CN101913828B - High anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete and construction process thereof - Google Patents
High anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete and construction process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
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- C04B20/1088—Water
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0017—Refractory metal compounds
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete. The concrete is characterized by comprising water, gelled material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water reducing agent and fibers, wherein the gelled material consists of cement and mineral admixture, and the fibers consist of steel fibers and lead borate polyethylene fibers; and the components have the following proportion: 150 to 170 kg/m<3> of water, 250 to 450 kg/m<3> of cement, 100 to 300 kg/m<3> of mineral admixture, 1,000 to 1,800 kg/m<3> of fine aggregate, 1,500 to 2,200 kg/m<3> of coarse aggregate, water reducing agent in an amount which is 0.6 to 1.2 percent of the total mass of the gelled material, steel fibers in an amount which is 0.5 to 1.5 percent of the total volume of the gelled material, and lead borate polyethylene fibers in an amount which is 0.8 to 1.2 percent of the total volume of the gelled material. The concrete has good physical property and good cracking resistance, and further enhances the radiation resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radiation shielding building materials field, be specifically related to a kind of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete and construction technology thereof.
Background technology
Along with deepening day by day of international energy crisis and approaching day by day that climate change threatens, nuclear energy as a kind of cleaning, efficiently, the energy of low-carbon (LC), stable development in the nuclear energy power generation field.And nuclear installation relies on its excellent multi-functional characteristic (detection, life appraisal, generating etc.), in each big field such as medical treatment, military affairs, scientific research, is also bringing into play more and more important effect.Yet,, human body and surrounding enviroment are existed some security threats because there is the problem of x radiation x in nuclear reactor.Therefore, when greatly developing nuclear installation, must carry out the further investigation of radiation shielding material aspect to its nuclear installation.In present widely used radiation shielding material; Concrete material is big with its good economy performance, composition adjustability; Shielding properties, mechanical property and endurance quality are all better, do not receive advantages such as volume restrictions during especially as the no-mobile reactor shielding material, are used the most widely.Yet; The radiation shield concrete material also exists following problem: at first; Thickness is generally greater than the mass concrete building of 2m often for the shield facility that radiation shield concrete is built, and for this mass concrete, its bigger thickness will cause higher internal-external temperature difference; Thereby cause temperature stress bigger, cause bigger tensile stress and make appearance produce the crack; Second; Concrete beta ray shield facility secular military service process in; Rays such as X, γ and neutron with concrete each moity collision and interaction process in; Can form certain heat effect, thereby cause concrete to produce partial temperature rise and thermal stresses, these also will make large volume radiation-proof concrete produce microfracture.Because radiation shield concrete is being born the task of beta ray shield, surperficial or inner crack and tiny crack will reduce its shielding properties greatly.Thereby the resistance to cleavage that improves radiation shield concrete has great significance to the safety performance that improves its nuclear installation undoubtedly.
Because the material that density is bigger is remarkable to the shield effectiveness of ray; Both at home and abroad generally with the bigger natural crystal of tiff, rhombohedral iron ore, magnetite isodensity and steel section, iron powder, lead powder etc. as the gathering materials of radiation shield concrete, aspect the beta ray shield of nuclear installation, obtaining certain effect.Yet also there are following problems in these uses of gathering materials: the first, the natural crystal limited amount that these density are bigger, a large amount of uses must cause scarcity of resources, blindly ask for the strategic objective that does not meet national sustainable development; The second, steel section, iron powder, lead powder etc. cost an arm and a leg as a kind of metallic substance, also are unwell to a large amount of uses.
Therefore, inquiring into a kind of can the replacement has significant values gathering materials of natural crystal.This seminar finds to contain in certain sludge of sewage treatment plant cupric ion 2.4%, zine ion 1.0%, nickel ion 0.3% through the more domestic chemical plant of investigation, Iron And Steel Plant, paper mill, Electroplate Factory's sedimentary sludge components in blowdown district; Contain mn ion 26.2% in certain Iron And Steel Plant's mud; Contain nickel ion 3.0% in certain Electroplate Factory's tail water place mud, chromium ion 1.3%, and the mud of these high heavy metal content does not still have recycling mode preferably.In seminar's research in early stage; Adopt these mud to prepare and have gathering materials and radiation shield concrete of beta ray shield function; Yet in actual radioprotective mass concrete engineering, also be badly in need of the resistance to cleavage of the large volume radiation-proof concrete of this environment protection type functional aggregates preparation and construction technology are furtherd investigate and optimized.
Summary of the invention
To the crack problem that mass concrete exists, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete and construction technology, reaches the purpose for preparing high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete and guarantee its shielding properties.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete is characterized in that: it is by water, gelling material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water reducer and fibrous, and gelling material is made up of cement and mineral admixture, and fiber is fibrous by steel fiber and lead-boron polythene; Wherein the ratio of each component is: water 150～170kg/m
3, cement 250～450kg/m
3, mineral admixture 100～300kg/m
3, fine aggregate 1000～1800kg/m
3, coarse aggregate 1500～2200kg/m
3, the quality volume of water reducer is 0.6～1.2% of a gelling material total mass, the volume volume of steel fiber is 0.5～1.5% of a gelling material TV; The volume volume of lead-boron polythene fiber is 0.8～1.2% of a gelling material TV;
Described coarse aggregate is environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff, and environment protection type functional aggregates and the bar aglycon amount ratio of mixing are 1: 0.2～3.0, and said coarse aggregate is 5～31.5mm continuous grading, the apparent density 2100～2800kg/m of said environment protection type functional aggregates
3, water-intake rate 1.0%～5.0%, crush values index 6%～16%, said bar apparent density 3800～4200kg/m
3
Described fine aggregate is environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder is 1: 0.2～3.0, the fineness modulus 2.5～3.5 of said fine aggregate, the apparent density 2100～2800kg/m of said environment protection type functional aggregates
3
Press such scheme, described cement is for being cement and the low-heat portland cement with shielding property, and having the cement of shielding property and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of low-heat portland cement is 1～5: 1; Said cement with shielding property is barium cement or strontium cement.
Press such scheme, described mineral admixture is one or both the mixing in flyash, the slag micro powder, and when two kinds of flyash and slag micro powders mixed, the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of flyash and slag micro powder was 1: 1～10.
Press such scheme, described water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
Press such scheme, described environment protection type functional aggregates is to be mixed by major ingredient and auxiliary material, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, carries out the staged calcining, and furnace cooling obtains environment protection type functional aggregates then; The shared mass fraction of each raw material is: 100 parts of major ingredients, 2～10 parts of auxiliary materials;
Described major ingredient is a kind of in municipal sludge, mud or the trade waste;
Described auxiliary material is a kind of in kaolin, clay and the metakaolin.
Press such scheme, described municipal sludge, mud are a kind of in city river, lake silt or life mud and the waste water treatment plant's mud.
Press such scheme, described trade waste is a kind of in the waste after the industrial factory WWTs such as Iron And Steel Plant, printing house, paper mill, chemical plant.
Press such scheme; Described staged incinerating staged calcinating system is: be heated to 105 ℃ of insulation 20min～40min by room temperature; At 450 ℃ of insulation 20min～45min; At 850 ℃ of insulation 20min～30min, at 1100 ℃～1200 ℃ insulation 40min, wherein the temperature rise rate in each stage must not be higher than 10 ℃/min.
The construction technology of aforesaid high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete may further comprise the steps:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in the water more than the 24h before use, because in sintering procedure, there are some spaces, gathering materials needs to carry out the concrete system of mixing behind the water conservation;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control makes the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, and the mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃, and the coarse aggregate temperature is no more than 30 ℃, and the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃; If the cement temperature is higher than 50 ℃, can require cement mill man before cement dispatches from the factory, to place for some time or take other cooling measure, make the cement temperature not be higher than 50 ℃; Temperature to guarantee sand, building stones meets the demands, and can take the sunshade measure, prevents that the sun directly shines sand and building stones;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber dry mixing 15～20s, add entry and water reducer wet-mixing 40～60s again, the broken coarse aggregate of wet-mixing overlong time possibility, thus influence aggregate grading, do not reach closely knit purpose;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build, build thickness 200～500mm for every layer, and vibrate after building completion till closely knit at every layer, each vibrating time 15～30s, the miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm.Closely knit sign is: concrete stops to sink, and no longer emits bubble, smooth, bleeding that the surface is; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing; Form removal; After concrete final set, carry out water storing conservation then; The retaining degree of depth 10～20cm, described covering curing is: cover the wet coverture of one deck at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance, said coverture is a kind of in Sack, straw screen or mat, the bamboo curtain splint.The appearance of plastic shrinkage cracks is avoided in maintenance on the one hand, plays the effect of insulation on the other hand.
Press such scheme, the covering curing described in the step d) is: when running into cold wave, cover two-layer wet gunnysack at each face of concrete; Wrap up layer of plastic film more in the above and carry out maintenance; Postpone striking time, and select in one day the higher moment of temperature to carry out form removal, after the form removal; Brushing curing fluid capable and insulation in time cover, with table temperature difference requirement in satisfying.
The present invention uses the environment-friendly type radiation proof function to gather materials as thick, fine aggregate, can recycling contains city silt mud, the industrial sludge of heavy metal; Cementitious material system is optimized, and compound according to a certain percentage admixture has the cement and the low-heat portland cement of shielding property, when guaranteeing the radiation shield concrete shielding properties, through reducing concrete hydration heat, improves its resistance to cleavage.
In the construction technology of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete provided by the invention: in preparatory process: environment protection type functional aggregates is carried out pre-treatment by certain system; The suction characteristic that discharges water of performance environment protection type functional aggregates; Thereby the concrete that makes its preparation has serviceability preferably, improves its resistance to cleavage; At mix, in the process of building, vibrate respectively through control dry mixing and wet-mixing time, every layer build thickness, the distance etc. of vibrating, improve the degree of compactness of radiation shield concrete, reduce the crackle of fresh concrete; In the maintenance stage, the maintaining process of being taked helps to reduce the hydration heat of this high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, reduces thermal stress, thereby improves the resistance to cleavage of this high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete physicals provided by the invention is good, resistance to cleavage good (seeing table 1);
(2) construction technology provided by the invention has improved the resistance to cleavage of this high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, thereby has further strengthened its shielding property.
The performance index of table 1 high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention through embodiment below, but the present invention not only is confined to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1-3: the preparation of environment protection type functional aggregates
Embodiment 1
According to proportion of raw materials in the table 2, get 100 parts of wastes after (quality) chemical plant, city WWT and make major ingredient, add 2 parts of (quality) kaolin and make auxiliary material; Mix, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, carry out the staged calcining, staged incinerating calcinating system is (seeing table 3): 105 ℃ of insulation 40min; At 450 ℃ of insulation 45min, at 850 ℃ of insulation 30min, at 1200 ℃ of insulation 40min; Wherein the temperature rise rate in each stage must not be higher than 10 ℃/min; Furnace cooling promptly got environment protection type functional aggregates after calcining finished, and measured its physicals and saw table 4, and its TCLP value is seen table 5.
Proportion of raw materials in each environment protection type functional aggregates among each embodiment of table 2
The staged calcinating system of environment protection type functional aggregates among each embodiment of table 3
Embodiment 2～3
Method with reference to embodiment 1; Choose raw material according to each proportion of raw materials in the table 2; Carry out the staged calcining according to the staged calcinating system in the table 3, wherein the temperature rise rate in each stage must not be higher than 10C/min, and furnace cooling promptly got environment protection type functional aggregates after calcining finished; Measure its physical performance index and see table 4, its TCLP value is seen table 5.
The physical performance index of environment protection type functional aggregates among each embodiment of table 4
The TCLP value of environment protection type functional aggregates among each embodiment of table 5
Table 4 shows: the crush values of the environment protection type functional aggregates that embodiment 1-3 obtains≤25%, water-intake rate are 1～5%, and apparent density is 2100～2800kg/m
3, cylindrical compress strength>=7.0MPa, physicals is excellent.
Table 5 shows: the TCLP value of each heavy metal harm component all is significantly less than permissible value in the environment protection type functional aggregates that embodiment 1-3 obtains, and satisfies the TCLP index request.
Embodiment 4-7: the preparation of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete
Embodiment 4
The proportioning of each raw material in the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of table 6 embodiment 4
Annotate: the quality volume of water reducer accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material total mass with it, and the volume volume of fiber accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material TV with it.
Among the embodiment 4: described cement is barium cement and low-heat portland cement, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of barium cement and low-heat portland cement is 3: 1, and mineral admixture is a slag micro powder; Environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder that said fine aggregate prepares for embodiment 1, mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 1.5, the fineness modulus of this fine aggregate is 2.5～3.5; Environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff that said coarse aggregate prepares for embodiment 1, mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 2.5, said bar apparent density is 3800～4200kg/m
3
Proportioning raw materials according in the table 4 is chosen raw material, by following construction technology, and the preparation high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, its physicals technical indicator is listed in table 10, and it is to the gamma-rays linear attenuation coefficient and the neutron ray total macroscopic cross section is listed in table 11.Construction technology is following:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in 24h in the water before use;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control; Wherein the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, otherwise necessarily requires cement producer before cement dispatches from the factory, to place for some time or take other cooling measure; Sand, building stones will be taked the sunshade measure, prevent that the sun directly shines; Make the coarse aggregate temperature be no more than 30 ℃, the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃; The mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber dry mixing 15s, add entry and water reducer wet-mixing 40s again;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build; Build thickness 200mm for every layer, and vibrate till closely knit each vibrating time 15～30s after building completion at every layer; The miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm; Closely knit sign is: concrete stops to sink, and no longer emits bubble, smooth, bleeding that the surface is; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing, water storing conservation is carried out in form removal then after concrete final set, retaining degree of depth 15cm, and described covering curing is: cover the Sack that one deck is wet at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance.
Embodiment 5
The proportioning of each raw material in the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of table 7 embodiment 5
Annotate: the quality volume of water reducer accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material total mass with it, and the volume volume of fiber accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material TV with it.
Among the embodiment 5: described cement is barium cement and low-heat portland cement, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of barium cement and low-heat portland cement is 1: 1, and mineral admixture is a flyash; Environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder that fine aggregate prepares for embodiment 3; Mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 1.8; The fineness modulus of this fine aggregate is 2.5～3.5; Environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff that coarse aggregate prepares for embodiment 3, mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 1.0, said bar apparent density is 3800～4200kg/m
3
Proportioning raw materials according in the table 7 is chosen raw material, by following construction technology, and the preparation high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, its physicals technical indicator is listed in table 10, and it is to the gamma-rays linear attenuation coefficient and the neutron ray total macroscopic cross section is listed in table 11.Construction technology is following:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in 24h in the water before use;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control; Wherein the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, otherwise necessarily requires cement producer before cement dispatches from the factory, to place for some time or take other cooling measure; Sand, building stones will be taked the sunshade measure, prevent that the sun directly shines, and make the coarse aggregate temperature be no more than 30 ℃, and the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃; The mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber, dry mixing 20s adds entry and water reducer wet-mixing, wet-mixing 60s again;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build; Build thickness 250mm for every layer, and vibrate till closely knit each vibrating time 15～30s after building completion at every layer; The miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm; Closely knit sign is: concrete stops to sink, and no longer emits bubble, smooth, bleeding that the surface is; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing, water storing conservation is carried out in form removal then after concrete final set, retaining degree of depth 15cm, and described covering curing is: cover the straw screen or mat that one deck is wet at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance.
Embodiment 6
The proportioning of each raw material in the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of table 8 embodiment 6
Annotate: the quality volume of water reducer accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material total mass with it, and the volume volume of fiber accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material TV with it.
Among the embodiment 6: described cement is barium cement and low-heat portland cement, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of barium cement and low-heat portland cement is 3.7: 1, and mineral admixture is slag micro powder and flyash, and it is 1: 1 that its quality is mixed mixing ratio; Environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder that fine aggregate prepares for embodiment 2; Mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 0.2; The fineness modulus of this fine aggregate is 2.5～3.5; Environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff that coarse aggregate prepares for embodiment 2, mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 3.0, said bar apparent density is 3800～4200kg/m
3
Proportioning raw materials according in the table 8 is chosen raw material, by following construction technology, and the preparation high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, its physicals technical indicator is listed in table 10, and it is to the gamma-rays linear attenuation coefficient and the neutron ray total macroscopic cross section is listed in table 11.Construction technology is following:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in 24h in the water before use;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control; Wherein the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, otherwise necessarily requires cement producer before cement dispatches from the factory, to place for some time or take other cooling measure; Sand, building stones will be taked the sunshade measure, prevent that the sun directly shines; Make the coarse aggregate temperature be no more than 30 ℃, the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃; The mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber dry mixing 20s, add entry and water reducer wet-mixing 50s again;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build; Build thickness 300mm for every layer, and vibrate till closely knit each vibrating time 15～30s after building completion at every layer; The miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm; Closely knit sign is: concrete stops to sink, and no longer emits bubble, smooth, bleeding that the surface is; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing, water storing conservation is carried out in form removal then after concrete final set, retaining degree of depth 15cm, and described covering curing is: cover the bamboo curtain splint that one deck is wet at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance.
Embodiment 7
The proportioning of each raw material in the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of table 9 embodiment 7
Annotate: the quality volume of water reducer accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material total mass with it, and the volume volume of fiber accounts for the percentage ratio metering of gelling material TV with it.
Among the embodiment 7: described cement is barium cement and low-heat portland cement, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of barium cement and low-heat portland cement is 5: 1, and mineral admixture is slag micro powder and flyash, and it is 10: 1 that its quality is mixed mixing ratio; Environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder that fine aggregate prepares for embodiment 1; Mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 3.0; The fineness modulus of this fine aggregate is 2.5～3.5; Environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff that coarse aggregate prepares for embodiment 1, mixing aglycon amount ratio is 1: 0.2, said bar apparent density is 3800～4200kg/m
3
Proportioning raw materials according in the table 9 is chosen raw material, by following construction technology, and the preparation high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, its physicals technical indicator is listed in table 10, and it is to the gamma-rays linear attenuation coefficient and the neutron ray total macroscopic cross section is listed in table 11.Construction technology is following:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in 24h in the water before use;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control; Wherein the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, otherwise necessarily requires cement producer before cement dispatches from the factory, to place for some time or take other cooling measure; Sand, building stones will be taked the sunshade measure, prevent that the sun directly shines; Make the coarse aggregate temperature be no more than 30 ℃, the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃; The mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber, dry mixing 20s adds entry and water reducer wet-mixing 50s again;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build; Build thickness 400mm for every layer, and vibrate till closely knit each vibrating time 15～30s after building completion at every layer; The miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm; Closely knit sign is: concrete stops to sink, and no longer emits bubble, smooth, bleeding that the surface is; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing, water storing conservation is carried out in form removal then after concrete final set, retaining degree of depth 15cm, and described covering curing is: cover the bamboo curtain splint that one deck is wet at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance.
The technical indicator of table 10 high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete
The gamma-rays linear attenuation coefficient of table 11 high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete reaches neutron ray total macroscopic cross section (cm-1)
(*: neutron data A.S.MAKARIOUS; I.I.BASHTERZ; A.EL-SAVED ABDO M.SAMIR ABDEL AZIMand W.A.KANSOUH, On the utilization of heavy concrete for radiation shielding.Ann.Nucl.Energy Vol.23, No.3; 195-206,1996; Gamma-rays data Faculty of Science; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.calculation of radiationattention coefficients for shielding concretes.Ann.Nucl.Eherev.Vol.24; No.17,1389-1401.1997).
Table 10 explanation: the slump and the divergence of the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of the present invention's preparation are good, and resistance to cleavage is excellent, has good working performance.
Table 11 explanation: the shielding properties of the high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete of the present invention's preparation reaches external performance index, has good shielding properties.
Claims (8)
1. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete, it is characterized in that: it is by water, gelling material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water reducer and fibrous, and gelling material is made up of cement and mineral admixture, and fiber is fibrous by steel fiber and lead-boron polythene; Wherein the ratio of each component is: water 150～170kg/m
3, cement 250～450kg/m
3, mineral admixture 100～300kg/m
3, fine aggregate 1000～1800kg/m
3, coarse aggregate 1500～2200kg/m
3, the quality volume of water reducer is 0.6～1.2% of a gelling material total mass, the volume volume of steel fiber is 0.5～1.5% of a gelling material TV; The volume volume of lead-boron polythene fiber is 0.8～1.2% of a gelling material TV;
Described cement is for being cement and the low-heat portland cement with shielding property, and having the cement of shielding property and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of low-heat portland cement is 1～5: 1; Said cement with shielding property is barium cement or strontium cement;
Described coarse aggregate is environment protection type functional aggregates and tiff, and environment protection type functional aggregates and the bar aglycon amount ratio of mixing are 1: 0.2～3.0, and said coarse aggregate is 5～31.5mm continuous grading, said bar apparent density 3800～4200kg/m
3
Described fine aggregate is environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder, and the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of environment protection type functional aggregates and lead powder is 1: 0.2～3.0, the fineness modulus 2.5～3.5 of said fine aggregate;
Described environment protection type functional aggregates is to be mixed by major ingredient and auxiliary material, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, carries out the staged calcining, and furnace cooling obtains environment protection type functional aggregates then; The shared mass fraction of each raw material is: 100 parts of major ingredients, 2～10 parts of auxiliary materials;
Described major ingredient is a kind of in municipal sludge, mud or the trade waste;
Described auxiliary material is a clay;
Apparent density 2100～the 2800kg/m of said environment protection type functional aggregates
3, water-intake rate 1.0%～5.0%, crush values index 6%～16%.
2. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described mineral admixture is one or both the mixing in flyash, the slag micro powder; During two kinds of mixing of flyash and slag micro powder, the aglycon amount of the mixing ratio of flyash and slag micro powder is 1: 1～10.
3. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
4. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described municipal sludge, mud are a kind of in city river, lake silt or life mud and the waste water treatment plant's mud.
5. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described trade waste is a kind of in the waste after Iron And Steel Plant, printing house, paper mill, the chemical plant WWT.
6. high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described staged incinerating staged calcinating system is: be heated to 105 ℃ of insulation 20min～40min by room temperature; At 450 ℃ of insulation 20min～45min; At 850 ℃ of insulation 20min～30min, at 1100 ℃～1200 ℃ insulation 40min, wherein the temperature rise rate in each stage must not be higher than 10 ℃/min.
7. the construction technology of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A) preparatory process
Environment protection type functional aggregates is dipped in the water more than the 24h before use;
The temperature of strict each raw material of control makes the temperature of cement must not be higher than 50 ℃, and the mineral admixture temperature is no more than 35 ℃, and the coarse aggregate temperature is no more than 30 ℃, and the fine aggregate temperature is no more than 32 ℃;
B) concrete mix
At first add gelling material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fiber dry mixing 15～20s, add entry and water reducer wet-mixing 40～60s again;
C) concretely build and vibrate
Adopt the placement layer by layer method to build, build thickness 200～500mm for every layer, and vibrate after building completion till closely knit at every layer, each vibrating time 15～30s, the miles of relative movement of vibrating spear is less than 400mm; Then before the last layer concrete initial set, the building, vibrate of following one deck, concrete vibrating mode is as above;
D) concrete maintenance
Behind concrete initial set, carry out covering curing; Form removal; After concrete final set, carry out water storing conservation then; The retaining degree of depth 10～20cm, described covering curing is: cover the wet coverture of one deck at least at concrete surface and carry out maintenance, said coverture is a kind of in Sack, straw screen or mat, the bamboo curtain splint.
8. the construction technology of high anti-cracking large volume radiation-proof concrete according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: the covering curing described in the step d) is: when running into cold wave, cover two-layer wet gunnysack at each face of concrete, wrap up layer of plastic film more in the above and carry out maintenance; Postpone striking time; And select in one day the higher moment of temperature to carry out form removal, after the form removal, brushing curing fluid capable and insulation in time cover.
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| CN110831314A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Cyclotron ionizing radiation self-shielding device of magnet yoke external isotope target system |
| US20230174426A1 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-06-08 | Omya International Ag | Barite for heavy metal removal |
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