CN104996337A - Aquatic product culture disease prevention method - Google Patents
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- CN104996337A CN104996337A CN201510436730.0A CN201510436730A CN104996337A CN 104996337 A CN104996337 A CN 104996337A CN 201510436730 A CN201510436730 A CN 201510436730A CN 104996337 A CN104996337 A CN 104996337A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aquatic product culture disease prevention method. The prevention method is realized through the following process: 1, improving a culture environment and performing ecological prevention; 2, controlling pathogen propagation and carrying out biological control; 3, carrying out disease control by use of a microecology principle; 5, improving the physiological function of a culture object by applying a growth substance; and 6, carrying out medical control and use drugs in a reasonable manner. The method provided by the invention has the following advantages: the aquatic product culture disease prevention method can effectively reduce the threats of aquatic product culture diseases and prevents the aquatic product culture diseases to the maximum degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prevention method of aquiculture disease.
Background technology
Aquaculture is the activity in production of breeding, cultivating and gather in the crops aquatic animals and plants under manual control.Generally comprise the overall process forming aquatic products under artificial feeding management from seed.Aquatic products disease is threat maximum in aquaculture process, but improves processing method not for aquatic products disease in prior art.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides the prevention method of aquiculture disease.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the prevention method of aquiculture disease, and described prevention method is by following process implementation:
1) improve breeding environment, carry out bionomic control: process to improve water quality, regulate temperature, reduce stress reaction and to strengthen the method for bionomic control;
2) control pathogen propagation, carry out biological control: to set up quarantine system, carry out ecotope control, to adopt the method for disinfectant control and reinforcement biological control to process;
3) apply microecology principle, carry out disease control: the use reducing antibiotic medicine, strengthen using microorganism formulation;
4) harmful organisms is eliminated, protection cultivation object: the means of the harmful animal adopt and control predacious fish, eliminated aquatic insect and catch and kill harm cultivation object process;
5) use growth substance, improve the physiological function of cultivation object: use growth substance, application rare earth preventing and curing of fish disease and adopt bioactivator to combine and process;
6) medical treatment is carried out, the rational use of medicines: take to suit the remedy to the case, the means of proper application and raising drug effect process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the prevention method of aquiculture disease provided by the invention, effectively can reduce the menace of aquiculture disease, prevent the generation of aquiculture disease to greatest extent.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
The generation of aquiculture disease and popular, multiplies with the resistance of organism self closely related with the living environment of cultivation object, pathogene.Carry out aquatic products disease control, Technological Economy measure will be taked in the autoimmunity etc. of improvement breeding environment, eliminating pathogen and enhancing cultivation object equally.
One, improve breeding environment, carry out bionomic control
(1) water quality is improved.Diluted the Toxic Metabolites in culturing pool by injected clear water, to improve water quality, strengthen the resistance against diseases of cultivation object; Or inject other water sources, to improve the ecological environment, as injected liquid dung to promote that plankton grows.By cleaning up the pond, not only can remove wild fishes, removing competing food biological, and can pathogene be killed, effectively improveing water quality.
(2) temperature is regulated.Many pathogenicity parasite optimum temperatures are about 20 DEG C, by regulating water temperature, not only can suppress the breeding of pathogene, and can accelerate the metabolism cultivating object.
(3) stress reaction is reduced.Amplitude of fluctuation as water temperature is excessive, substrate severe exacerbation, feed go rotten goes bad, suddenly rains cats and dogs, pH value change, to fish for harassing and wrecking, noise jamming, dispenser improper etc., can cause cultivation object generation stress reaction.Stress reaction then can cause the energy ezpenditure of cultivation object that the resistance of body is declined, and be bacterium and viral infection, even fulminant disease creates chance.
(4) bionomic control is carried out.Bionomic control is intended to utilize the mechanism of restriction mutually between biology to control pathogene, keeps the balance of breeding environment, aquaculture is normally carried out.Beneficial organism can be added, as photosynthetic bacteria, to impel the conversion of harmful substance in pond in culturing pool; Drop into food property kind, to prey on sick body, the weak body in cultivation object.
Two, control pathogen propagation, carry out biological control
(1) quarantine system is set up.As introduced in name, spy, excellent, new varieties process, introducing a fine variety transplanting also can become a disease spread channel.As virus infections, the generally section of having latent period.As long as efficient detection technique fast can be set up, just can Timeliness coverage and diagnosing.
(2) ecotope control is carried out.In Cultivated water, not only there is a large amount of pathogenic microorganismss, and a large amount of non-pathogenic microorganisms can be had.The former is virulence factor, and the existence of the latter keeps the necessary condition of the Cultivated water ecological balance often.And a large amount of medicines drops into, although killed pathogenic microorganisms, the nonpathogenic microorganism being of value to aquatic ecological also can be made to be suppressed.Therefore, tackle one of the most effective means of aquaculture virus, strengthen the monitoring to water environment and management exactly.
(3) disinfectant is adopted to control.For the disinfectant of aquaculture, there are oxidant and the large class of non-oxide formulation two, the former affects comparatively large, especially poor to the inactivation capacity of virus at (as oxidant, potassium permanganate etc.) its dissipation ability by factors such as water temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen concentration, suspensions; The latter's (as copper sulphate, formaldehyde etc.) dissipation weak effect, and the side effect of toxicity is large, the also generation of difficult effectively prevention and corntrol communicable disease, particularly virus disease and popular.
(4) biological control is carried out.As modes such as taking to raise together with to cultivation object and to support, a part of pathogenic microorganisms can be made to be raised together with and a foster cultivation object is killed or engulfs.
Three, apply microecology principle, carry out disease control
(1) general principle of microecology.When aquatile is in health status, there is a metastable microorganism dominant population in external environment within it.This micropopulation, can promote the growth of useful mushroom, can suppress again the procreation of harmful mushroom, forms the first line of defence resisting pathogenic bacteria.Under normal conditions, aquatic animals and plants, microorganism, ecotope, three forms a kind of dynamic equilibrium, has relative stability.
(2) antibiotic medicine is cautious use of.Abuse antimicrobial, make the drug resistance problems of pathogene more and more serious, formulation rate is increasing.As when treating fish disease, should use targeted specifically and having narrow spectrum antibacterials to pathogenic bacteria, and blindly should not adopt broad spectrum activity, the antibacterials that non-pathogenic bacteria had to the ability of killing, in order to avoid the microorganism species of relative equilibrium in injury fish body.
(3) microorganism formulation is used.Can in the body of cultivation object or body surface set up beneficial microorganism dominant microflora, suppress harmful microbe procreation to reach, strengthen the cultivation resistance of object and the effect of immunity.As current widely used photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) in aquaculture, not only can purify water, prevent disease, and fish bulk-growth can be promoted.The another kind of preparation be made up of beneficial microbes such as Intestinal Anaerobic Bacterias, for reconstruction and the adjustment of fish intestines microecosystem, for maintenance microecological balance, enhancing development, all has remarkable result.
Four, harmful organisms is eliminated, protection cultivation object
The harmful organisms of aquaculture, comprises insect, amphibian animal, reptiles and birds etc. in predacious fish, water.Eliminate these harmful organisms and should take following technical measures respectively:
(1) predacious fish is controlled.Common predacious fish, has black carp, mandarin fish, Nian, yellow cartfish, swamp eel, opsariichthys bidens etc.Control the Main Means of predacious fish to have: breed fish fry, before fingerling, carry out removing to the predacious fish in waters and kill; Before throwing in cultivation seed, prevent from bringing the predacious fish seed of other water systems into Cultivated water; Find out the breeding enviromental conditions for spawning of predacious fish, destroy its spawning place; Throw in large size fingerling, improve the ability that cultivation object resists predacious fish; Adopt corresponding netting gear fishing tackle, predacious fish is surrounded and annihilated.
(2) aquatic insect is eliminated.Common insect, has water scorpion, water axe worm, giant water bug, hydra, boat fly and kyllinga brevifolia, freshwater mussel shrimp, cyclops etc.These insects, some cannibalisations and predation fish-egg, fry, some amount reproductions, consume the oxygen in water and nutriment, make fry growth slow, even cause death.Tackle insect in these water, full pool spilling head quicklime before putting in a suitable place to breed, to eliminate its harmful organisms.After fry is put in a suitable place to breed, then for concrete insect splash respectively chlorophos, copper sulphate and deinsectization essence etc., killed.
(3) harmful animal of harm cultivation object is catched and killed.Mainly contain otter, water snake, water rat, batrachia and tadpole, aquatic bird etc.These amphibian animals, reptiles and birds etc. not only prey on cultivation object, and are some parasitic intermediate host and germ carrier, easily cause the popular of some disease.Should take to lure the mode such as to catch, catch to be driven or kill.
Five, use growth substance, improve the physiological function of cultivation object
(1) growth substance is used.The growth substance with physiological regulating control effect is administered in cultivation subject, to improve its physiological function, regulates metabolism of nucleic acid, suppress pathogeny breeding and diffusion, and supplement the indispensable element of its growth.As the undaria pinnitafida by using growth substance, preventing and treating in rot respond well, not only increasing the seed output and quality of cultivation object, and be advanced by harvest time.Its dominant mechanism is exactly because of the physiological regulating control effect by growth substance, strengthens carbon and nitrogen metabolism, increases nucleic acid in vivo and the protein content of cultivation object, facilitates undaria pinnitafida growth.
(2) rare earth preventing and curing of fish disease is applied.The rare earth of application debita spissitudo, can suppress the Growth and reproduction of germ, stimulates the appetite of fish, strengthens the resistance of fish, strengthens fish disease prevention and cure effect.Particularly to red skin disease, the enteritis and fin rot etc. of grass carp, there is obvious control efficiency.
(3) development and employing bioactivator.Bioactivator extract from plant, its major function is to regulate nerve conduction and enzyme balance in organism, to promote that body internal protein synthesizes and grows, improves immunocompetence, eliminate free radical, improve anti-sudden change, the effect such as antibacterial, antiviral.
Six, medical treatment is carried out, the rational use of medicines
(1) suit the remedy to the case.Science selects fish medicine, not only can preventing and curing of fish disease, and has and regulate metabolism, improve and digest and assimilate, promote flourish, improve the effect such as feed and fertilizer effect.Suit the remedy to the case, first, correctly diagnose.Only have diagnosis to satisfy the need, just can treat.Secondly, the cause of disease be found out.Understand fully the source of pathogene, cut off pathogeny, improve Cultivated water, create good Curing circumstance.Again, science selects medicine.Selecting should to sick body and breeding environment low toxicity, harmless, few residual, and cost is low again, good medicine worthwhile economically.
(2) proper application.Administering mode generally has following 3 kinds: (1) mixes water administration.With water by medicine dissolved dilution, carry out dipping or full pool spilling head.(2) mixed bait administration, when throwing something and feeding, one will emphasize that pharmaceutical chemistry mixes, two is medicines arrange in pairs or groups with additive in feed reasonable.(3) drug administration by injection.Be generally used for inoculation or parent population to hasten parturition injection.
(3) drug effect is improved.The resistance problems of causal organism, has caused the extensive attention of aquaculture circle, and solve the resistance problems of damage by disease and insect, one is rotation medication, cuts off the formation of the anti-pharmacopoeia group of pathogene; Two is the developments carrying out medicinal synergist, by composite, improves drug effect.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the prevention method of aquiculture disease, is characterized in that, described prevention method is by following process implementation:
1) improve breeding environment, carry out bionomic control: process to improve water quality, regulate temperature, reduce stress reaction and to strengthen the method for bionomic control;
2) control pathogen propagation, carry out biological control: to set up quarantine system, carry out ecotope control, to adopt the method for disinfectant control and reinforcement biological control to process;
3) apply microecology principle, carry out disease control: the use reducing antibiotic medicine, strengthen using microorganism formulation;
4) harmful organisms is eliminated, protection cultivation object: the means of the harmful animal adopt and control predacious fish, eliminated aquatic insect and catch and kill harm cultivation object process;
5) use growth substance, improve the physiological function of cultivation object: use growth substance, application rare earth preventing and curing of fish disease and adopt bioactivator to combine and process;
6) medical treatment is carried out, the rational use of medicines: take to suit the remedy to the case, the means of proper application and raising drug effect process.
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| CN201510436730.0A CN104996337A (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2015-07-23 | Aquatic product culture disease prevention method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508754A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 集美大学 | Biological prevention and treatment method for cryptocaryon irritans disease |
| CN107897105A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2018-04-13 | 无为众生水产有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for preventing soft-shelled turtle body surface disease |
| CN117502319A (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-02-06 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Intelligent joint control system and method for fish hatching |
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