CN104995776A - 将水运输板与弹性体密封物隔开 - Google Patents

将水运输板与弹性体密封物隔开 Download PDF

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CN104995776A
CN104995776A CN201280077422.8A CN201280077422A CN104995776A CN 104995776 A CN104995776 A CN 104995776A CN 201280077422 A CN201280077422 A CN 201280077422A CN 104995776 A CN104995776 A CN 104995776A
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D.R.布罗
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Abstract

一种燃料电池堆(11)包括多个相邻的燃料电池(13),每个燃料电池(13)均包括成为一体的电极组件(15),所述电极组件(15)夹在多孔的阳极(22)和阴极水运输板(18)之间。在硅酮橡胶(29)或其他弹性体覆盖燃料电池的边缘以便与外部歧管(27)形成密封的区域中,水运输板的相邻边缘由弹性体防渗材料(34)代替或增大。这防止了弹性体浸入至WTP,其可导致足够的疏水性以减小或消除将反应物气体与冷却水隔开所需的水气泡压力,从而防止了冷却剂泵的气体抑制作用。预成形的插入件(34)可随着水运输板被模塑而浇铸至水运输板中,或者以流畅的形式的可熔化的或可固化的非弹性体的弹性体防渗材料可沉积至已形成的水运输板的孔中,然后被熔化或被固化。

Description

将水运输板与弹性体密封物隔开
由于与FTA国家燃料电池汽车项目-肉豆蔻(Nutmeg)项目的合同号FTA MA-04-7002,政府可具有本发明和基于其颁发的任何专利的权利。
技术领域
在一个表面上具有水通道的且在相对表面上具有反应物气体通道的多孔亲水的燃料电池基体通常被称作水运输板(WTP),其在WTP的角部处具有弹性体防渗材料,在该角部处与弹性体密封材料的接触随着时间推移以其他方式使得WTP疏水,由此消除防止气体横穿至冷却剂的水压力和气泡压力。
背景技术
参考图1,在成为一体的电极组件15中将气体反应物施用至质子交换膜电解质的已知的燃料电池13的堆11,可能为采用多孔亲水分离板的类型,所述多孔亲水分离板通常在每个基体的一个表面上具有气体反应物沟槽,并且在相对表面上具有用于冷却剂(通常为水)的沟槽16。一个燃料电池的阴极水运输板18使氧化剂在它的反应物气体沟槽19中流动并且相邻燃料电池(其与所述相邻燃料电池接触)的阳极水运输板22使燃料在它的反应物气体沟槽23中流动。燃料和氧化剂由水运输板的孔中的水彼此隔开,其毛细力需要某个压力以用于使气泡经过水,所述压力被称作气泡压力。
由于燃料电池堆被组装,相对于彼此且相对于成为一体的电极组件的水运输板的尺寸公差和位置公差导致了基体边缘的未对准,这被标出为“边际线(skyline)”,如WTP 18、22和成为一体的电极组件15的不同高度所示出的。由于这些,为了向外部反应物气体歧管(例如氧化剂歧管27)的表面提供用于密封燃料电池边缘的相对平滑的区域,弹性体填充物(例如硅酮橡胶29)被施用至燃料电池的不均匀的边缘表面。这为在硅酮29和歧管27的边缘之间的橡胶垫30提供了足够平滑的基床,如在美国专利6,660,422和7,122,384中所描述的,这两者均以引用的方式并入本文。在一些实例中,在橡胶垫和硅酮29之间设置可能为绝缘体的薄的刚性条。
已经发现的是,在歧管27被密封至燃料电池13的区域中,反应物气体从通道19、23至通道16中的冷却剂中的渗漏发生到使得冷却剂泵不能运行的这种程度。这出现在所有燃料电池堆中,限制了所述堆的寿命。还发现的是,在大多数情况下更换密封物的外部部分(例如新近的硅酮层和/或新的橡胶垫30)并不是有效的。通常,所述堆必须被重新组装。在拆卸后,受影响的电池是无用的并且材料在最好的情况下才可被重新利用。
发明内容
参照图2,发现的是,在反应物气体通道和水通道之间的渗漏是由WTP中的气泡压力的损失而引起的。
还得知的是,这进而由弹性体(例如硅酮)从燃料电池部件的边缘处的密封物浸入至水运输板18、22的多孔结构中而造成,如箭头32所示出的。
弹性体是非常疏水的并且覆盖所述孔的既有表面,而不会填充所述孔,使得被硅酮侵入的区域变得疏水。当浸入的程度充分时,反应物气体(通常处于较高压力)会进入水通道16(通常处于较低压力)中。冷却物系统最终会变得充分地夹带气体,使得冷却剂泵可能不再有效地推动冷却剂液体,使得系统停止。
本文的方案在接近弹性体密封构件的WTP的每个边缘处设置弹性体防渗材料,所述弹性体防渗材料会阻碍弹性体浸入WTP中。此方案防止弹性体使得WTP的边缘变得疏水性,消除气泡气压的损失,并且避免气体浸入至冷却剂系统中。材料延伸超过弹性体,并且针对WTP的全部厚度而在WTP内延伸一段小的距离,约1 cm(1/3英寸)。
所述材料可随着WTP被形成而被预浇铸并且模塑至WTP中。所述材料可替代地以流畅的形式沉积在WTP的未罩住的部分的孔中,然后通过在WTP模塑温度之下熔化或固化而凝固。
如在附图中所示出的,根据所附的示意性实施例的详细描述,其他变型会变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1为在具有橡胶垫和硅酮密封物的外部歧管的边缘下方以放大的比例画出的燃料部件的局部透视图。
图2为示出将硅酮浸入WTP中的图1的局部透视图。
图3为包括根据本方案的硅酮防渗插入件的局部透视图。
图4为具有某种形式的角部的以放大的比例画出的局部透视图,该形式具有在模塑WTP之前定位(register)在其中的硅酮防渗插入件。
图5-7为本方案的硅酮防渗插入件的替代实施例的局部透视图。
具体实施方式
参照图3,本方案的第一通常的实施例借助于预先成形弹性体防渗插入件34在硅酮29的区域中每个水运输板(WTP)的边缘处防止硅酮或其他弹性体浸入至WTP中。如本文所采用的,措辞“在区域中”和“在邻近处”包括供将来使用而所计划的情况。插入件34防止硅酮浸入水运输板中并且避免了水运输板的气泡压力的任何事故(breakdown)。
插入件34可通过在将模具填充石墨/树脂(或适当的其他混合物)之前将它定位至模具36的角部中来设置。在图4中,仅仅示出模具侧的相邻的面38-40。为了在将模具填充常规的石墨/树脂混合物的过程期间帮助确保适当的定位在模具中,以及模塑WTP,销43被附接至模具的底部表面38以引导洞44,所述洞44仅部分地穿过插入件34。
为了在模塑过程期间帮助将插入件34接合至WTP,设置了用于帮助将插入件34连接至WTP的一些表面扩大部(enlargement)。在图4的实施例中,在插入件34的两个相应的边缘50、51的每者上均存在槽部46、47,其将与WTP邻接。
图5示出波状表面53,可用于代替槽部46、47以增加在插入件34和WTP18、22之间的粘合。波状表面53可轻微的波浪起伏,它可能突然的或它可能更像锯齿。然而,有益的是,设置这样的表面,所述表面与WTP的所希望粘合到的边缘大体垂直。
图6示出洞55,可用于增加表面积和改进插入件34和WTP 18之间的粘合。
图7示出肋56,可用于增加表面积和改进插入件34和WTP 18之间的粘合。
可以使用其他设置物用于将插入件34指引至模具36,来代替洞和销43、44。然而,必须的是,不允许弹性体/硅酮实现穿过所选择的任何指引机构的通路。
在本发明的第二通常实施例中,代替将预成形件浇铸至WTP,WTP能够以常规的方式完成,然后罩在一个表面上(除了需要弹性体防渗材料之处)。然后以流畅形式的可熔化或可固化的非弹性体的弹性体防渗材料被沉积在弹性体密封物的邻近处在WTP的全部厚度的孔中并且随后被熔化或固化。
流畅的材料可为非弹性体的适当精细的粉末、弹性体防渗物、可熔化塑料或从铋、铅、锡和镉中选择的共晶混合物。
由于在不偏离本构思的意图的情况下可以做出所公开的实施例的改变和变型,除了所附权利要求所要求的以外,其并不意图限制本公开。

Claims (16)

1. 一种燃料电池堆(11),包括:
多个彼此相邻的燃料电池(13),每个燃料电池均包括电极组件(15),所述电极组件(15)包括质子交换膜、多孔亲水的阳极水运输板(18)和多孔亲水的阴极水运输板(22),所述质子交换膜夹在阴极催化剂和催化剂支撑件以及阳极催化剂和催化剂支撑件之间,所述多孔亲水的阳极水运输板(18)相邻所述阳极电极支撑件而配置,所述多孔亲水的阴极水运输板(22)相邻所述阴极电极支撑件而配置;
弹性体密封剂(29),其在外部歧管(27)被密封至所述燃料电池的区域中覆盖所述燃料电池的边缘;
其特征在于;
弹性体防渗材料(34),其被配置在所述弹性体密封剂的邻近处的每个水运输板的全部厚度内。
2. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)针对每个水运输板(18、22)包括插入件(34),其预成形为弹性体防渗材料并且随着所述水运输板被模塑而被浇铸至相关的水运输板中。
3. 如权利要求2所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
与水运输板接触的每个插入件(34)的边缘包括增加粘合表面扩大部(46、47;53;55;56)。
4. 如权利要求3所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述增加粘合表面扩大部包括槽部(46、47)。
5. 如权利要求3所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述增加粘合表面扩大部包括一个或多个洞(55)。
6. 如权利要求3所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述增加粘合表面扩大部包括波状表面(53)。
7. 如权利要求3所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述增加粘合表面扩大部包括肋部(56)。
8. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)包括非弹性体塑料。
9. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)包括金属。
10. 如权利要求1所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)包括可熔化或可固化的非多孔的非弹性体,其以流畅的形式被沉积在所述弹性体密封剂的邻近处在每个水运输板的全部厚度的孔中,并且随后在原处被熔化或固化。
11. 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)包括非弹性体塑料。
12. 如权利要求10所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(34)包括金属。
13. 如权利要求12所述的燃料电池堆(11),其特征还在于:
所述弹性体防渗材料(54)包括从铋、铅、锡和镉中选择的共晶混合物。
14. 一种方法,其特征在于,通过在任何弹性体密封剂的邻近处的每个水运输板的全部厚度内设置弹性体防渗材料(34)来防止弹性体密封剂(29)浸入到在燃料电池堆(11)中的多孔亲水的水运输板(18、22)中。
15. 如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征还在于:
所述设置步骤包括随着所述水运输板被模塑而将所述材料的预成形插入件(34)浇铸至每个水运输板(18、22)中。
16. 如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征还在于:
所述设置步骤包括将可熔化或可固化的非多孔的非弹性体的弹性体防渗材料(34)以流畅的形式沉积在所述弹性体密封剂(29)的邻近处的每个水运输板(18、22)的全部厚度的孔中,并且随后熔化或固化所述材料。
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