CN105009351A - 包括多个具有卷芯之间的附加材料的卷芯的锂离子方形电池单元 - Google Patents

包括多个具有卷芯之间的附加材料的卷芯的锂离子方形电池单元 Download PDF

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CN105009351A
CN105009351A CN201380029532.1A CN201380029532A CN105009351A CN 105009351 A CN105009351 A CN 105009351A CN 201380029532 A CN201380029532 A CN 201380029532A CN 105009351 A CN105009351 A CN 105009351A
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Abstract

本发明提供的技术包括一种系统和方法,该系统和方法在与堆叠-折叠生产方法相比时大幅提高卷芯装配的速度和高容量电池的速度。在一个实施例中,可以获得较高速卷绕工艺,并且此外,通过在卷芯之间增添至少一个(附加的)阴极层,可以获得较高容量和能量。这种增添最小化阳极外层的使用损失。

Description

包括多个具有卷芯之间的附加材料的卷芯的锂离子方形电池单元
技术领域
本公开涉及电池,并且具体涉及可再充电电池,包括在汽车动力传动系统中使用的电池。
背景技术
一种常规的电池设计包括分层阳极材料、隔板(separator)材料以及阴极材料。多层这些材料接着可以被卷起并且被插入在圆柱体中,或者被卷起并且接着在被插入到相应的外壳中之前被扁平化。这些可再充电电池被称为具有卷芯(jelly roll)或者稍微螺旋的截面的卷芯电池或者充电电池。在某些电池中,一个或多个卷芯被插入到罐或者容器中。
发明内容
由于阳极材料的非可用的外层导致的常规方形电池单元中的死区,已经使得容量损失。此外,这种常规电池的高温存储性能由于在电池单元中的非可用的和附加的外阳极层中俘获的锂而恶化。
本文所公开的技术包括一种系统和方法,其与堆叠-折叠生产方法相比大幅提高卷芯装配的速度和高容量电池单元的速度。在一个实施例中,可以获得较高速卷绕工艺,并且此外,通过在卷芯之间增添至少一个(附加的)阴极层,能够获得较高容量和能量。这种增添最小化阳极外层的使用损失。
在卷芯之间包括附加的单面涂层的阴极片能够增加电池的容量。多个卷芯经常被插入到一个袋或者容器中,以便最小化卷芯边缘和方形罐之间的死区。卷芯的曲率在准备较厚的卷芯时可以更大。因此,准备较细的卷芯并且使用多个卷芯通过最小化拐角处的死区能够增加容量。在这种情况下,外部阳极层通过增添附加的阴极板可以被用于电池的容量。附加的阴极板还可以通过去除以前的非可用的阳极层来提高高温处的存储性能。这个非可用的阳极层可以将锂俘获到该层,从而对于常规的方形蓄电池,导致可用锂的损失。
在另一实施例中,金属板被用作两个卷芯之间的心轴或者附加层。增添这个金属板通过其在电池单元或者电池组例如在柱形电池中用作散热片来提高电池性能。使用铝板或者其他金属板可以被用作散热板和/或外部接头,以使两个接头设计内的电池单元为一个接头设计。因此,可以通过减小在另一侧上的密封和接头的区域获得较高的体积能量密度。这种方案有效地最小化用于接头和密封的空间损失。
这种技术由于通过在卷芯之间增添附加金属板(例如,铝板)或者片而减少附加的密封和接头区域(空间),从而获得具有高体积能量的电池或者电池组。在袋或者罐中使用多个卷芯可以最小化卷芯的边缘或者末端处的死区。卷芯的曲率在准备较厚的卷芯时可以更大。因此,准备较薄的卷芯并且使用多个卷芯可以增加容量。在这个实施例中,每个卷芯可以通过隔板来完成。金属板可以被增添在两个卷芯之间,用于电流收集和提供散热片的双重功能。针对电池组设计,在使用金属板时,可能不需要附加的散热板。此外,这个实施例通过更好地控制内部短路提供更好的耐极端条件。
此外,虽然本文的不同特征、技术、配置等的每个可以在本公开的不同地方被讨论,但是目的在于每个概念可以彼此独立地或者彼此组合地被执行。因此,本发明可以以多种不同方式被实施和观察。
注意的是,本文的发明内容部分没有逐步指定本公开或者本发明的每个实施例和/或新颖方面。相反,该发明内容仅提供了不同实施例的初步讨论和相对于常规技术的相应的新颖点。对于发明和实施例的附加的细节和/或可能的观点,读者直接进入以下进一步所讨论的具体实施方式部分和本公开的相应附图。
具体实施方式
在一种技术中,可以被涂(coat)在两侧上的附加的阴极材料层可以被放置在卷芯之间。延伸接头(tab)可以接着被焊接到电极边缘上的附加的裸箔(foil)。在袋内被密封后,电解液将被填入袋箱,并且将被激活。
在另一实施例中,通过增添设置有卷芯上的高收缩隔片(separator)的附加的裸箔集,可以获得耐极端条件(abuse tolerance)。此附加层在裸箔之间存在接触时将被短路,这可以使得电池单元SOC(电量状态)更低。低SOC电池单元比高SOC电池单元活性较低。本文所公开的技术提供高能量密度、更好的存储性能以及组件产品的更低成本。
在一个实施例中,在卷芯或者卷芯对之间增添附加的金属板。延伸接头可以被焊接到附加的裸箔和该金属板,延伸接头可以通过卷芯与外部接头连接。除了这个接头,另一接头可以通过以箔焊接被放置在这个接头的旁边。隔离聚合物垫可以针对其他接头被用于金属板和箔之间的隔离。在一个实施例中,在卷芯对之间设置的铝板可以被用作阳性接头。在袋内被封装后,电解液可以被填入到袋或者箱,并且可以激活密封的电池单元以便成型。
其他金属板可以被用于阳极或者阴极。使用铝板是有益的,这是因为铝板可以提供更好的安全性、更低成本以及高比能量(specificenergy)。这个实施例的优势包括高体积能量密度、组件产品低成本以及耐极端条件的电池单元。而且,使用用于电流收集并冷却电池单元的金属板可以减少或者消除在相应电池组设计中的附加冷却垫的需求。
通常关于电池设计,高效电池对于包括混合动力汽车(HEV)的若干应用是重要的。为解决此问题,开始了低能量的能量存储系统(LEESS)的电池单元开发。可以通过提高电池单元电能(较少的堆)降低材料成本。工艺成本通过使用卷绕(winding)装配可以被降低。卷绕装配通常在扁平化卷绕(平缠绕(wound flat wrap)或者WFW)的每端上产生接头(电端子)。卷绕中的超薄电极是有益的。例如,这可以减少给定卷绕的匝数,例如,4Ah/9.5转(作为卷绕的最佳范围)。然而,通过拾起-放置堆垛机(stacker)处理薄电极存在困难。在典型的电池配置中,在电池单元的每一端有侧接头/电极。这样由于另一侧接头的附加密封区域,可以产生3%的能量损失(能量密度)。一个原因是卷芯层由于接头不能够完全延伸以填满电池单元空间。
图6示出卷芯电池的卷绕概念。用于延伸接头的未涂覆箔修整后可以被使用。半侧涂层阳极首先被卷绕,接着该阳极在外卷芯处被包裹。卷绕阳性层、分隔层以及阴性层之后,产生的圆柱形可以被扁平化(被压扁)。扁平化的卷绕卷芯可以被插入在袋中以电解液填充,并且接着真空密封。附加的箔卷绕后可以被修整。
图1示出在卷芯的每一端具有端子的卷芯(平缠绕)的常规设计。
图2示出压在一起的两个卷芯的常规设计,其中每个卷芯在卷芯的每一端具有端子。这种设计可以比图1的设计提高能量密度。
图3示出在两卷芯之间增添一个阴极的新实施例。这种增添增加能量密度。除了增添阴极层,或者替代增添阴极层,可以在两卷芯之间放置金属板。在任一实施例中,由于在两卷芯之间增添了层,可以修改接头布置以提高能量密度,例如,方形电池单元设计。
图4示出在每侧具有电接头或者端子的实施例。在图5中,通过中间层被增添,从一端到另一端的导管被形成,使两个接头能够放置在一侧。这种配置允许在给定的电池中使用更多的卷芯材料,或者产生具有较小占用空间的电池。在任一配置中,都存在能量密度的增加。
图7示出示例电池的电池单元设计。
图8示出具有位于两卷芯之间的铝板的两个平缠绕卷芯的示例实施例。图8包括示出铝板或者箔如何能够在两卷芯之间产生电路径,使得铝和铜接头均位于在卷芯对的一侧/端的侧视图和顶视图。
图9是具有铝(Al)板的双卷芯的每个部件的侧视图。图9示出层如何能够被修整并且被接合在一起。图10示出最终密封电池单元的配置以及金属板如何通过在双卷芯的同一侧上具有端子提高端子的几何构型来增加能量密度。
因此,实施例包括新的双卷芯结构。替代在一端具有铜接头以及在相对端具有铝接头,铝板或者双侧涂层的阴极片贯穿通过卷芯对的中间。这种配置可以最大化外阳极层的使用。在一个示例中,这可以通过使用卷芯之间的一个阴极来提供卷芯的并联。
本领域的技术人员还将理解,对以上解释的技术的操作可以进行多种变型,同时仍然达到本发明的相同目的。本发明的范围旨在涵盖此类变型。同样地,本发明的实施例的前面的说明并非旨在限制性。相反,对本发明的实施例的任何限定在以下的权利要求中呈现。

Claims (5)

1.一种电池单元,其包括:
第一卷芯,所述第一卷芯基本被扁平化,并且包括多层阳极材料、阴极材料以及隔板材料,所述隔板材料隔离在所述阳极材料和阴极材料之间;
第二卷芯,所述第二卷芯基本被扁平化,并且包括多层阳极材料、阴极材料以及隔板材料,所述隔板材料隔离在所述阳极材料和阴极材料之间;
放置在所述第一卷芯和所述第二卷芯之间的阴极材料层;以及
所述第一卷芯、所述第二卷芯以及所述阴极材料层被放置在电池单元内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池单元,其中第一端子和第二端子都位于所述电池单元的同一端。
3.一种电池单元,其包括:
第一卷芯,所述第一卷芯基本被扁平化,并且包括多层阳极材料、阴极材料以及隔板材料,所述隔板材料隔离在所述阳极材料和阴极材料之间;
第二卷芯,所述第二卷芯基本被扁平化,并且包括多层阳极材料、阴极材料以及隔板材料,所述隔板材料隔离在所述阳极材料和阴极材料之间;
金属板,其被放置在所述第一卷芯和所述第二卷芯之间,使得所述第一卷芯和所述第二卷芯与所述金属板接触;以及
所述第一卷芯、所述第二卷芯以及阴极材料层被放置在电池内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池单元,其中所述金属板包括阴极材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池单元,其中第一端子和第二端子都位于所述电池单元的同一端。
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