CN104987014A - Radiation-shielding concrete adopting lead-zinc tailings as raw material and preparation method therefor - Google Patents
Radiation-shielding concrete adopting lead-zinc tailings as raw material and preparation method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104987014A CN104987014A CN201510441103.6A CN201510441103A CN104987014A CN 104987014 A CN104987014 A CN 104987014A CN 201510441103 A CN201510441103 A CN 201510441103A CN 104987014 A CN104987014 A CN 104987014A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of environment and building materials and particularly relates to radiation-shielding concrete adopting lead-zinc tailings as a raw material and a preparation method therefor. The radiation-shielding concrete contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 145-180 parts of water, 350-630 parts of cementing material, 700-800 parts of fine aggregates, 1,000-1,500 parts of coarse aggregates, 2.2-7.8 parts of water reducing agent and 35-75 parts of steel fibers, wherein the cementing material consists of cement and a mineral admixture; the coarse aggregates consist of the lead-zinc tailings and barite; the fine aggregates are lead-zinc tailing powder obtained after the lead-zinc tailings are subjected to ball-milling; and the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid efficient water reducing agent. The obtained radiation-shielding concrete is low in cost, can excellently shield alpha, beta and gamma rays and neutron rays and has excellent crack resistance and endurance performance, and meanwhile, the pollution to ecological environment caused by the tailings is reduced, so that the radiation-shielding concrete has good economic and environmental benefits and is good in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment and architecture Material Field, being specifically related to a kind of take Pb-Zn tailings as radiation shield concrete of raw material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Pb-Zn tailings is the waste residue of discharging after Pb-Zn deposits factory adopts flotation process ore dressing, it accounts for 95% of Pb-Zn tailings output, and land occupation is not only wanted in a large amount of mine tailing stackings, expend and deposit and overhead charges, objectionable impurities simultaneously in mine tailing, particularly heavy metal ion is after weathering and rain, release and migration can occur, cause serious impact and threat to the life of surrounding enviroment and the people.Very extensively, waste sludge discharge amount is also very large, scientifically recycles resource of tailings, turns waste into wealth, accomplish that the doulbe-sides' victory of environmental benefit and economic benefit becomes a kind of selection of the best for China's Pb-Zn tailings and smeltery's distribution thereof.
Nuclear technique has just been developed rapidly since birth, is widely used in various fields such as such as nuclear power, military affairs, education, scientific research, medical treatment at present, but its security is perplex its key further developed always.As everyone knows, what nuclear reaction produced a large amount of can bring out the genovariation of multiple mankind's incurable disease such as cancer, leukemia and multiple bone marrow cancer, large chest malignant tumour, the disorder of Tiroidina technical ability and inducing plant as α, β, gamma-rays and neutron ray, the growth harmed the crops, and its latent period is long, cannot learn in the short period of time.Therefore, for preventing ray to the injury of human body, when construction has the building of source of radiation, must protection body be set.
At present, be adopt high apparent density and high atomic number material for the most effective measures of radiation shielding, such as noble metal be plumbous, the material such as tungsten and concrete, adopting is more the multilayer proofing utilizing stereotype, steel plate and concrete to carry out.But, on the one hand, although Pb has good radiation protection function, belong to comparatively valuable metal, make radioprotective cost higher in a large number; On the other hand, multilayer screen makes the difficulty of construction of radioprotective engineering strengthen.
Cement concrete is current the most widely used ray protection material, is mainly used in making the inside and outside shell of nuclear reactor and the solidification treatment of nuke rubbish.Radiation shield concrete is also called radiation-shielding concrete, nuclear power concrete protection, shielding concrete, nuclear reactor concrete or loaded concrete.As atomic reactor, particle accelerator and the protective material containing radioactive source device, it effectively can shield nuclear radiation, i.e. ray, refers generally to the rays such as α, β, γ and neutron radiation.
In radiation shield concrete design, the natural crystal that some apparent densities are larger: barite, serpentine etc., by means of the ray shield performance that it is excellent, is generally used as concrete coarse-fine aggregate by Chinese scholars.These natural crystals rely on it to have larger ordination number and higher apparent density, effectively can stop ray penetrating in concrete.But these natural crystals are non-renewable, along with developing rapidly of nuclear power, from the angle of Sustainable development, find alternative material significant.
Containing a large amount of heavy metals in Pb-Zn tailings, the structural arrangement of most of heavy metal is tight, density is large, can be used for preventing ray from passing, in these heavy metals, the comparision contents of mine tailing lead is many, and lead is the material with fine effectiveness of shielding, therefore utilize Pb-Zn tailings not only can effectively reduce and adopt the problem that lead shielding ray cost is high, concrete compactness and the shielding properties to ray can also be strengthened.In addition, the apparent density (2.5 ~ 3.1 × 10 of Pb-Zn tailings
3kg/m
3) with the apparent density (2.6 ~ 3.0 × 10 of coagulation soil matrix phase sand-cement slurry
3kg/m
3) close, thus make mixing of cement slurry and aggregate in concrete preparation process, reduce the textural defect caused because concrete uniformity is bad, the ability of concrete shield ray is strengthened.Therefore, we utilize Pb-Zn tailings to carry out the radiation shield concrete that processability is better, cost is lower.
Through retrieval, at home and abroad there is no and utilize Pb-Zn tailings to prepare the report of radiation shield concrete, this project belongs to the technology of first research invention both at home and abroad.Pb-Zn tailings involved in the present invention is very abundant at China's reserves, Pb-Zn tailings can be recycled fully, effectively solve the pollution problem that mine tailing heavy metal brings, simultaneously owing to containing heavy metal element in Pb-Zn tailings, institute is in case ray performance is more superior.Therefore, have great importance from economy and environment double angle, there is good application value.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of take Pb-Zn tailings as radiation shield concrete of raw material and preparation method thereof.
The radiation shield concrete obtained can shield α, β, gamma-rays and neutron ray well than other radiation shield concrete products, resistance to cleavage and superior in durability, preparation method is simple, the Pb-Zn tailings adopted can replace natural crystal as aggregate, cost is low, have good economic benefit and environmental benefit, application prospect is good.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, by weight, following raw material is comprised: water 145 ~ 180 weight part, gelling material 350 ~ 630 weight part, fine aggregate 700 ~ 800 weight part, coarse aggregate 1000 ~ 1500 weight part, water reducer 2.2 ~ 7.8 weight part, steel fiber 35 ~ 75 weight part; Described coarse aggregate is made up of Pb-Zn tailings and barite, described fine aggregate be Pb-Zn tailings through ball milling 2h, cross Pb-Zn tailings powder obtained by 300 mesh sieves.
In described coarse aggregate, Pb-Zn tailings and barly mix that to join mass ratio be 1:(0.2 ~ 3.0).
Described Pb-Zn tailings comprises following composition: SiO
250 ~ 55 wt %, CaO 15 ~ 23 wt %, Fe
2o
313 ~ 18 wt %, Al
2o
310 ~ 15 wt %, PbO 0.81 ~ 1.86 wt %, ZnO 0.40 ~ 0.86 wt %, BaO 0.44 ~ 0.52 wt %.
Described water reducer is polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
Its raw material of described gelling material consists of: the flyash of the cement of 200 ~ 300 weight parts, the silicon ash of 20 ~ 50 weight parts and 30 ~ 60 weight parts.
Described cement is 42.5 grades of ordinary Portland cements.
Be a preparation method for the radiation shield concrete of raw material as above with Pb-Zn tailings, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) add in concrete mixer by gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and steel fiber according to proportioning, mechanical stirring 2 ~ 3min, obtains compound after stirring;
(2) in the compound of gained in step (1), proportionally add water reducer and water, mechanical stirring 2 ~ 3min, obtains mixture paste after stirring, and mixture paste is injected mould and carry out vibrating shaping, namely maintenance obtains radiation shield concrete.
Radiation shield concrete prepared by the present invention, its radiation proof function is mainly based on aggregate radioprotective: the aggregate adopted in radiation shield concrete preparation process is Pb-Zn tailings, containing a lot of heavy metal element in Pb-Zn tailings, as: Mg, Ti, Fe, Co and Pb etc., the density of these heavy metals is comparatively large, compact structure.When source of radiation radiates α, β, γ and neutron ray, the high heavy metal element of the relative atomic mass first contained in aggregate can the velocity of propagation of attenuation ray thus little by little absorbing radiation ray effectively; Secondly, inside concrete also has more chemical combination Bound moisture, and comprising: free water, crystal water, these moisture have good effect for the slowing down of fast neutron and the absorption of thermal neutron, and can not produce Secondary radiation.Meanwhile, there is solid state reaction in the silicoaluminate in Pb-Zn tailings after adding cement and water, makes heavy metals immobilization can not stripping in the lattice of silicoaluminate, guarantees to prepare environment amenable radiation shield concrete.
The apparent density of the Pb-Zn tailings aggregate that present method adopts and the apparent density of gelling material matrix close, obvious aggregate sinkage can not be produced in concrete, concrete degree of layering is made to obtain reduction, prepare the concrete that homogeneity is good, this concrete can reduce concrete tearing tendency and microdefect effectively, aggregate is evenly distributed, weather resistance strengthens, thus improve the shielding properties of radiation shield concrete.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) delamination degree of the present invention's radiation shield concrete of utilizing Pb-Zn tailings to prepare obtains and reduces greatly, and concrete strength property and endurance quality are strengthened;
(2) the present invention uses Pb-Zn tailings as the raw material of coarse-fine aggregate, both it can have been utilized to contain heavy metal element and to have prepared the high radiation shield concrete of shielding properties, shield α, β, gamma-rays and neutron ray well, also can turn waste into wealth, solve mine tailing and pile up the environmental problem brought;
(3) the present invention utilizes Pb-Zn tailings to prepare the technique of radiation shield concrete simply, and Pb-Zn tailings abundance, with low cost, application prospect is extensive.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with following examples, but the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
embodiment 1
Choose originally according to the proportioning raw materials in table 1, gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, steel fiber are joined in concrete mixer, dry mixing 3min, add water reducer and water again, continue to stir 2min, obtain mixture paste after stirring, mixture paste is injected mould and carry out vibrating shaping, namely maintenance obtains radiation shield concrete.Its physicals technical indicator, linear attenuation coefficient and heavy metal ion leaches index and lists in table 4, table 5 and table 6.
Table 1 embodiment 1 prepares each material fiting ratio of radiation shield concrete
Wherein cement is the ordinary Portland cement of 42.5 grades; Flyash density is 0.7g/cm
3; The density of silicon ash is 2.1g/cm
3~ 2.3g/cm
3; Fine aggregate be Pb-Zn tailings through ball milling 2h, cross the Pb-Zn tailings powder that obtains of 300 mesh sieves; Coarse aggregate is Pb-Zn tailings and bar mixture, Pb-Zn tailings and barly mix that to join mass ratio be 1:0.5; Water reducer is polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
embodiment 2
Choose originally according to the proportioning raw materials in table 2, gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, steel fiber are joined in concrete mixer, dry mixing 3min, add water reducer and water again, continue to stir 2min, obtain mixture paste after stirring, mixture paste is injected mould and carry out vibrating shaping, namely maintenance obtains radiation shield concrete.Its physicals technical indicator, linear attenuation coefficient and heavy metal ion leaches index and lists in table 4, table 5 and table 6.
Table 2 embodiment 2 prepares each material fiting ratio of radiation shield concrete
Wherein cement is the ordinary Portland cement of 42.5 grades; Flyash density is 0.7g/cm
3; The density of silicon ash is 2.1g/cm
3~ 2.3g/cm
3; Fine aggregate be Pb-Zn tailings through ball milling 2h, cross the Pb-Zn tailings powder that obtains of 300 mesh sieves; Coarse aggregate is Pb-Zn tailings and bar mixture, Pb-Zn tailings and barly mix that to join mass ratio be 1:1; Water reducer is polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
embodiment 3
Choose originally according to the proportioning raw materials in table 3, gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, steel fiber are joined dry mixing 2min in concrete mixer, add water reducer and water again, continue to stir 3min, mixture paste is obtained after stirring, mixture paste being injected mould carries out vibrating shaping, and namely maintenance obtains radiation shield concrete.Its physicals technical indicator, linear attenuation coefficient and heavy metal ion leaches index and lists in table 4, table 5 and table 6.
Table 3 embodiment 3 prepares each material fiting ratio of radiation shield concrete
Wherein cement is the ordinary Portland cement of 42.5 grades; Flyash density is 0.7g/cm
3; The density of silicon ash is 2.1g/cm
3~ 2.3g/cm
3; Fine aggregate be Pb-Zn tailings through ball milling 2h, cross the Pb-Zn tailings powder that obtains of 300 mesh sieves; Coarse aggregate is Pb-Zn tailings and bar mixture, Pb-Zn tailings and barly mix that to join mass ratio be 1:2; Water reducer is polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
The physicals technical indicator of table 4 embodiment 1 ~ 3 radiation shield concrete
Table 4 illustrates, the every physical of the radiation shield concrete prepared by the inventive method is functional, and homogeneity is high, has good serviceability.
Linear attenuation coefficient (the cm of table 5 embodiment 1 ~ 3 radiation shield concrete
-1)
(*: neutron data A.S.MAKARIOUS, I.I.BASHTERZ, A.EL-SAVED ABDO M.SAMIR ABDELAZIM and W.A.KANSOUH, On the utilization of heavy concrete for radiation shielding. Ann. Nucl. Energy Vol.23, No.3,195-206,1996; Gamma-rays data Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. calculation of radiation attention coefficients for shielding concretes. Ann. Nucl. Eherev.Vol.24, No.17,1389-1401.1997)
Table 5 illustrates, radiation shield concrete prepared by embodiment 1 ~ 3 significantly better than external performance index, has good shielding property to the linear attenuation index of the gamma-rays of varying strength and neutron ray.
Table 6 embodiment 1 ~ 3 radiation shield concrete heavy metal ion leaches index
Table 6 illustrates, the heavy metal ion leaching concentration of the radiation shield concrete prepared by embodiment 1 ~ 3 meets the requirement of GB5085.3-2007 " Hazardous wastes judging standard-leaching characteristic identification ".
Each concrete raw material cited by the present invention, and the bound of each raw material, interval value, and the bound of processing parameter, interval value can realize the present invention, do not enumerate embodiment at this, it all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: by weight, comprise following raw material: water 145 ~ 180 weight part, gelling material 350 ~ 630 weight part, fine aggregate 700 ~ 800 weight part, coarse aggregate 1000 ~ 1500 weight part, water reducer 2.2 ~ 7.8 weight part, steel fiber 35 ~ 75 weight part; Described coarse aggregate is made up of Pb-Zn tailings and barite, described fine aggregate be Pb-Zn tailings through ball milling 2h, cross Pb-Zn tailings powder obtained by 300 mesh sieves.
2. according to claim 1 take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: in described coarse aggregate, Pb-Zn tailings and barly mix that to join mass ratio be 1:(0.2 ~ 3.0).
3. according to claim 1 take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: described water reducer is polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
4. according to claim 1 take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: described Pb-Zn tailings comprises following composition: SiO
250 ~ 55 wt %, CaO 15 ~ 23 wt %, Fe
2o
313 ~ 18 wt %, Al
2o
310 ~ 15 wt %, PbO 0.81 ~ 1.86 wt %, ZnO 0.40 ~ 0.86 wt %, BaO 0.44 ~ 0.52 wt %.
5. according to claim 1 take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: its raw material of described gelling material consists of: the flyash of the cement of 200 ~ 300 weight parts, the silicon ash of 20 ~ 50 weight parts and 30 ~ 60 weight parts.
6. according to claim 5 take Pb-Zn tailings as the radiation shield concrete of raw material, it is characterized in that: described cement is 42.5 grades of ordinary Portland cements.
7. be a preparation method for the radiation shield concrete of raw material as claimed in claim 1 with Pb-Zn tailings, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) add in concrete mixer by gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and steel fiber according to proportioning, mechanical stirring 2 ~ 3min, obtains compound after stirring;
(2) in the compound of gained in step (1), proportionally add water reducer and water, mechanical stirring 2 ~ 3min, obtains mixture paste after stirring, and mixture paste is injected mould and carry out vibrating shaping, namely maintenance obtains radiation shield concrete.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN108424107A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-21 | 济南大学 | A kind of radiation shield concrete |
| CN108609920A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司 | High temperature resistant radiation resistance concrete |
| CN109231920A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of C20 ordinary portland cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109231932A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of barium aluminate cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109231931A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminous cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109320159A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-12 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of low heat micro expanding cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110204276A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-06 | 南京坤元材料有限公司 | A kind of radiation protection air entrained concrete containing Pb-Zn tailings |
| CN110616324A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-12-27 | 苏州重于山新材料科技有限公司 | Method for extracting silver from silver-containing lead-zinc tailings and utilizing waste residues of silver |
| CN111170683A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-05-19 | 北京城建亚泰金砼混凝土有限公司 | Radiation-proof concrete and production process thereof |
| CN111495938A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-07 | 南华大学 | Preparation process for preparing radiation-proof mortar by using lead-zinc tailing sand |
| CN111718163A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-09-29 | 福建省阳山新型建材有限公司 | Porous energy-saving environment-friendly brick made of iron ore tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN112979247A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 杭州华杰商品混凝土有限公司 | Anti-radiation concrete based on barite |
| CN113493338A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-12 | 北京荣露材料科技有限公司 | Geopolymer modified phosphogypsum building material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (15)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108609920A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司 | High temperature resistant radiation resistance concrete |
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| CN108424107A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-21 | 济南大学 | A kind of radiation shield concrete |
| CN109231920A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of C20 ordinary portland cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109231932A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of barium aluminate cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109231931A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminous cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109320159A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-12 | 成都宏基建材股份有限公司 | A kind of low heat micro expanding cement base radiation shield concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110616324A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-12-27 | 苏州重于山新材料科技有限公司 | Method for extracting silver from silver-containing lead-zinc tailings and utilizing waste residues of silver |
| CN110204276A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-06 | 南京坤元材料有限公司 | A kind of radiation protection air entrained concrete containing Pb-Zn tailings |
| CN111170683A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-05-19 | 北京城建亚泰金砼混凝土有限公司 | Radiation-proof concrete and production process thereof |
| CN111495938A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-07 | 南华大学 | Preparation process for preparing radiation-proof mortar by using lead-zinc tailing sand |
| CN111495938B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-07-09 | 南华大学 | Preparation process for preparing radiation-proof mortar by using lead-zinc tailing sand |
| CN111718163A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-09-29 | 福建省阳山新型建材有限公司 | Porous energy-saving environment-friendly brick made of iron ore tailings and preparation method thereof |
| CN112979247A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 杭州华杰商品混凝土有限公司 | Anti-radiation concrete based on barite |
| CN113493338A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-12 | 北京荣露材料科技有限公司 | Geopolymer modified phosphogypsum building material and preparation method thereof |
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