weight, by medical stone powder 50-60 part, ginkgo biloba p.e 1-2 part, Artemisinin 6-8 part, Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract 3-4 part, Honegsukle flower P.E 1-2 part, isatis root extract 3-5 part, Herba Agrimoniae extract 4-5 part forms.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the using method that described Chinese medicine trace is fertile: every mu of 20-25g, add water 50kg foliage spray.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: described excellent resistant varieties is No. one, excellent powder, new beautiful scenery or No. 1, golden brightness.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the preparation method of described decomposed manure:

(1) by 100 milliliters, liquor and EM stoste 50 milliliters, the high activity dried yeast 3-5g of 100 milliliters, clear water and honey or brown sugar 20-40 gram, spirituosity 30% ~ 35%, the formula of black-koji mould powder 1-2g, is mixed with reserve liquid;

(2) by air-dry for people, animal ight soil to water content be 30% ~ 40%;

(3) get straw, cornstalk and green grass etc., be cut into the particle of long 1 ~ 5 centimetre, add a small amount of rice bran uniform mixing, make bulk thing during compost;

(4) by bulk thing, medical stone powder and ight soil 10:5:100 mixing and stirring by weight, and grow up on concrete floor upper berth 6 meters, wide 1 ~ 5 meter, the fertilizer of thick 20 ~ 30 centimetres heap;

(5) on fertilizer heap, sprinkle one deck rice bran or wheat bran thinly, and then spill reserve liquid, every 1000 kilogram of fertilizer spill 1000 ~ 1500 milliliters;

(6) in the same way, repave the second layer above, each composting paving 3-5 layer, builds plastic film fermentation above, stirs once, stir 3 ~ 4 times and just can complete, obtain decomposed manure when temperature is raised to 45 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C in fertilizer heap.

Mostly fertile benefit in the present invention is a kind of bio-bacterial manure, develops according to rhizosphere soil microecology principle, plant nutrition physiological principle and the basic conception in modern times " organic farming ".Comprise HYT-A, HYT-B and HYT-C tri-kinds.

The soil azotobacter that HYT-A is nontoxic by 18 kinds, no pathogenicity is highly active form, the probiotics of Various Functions is prepared into microbial inoculum, after activated expansion is numerous, be applicable to each vegetative period of multiple soil environment and crop, root directly to crops provides important nutrient as nitrogen, potassium and basic inorganic mineral nutrition.Special efficacy: one is that to make fertilizer efficiency rate high, balanced nutrients, stablely improves utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility, and the lasting period can reach more than 4 months.Two is optimize soil ecology structure, administer harden, pollute, acidifying and salinization soil Be very effective.Three is to formation biological control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease mechanism, anti-dead, anti-continuous cropping effect gives prominence to.Four is automatic regulating crop growth, growth-promoting root, strong sprout, raising tea yield and quality.

HYT-B is from biological hydrolysis marine organisms thing cephalothorax crust, the later stage dissolution process of liquid by fermentation.Special efficacy: be rich in 19 kinds of L-amino acid, mineral matter and natural polymerses, can directly for microorganism and plant growth provide nutrition.There is the booster action of control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease.Crops well developed root system can be promoted fast, strengthen leaf photosynthesis and crop disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability; Strong sprout, healthy tree, increase yield, oil recovery enhancement.

HYT-C is rich in high-purity, high-load chitin and chitinase induced activity thing.Special efficacy: for HYT-A edaphon bacterium itself and crops provide nutrition; Can activate, inducing plant and microorganism biological generate biology enzyme, the disease-resistant factor such as organic acid, alkaloid, control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease in a large number; Meanwhile, can promote that beneficial bacterium flood tide expands fast numerous, can plant growth be stimulated again.

Medical stone powder: medical stone grinds, fineness 300-400 order.

Ginkgo biloba p.e: ginkgo leaf pulverizes 50-100 order, uses 75% ethanol, extracts twice, solid-liquid ratio 1:10-12, temperature: 40-50, and Vacuum Concentration is dry.

Artemisinin: be 1:20g/mL at solid-liquid ratio, Extracting temperature 50 DEG C, under the process conditions of extraction time 2.5h, extract benzinum, refluxing extraction, Vacuum Concentration is dry, granularity 60-80 order.

Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract: tarragon dry, pulverize, water extraction, solid-liquid ratio 1:12, extracts three times, temperature 60, each 2h, merging filtrate, dry.

Honegsukle flower P.E: honeysuckle pulverizes 50-100 order, uses 60% ethanol, extracts twice, solid-liquid ratio 1:10-12, temperature: 40-50, and Vacuum Concentration is dry.

Isatis root extract: 60-80 order pulverized by Radix Isatidis, 75% ethanol, solid-liquid ratio 1:8, Extracting temperature 50-60, extracts twice, dry.

Herba Agrimoniae extract: hairyvein agrimony pulverizes 50-100 order, uses 60% ethanol, extracts twice, solid-liquid ratio 1:10-12, temperature: 40-50, and Vacuum Concentration is dry.

Spore content >=10,000,000,000 effectively alive in every gram of black-koji mould powder/gram.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The present invention adopts the measures such as ecological management, cultural control, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, biological control, physical control and chemical control, significantly reduces the tomato seedling damping-off incidence of disease, respond well, improves the survival rate of tomato seedling.

Adopt fertile beneficial many and that Chinese medicine trace is fertile combinations effectively can improve the biological bacterium colony of soil structure and soil, effectively reduce the tomato seedling damping-off incidence of disease, raising tomato yield and quality.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Comparative example

Adopt the prevention and controls inside background technology

Embodiment 1

A method for integrated control for tomato seedling damping-off, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

One, ecological management:

(1) decomposed manure 20kg is used, the preparation method of decomposed manure:

(1) by 100 milliliters, liquor and EM stoste 50 milliliters, the high activity dried yeast 3-5g of 100 milliliters, clear water and honey or brown sugar 20-40 gram, spirituosity 30% ~ 35%, the formula of black-koji mould powder 1-2g, is mixed with reserve liquid;

(2) by air-dry for people, animal ight soil to water content be 30% ~ 40%;

(3) get straw, cornstalk and green grass etc., be cut into the particle of long 1 ~ 5 centimetre, add a small amount of rice bran uniform mixing, make bulk thing during compost;

(4) by bulk thing, medical stone powder and ight soil 10:5:100 mixing and stirring by weight, and grow up on concrete floor upper berth 6 meters, wide 1 ~ 5 meter, the fertilizer of thick 20 ~ 30 centimetres heap;

(5) on fertilizer heap, sprinkle one deck rice bran or wheat bran thinly, and then spill reserve liquid, every 1000 kilogram of fertilizer spill 1000 ~ 1500 milliliters;

(6) in the same way, the second layer is repaved above, each composting paving 3-5 layer, build plastic film fermentation above, stir once when temperature is raised to 45 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C in fertilizer heap, stir 3 ~ 4 times and just can complete, obtain decomposed manure, use 20kg for every mu;

(2) use fertile benefit many, add HYT-A150ml and HYT-B350ml and stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C80g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, water root after stirring, whole breeding time uses 2-4 time;

(3) start to use Chinese medicine trace the ripe previous moon tomato fertile, Chinese medicine trace is fertile in parts by weight, medical stone powder 50 parts, ginkgo biloba p.e 2 parts, Artemisinin 7 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract 4 parts, Honegsukle flower P.E 2 parts, isatis root extract 4 parts, Herba Agrimoniae extract 5 parts, the using method that Chinese medicine trace is fertile: every mu of 20g, add water 50kg times of foliage spray;

Two, cultural control:

(1) select excellent resistant varieties, excellent resistant varieties is No. one, excellent powder, new beautiful scenery or No. 1, golden brightness;

(2) select anosis, full, healthy and strong seed, and carry out seed and soil disinfection process;

(3) enhance field management, improve and do a quality wholely, regulate ceiling height or width in time;

(4) ventilation condition in improvement garden, avoids seedbed humidity excessive, especially indentation easily flood ground;

(5) strengthen seedbed management, improve ground temperature, leak informaton in time, prevent seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray high temperature, super-humid conditions occurs;

Three, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:

(1) strengthen the control to soil insect, reduce wound and infection;

(2) strengthen field administration of health, weed a garden and the residual body of diseased plant, reduce pathogeny and invade channel;

Four, biological control:

(1) 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid spray application;

Five, physical control:

(1) diligent inspection, find that primary infection focus should be pulled out immediately, the powder that limes around diseased plant carries out disinfection;

Six, chemical control:

(1) with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid or 25% first frost Propamocarb or the spraying of 58% first frost MnZn, 500 times of liquid, prevented and treated every 7-10 days, use 2-3 time continuously.

Adopt prevention and controls of the present invention, effectively prevented and treated the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, relative to comparative example, the survival rate more than 99.5% of tomato seedling, tomato yield improves 15%, and product quality significantly promotes.Through the control of one or two years, there is not tomato seedling damping-off in plot.

Embodiment 2

Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is: every mu of decomposed manure 25kg, and it is HYT-A 200ml, HYT-B 300ml and HYT-C 100g that beneficial many usage amounts are irrigated on every mu of ground;

Adopt prevention and controls of the present invention, effectively prevented and treated the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, relative to comparative example, the survival rate more than 99.5% of tomato seedling, tomato yield improves 18%, and product quality significantly promotes.Through the control of one or two years, there is not tomato seedling damping-off in plot.

Embodiment 3

Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is: every mu of decomposed manure 30kg, and it is HYT-A 180ml, HYT-B 250ml and HYT-C 120g that beneficial many usage amounts are irrigated on every mu of ground;

Adopt prevention and controls of the present invention, effectively prevented and treated the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, relative to comparative example, the survival rate more than 99.5% of tomato seedling, tomato yield improves 17%, and product quality significantly promotes.Through the control of one or two years, there is not tomato seedling damping-off in plot.

Embodiment 4

Substantially the same manner as Example 2, difference is that Chinese medicine trace is fertile, according to parts by weight, by medical stone powder 55 parts, ginkgo biloba p.e 1 part, Artemisinin 8 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract 3 parts, Honegsukle flower P.E 1.5 parts, isatis root extract 3 parts and Herba Agrimoniae extract 4 parts composition; The using method that Chinese medicine trace is fertile: every mu of 23g, add water 50kg foliage spray;

Adopt prevention and controls of the present invention, effectively prevented and treated the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, relative to comparative example, the survival rate more than 99.5% of tomato seedling, tomato yield improves 16%, and product quality significantly promotes.Through the control of one or two years, there is not tomato seedling damping-off in plot.

Embodiment 5

Substantially the same manner as Example 3, difference is that Chinese medicine trace is fertile, according to parts by weight, by medical stone powder 60 parts, ginkgo biloba p.e 1.5 parts, Artemisinin 6 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract 3.5 parts, Honegsukle flower P.E 1 part, isatis root extract 5 parts, Herba Agrimoniae extract 4.5 parts composition; The using method that Chinese medicine trace is fertile: every mu of 25g, add water 50kg foliage spray;

Adopt prevention and controls of the present invention, effectively prevented and treated the morbidity of tomato seedling damping-off and spread, relative to comparative example, the survival rate more than 99.5% of tomato seedling, tomato yield improves 17%, and product quality significantly promotes.Through the control of one or two years, there is not tomato seedling damping-off in plot.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a method for integrated control for tomato seedling damping-off, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

One, ecological management:

(1) use decomposed manure, use 20-30kg for every mu;

(2) use fertile benefit many, the usage amount of every mu is HYT-A 200-250ml, HYT-B 250-350ml and HYT-C100-120g, and whole breeding time uses 2-4 time;

(3) start to use Chinese medicine trace the ripe previous moon tomato fertile, every mu of usage amount is 20-25g;

Two, cultural control:

(1) excellent resistant varieties is selected;

(2) select anosis, full, healthy and strong seed, and carry out seed and soil disinfection process;

(3) enhance field management, improve and do a quality wholely, regulate ceiling height or width in time;

(4) ventilation condition in improvement garden, avoids seedbed humidity excessive, especially indentation easily flood ground;

(5) strengthen seedbed management, improve ground temperature, leak informaton in time, prevent seedbed or seedling-cultivating tray high temperature, super-humid conditions occurs;

Three, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:

(1) strengthen the control to soil insect, reduce wound and infection;

(2) strengthen field administration of health, weed a garden and the residual body of diseased plant, reduce pathogeny and invade channel;

Four, biological control:

(1) 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid spray application;

Five, physical control:

(2) diligent inspection, find that primary infection focus should be pulled out immediately, the powder that limes around diseased plant carries out disinfection;

Six, chemical control:

(1) with metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 600-800 times of liquid or 25% first frost Propamocarb or the spraying of 58% first frost MnZn, 500 times of liquid, prevented and treated every 7-10 days, use 2-3 time continuously.

2. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete using method that described fertile benefit is many is: in 15 premium on currency, add HYT-A200-250ml and HYT-B250-350ml and stir, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C100-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.

3. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the concrete using method that described fertile benefit is many is: in 15 premium on currency, add HYT-A200ml and HYT-B 300ml and stir, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 100g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.

4. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Chinese medicine trace is fertile, according to parts by weight, by medical stone powder 50-60 part, ginkgo biloba p.e 1-2 part, Artemisinin 6-8 part, Folium Artemisiae Argyi extract 3-4 part, Honegsukle flower P.E 1-2 part, isatis root extract 3-5 part, Herba Agrimoniae extract 4-5 part forms.

5. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the using method that described Chinese medicine trace is fertile: every mu of 20-25g, add water 50kg foliage spray.

6. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described excellent resistant varieties is No. one, excellent powder, new beautiful scenery or No. 1, golden brightness.

7. the method for integrated control of a kind of tomato seedling damping-off according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described decomposed manure:

(1) by 100 milliliters, liquor and EM stoste 50 milliliters, the high activity dried yeast 3-5g of 100 milliliters, clear water and honey or brown sugar 20-40 gram, spirituosity 30% ~ 35%, the formula of black-koji mould powder 1-2g, is mixed with reserve liquid;

(2) by air-dry for people, animal ight soil to water content be 30% ~ 40%;

(3) get straw, cornstalk and green grass etc., be cut into the particle of long 1 ~ 5 centimetre, add a small amount of rice bran uniform mixing, make bulk thing during compost;

(4) by bulk thing, medical stone powder and ight soil 10:5:100 mixing and stirring by weight, and grow up on concrete floor upper berth 6 meters, wide 1 ~ 5 meter, the fertilizer of thick 20 ~ 30 centimetres heap;

(5) on fertilizer heap, sprinkle one deck rice bran or wheat bran thinly, and then spill reserve liquid, every 1000 kilogram of fertilizer spill 1000 ~ 1500 milliliters;

(6) in the same way, repave the second layer above, each composting paving 3-5 layer, builds plastic film fermentation above, stirs once, stir 3 ~ 4 times and just can complete, obtain decomposed manure when temperature is raised to 45 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C in fertilizer heap.