CN104982666B - Purposes of the Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance - Google Patents
Purposes of the Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses purposes of the Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance, belong to the application field of Tea Saponin.The present invention adds the Tea Saponin of various dose on the basis of milk cow daily diet, investigates influence of the Tea Saponin to cow producing milk performance and milk-quality.The result shows that the additive amount of Tea Saponin is 20 40g/d, milk production of cow can be improved, improves the butterfat percnetage of cow's milk, reduces the urea nitrogen content in cow's milk, and saturated fatty acid content can be substantially reduced, improves 6 race's fatty acid proportions of n 3/n.Therefore, Tea Saponin can be applied to improve the Milk Production or Milk Quality of milk cow as feed addictive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the purposes of the new application of Tea Saponin more particularly to Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance, belong to
In the application field of Tea Saponin.
Background technology
During milk cattle cultivating, the production performance and disease-fighting capabilities of milk cow can be by external environment, feed nutritions
The influence of the factors such as horizontal and pathogenic microorganism invasion, these factors will have a direct impact on the productivity effect of milk cow.With consumer
Increase year by year to cow's milk demand requires milk-quality also more stringent.Though Chinese milk yield is all increased every year, breast
Quality problem but repeated, and seriously affect sales volume and the outlet of milk product.
Tea Saponin (C57H90O16) it is the ester saponin detached from Camellia Plants.Pure Tea Saponin is fine white column knot
Crystal is yellow or brown ceramic powder, pH 5.0~6.5, fusing point is 223~224 DEG C, surface when active matter content is more than 60%
Tension is 47~51N.Numerous studies prove that appropriate Tea Saponin is added in animal diet can improve its production performance, improve
Immunity of organisms improves animal product quality.But the influence report in relation to Tea Saponin to cow producing milk performance and milk-quality is less.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide new use of the Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance and milk-quality
On the way.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
The invention discloses purposes of the Tea Saponin in improving cow producing milk performance；
The present invention further discloses purposes of the Tea Saponin in the Milk Quality for improving milk cow.
Wherein, the feeding dosage of the Tea Saponin is 20-40g/d；Preferably, the feeding dosage of Tea Saponin is 20-30g/
d；Most preferably 30g/d.
The present invention is not particularly limited dairy bread, preferably holstein cow；The Milk Quality for improving milk cow
Including：The butterfat percnetage for improving cow's milk, reduces the urea nitrogen content of cow's milk, reduces the saturated fatty acid content of cow's milk or improves cow's milk
It is one or more in middle n-3/n-6 races fatty acid proportion.
The present invention is investigated Tea Saponin and is produced to milk cow by the Tea Saponin of addition different amounts on the basis of milk cow basal diet
Milk amount, milk butterfat percnetage, urea nitrogen and the influence to butterfat acid composition.The result shows that addition 20-30g/d Tea Saponins
It is improved the trend of the lactating cow output of milk, but is not significantly different (P between control group>0.05)；Add 32-40g/d tea
Saponin milk production of cow significantly reduces (P compared with control group<0.05), illustrate that high dose Tea Saponin has inhibition to make the output of milk of milk cow
With.
Fat in cow's milk is its important component, and weighs the important indicator of milk quality, even more milk is made to make
For the essential condition containing high-nutrition food, butterfat percnetage is of great significance for the height of raising dairy cattle economic benefit.This hair
It is bright the experimental results showed that, Tea Saponin dosage is below control group, and variation tendency in 8-28g/d, test group totality milk fat levels
It reaches unanimity with control group, each experimental stage does not show notable difference (P>0.05)；Tea Saponin dosage 30g/d, is being raised
It tests the 14-42 days, butterfat percnetage significantly improves (P compared with control group<0.05), be respectively increased 41.1%, 45.9%, 37.3%,
36.2% and 38.1% (P<0.05).For Tea Saponin dosage in 32-40g/d, test group butterfat percnetage level is higher than control group, but difference
Not significantly.As it can be seen that addition 30g Tea Saponins have not significant impact the output of milk of milk cow, but considerably improve butterfat percnetage.
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) is one of the Testing index of performance test (DHI) indispensability, can reflect milk cow in time
Daily ration level, rumen degradable protein content and energy nitrogen balance etc..In general, urea nitrogen is excessively high in milk illustrates egg in daily ration
White matter too high levels or energy are insufficient.Influence of the Tea Saponin of the present invention to cow's milk urea nitrogen the result shows that, each test group is integrally urinated
Plain nitrogen level is reduced compared with control group；Wherein, 30-40g/d Tea Saponins group relatively control reduces significantly (P<0.05)；And 30g/d tea soaps
Plain group at the 14-42 days, decline was most notable, substantially less than control and other test groups, had dropped respectively compared with the control group
18.9%-26.0% (P<0.05).
Butterfat be determine cow's milk nutritive value one of important indicator, mainly by aliphatic acid form and content determine butterfat
Nutritive value.Fatty acid radical can be divided into three classes according to hydrocarbon saturation with undersaturated difference, and butterfat is about containing mass fraction
70% saturated fatty acid (SFA), 27% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 3% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)；
If containing be easy to causeing the increase of blood middle cholesterol content if a large amount of SFA in cow's milk, and then improves the mankind to suffer from artery hard
The risk of the diseases such as change and coronary heart disease；And PUFA has the function of reducing cholesterolemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, it can
To reduce the risk that the mankind suffer from the diseases such as coronary heart disease；PUFA refers to the aliphatic acid containing 2 and 2 or more double bonds in carbochain, is pressed
According to the n numbering systems of aliphatic acid, PUFA is broadly divided into n-3, n-6, n-7 and n-9 these types, during Chinese Soclety of Nutrition also discloses
The optimal collocation of n-3/n-6 is 1 in state's Dietary Pattern of Residents：4-6 can evaluate milk cow dairy products by n-3/n-6 ratios
The quality of matter.
For the SFA in cow's milk, 30g dosage groups SFA contents of the present invention are remarkably decreased (P compared with control group<0.05)；
It tests the 14-42 days, is remarkably decreased 16.7%, 19.8%, 24.6%, 29.6% and 21.0% (P compared with control group respectively<
0.05), show that the Tea Saponin of 30g dosage can play the role of significantly reducing cow's milk saturated fatty acid content.Add Tea Saponin
N-3/n-6 values can be improved, Tea Saponin dosage is 30g, and when testing the 21-42 days, n-3/n-6 values significantly carry compared with the control group
51.5%, 20.6%, 23.3% and 18.0% (P has been respectively increased in height<0.05), n-3/n-6 values are closer to 0.17~0.25.
To sum up, the present invention adds the Tea Saponin of optimal dose with the work for the Milk Production and Milk Quality for improving milk cow
With；The additive amount of Tea Saponin is 30g/d, can improve milk production of cow, significantly improves butterfat percnetage, significantly reduces and is saturated in cow's milk
Content of fatty acid and raising n-3/n-6 races fatty acid proportion.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, the advantages and features of the present invention will be with description and
It is apparent.It should be understood that described, examples are merely exemplary, does not constitute any restrictions to the scope of the present invention.This field
Technical staff should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and
Form is modified or is replaced, but these modifications or substitutions each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
1, material
Tea Saponin is purchased from Zhejiang east Changshan branch company of Tea Industry Co., Ltd, saponin content >=56%；
Holstein cow is by two offers of Beijing ternary green lotus milk cattle cultivating center south mouth.
The preparation of 1 cow feed additive of embodiment
Each raw material (unit is weighed according to following weight：kg)：Tea Saponin 0.5, carrier DEXTROSE ANHYDROUS 8 are uniformly mixed, i.e.,
.
The preparation of 2 cow feed additive of embodiment
Each raw material (unit is weighed according to following weight：kg)：Tea Saponin 1, carrier dextrin 6, be uniformly mixed to get.
The preparation of 3 cow feed additive of embodiment
Each raw material (unit is weighed according to following weight：kg)：Tea Saponin 2, carrier starch 7.5, be uniformly mixed to get.
Influence of the 1 different level Tea Saponin of test example to cow producing milk performance
1, test method
1.1 test periods and place
It is tested in July, 2014 to September in two, Beijing ternary green lotus milk cattle cultivating center south mouth.1.2 test materials and
Experimental animal
Tea Saponin, saponin content >=56%；Holstein cow.
1.3 experimental designs and feeding and management method
According to principle similar in milk production of cow, lactation age in days, parity, selection health, the Early-lactation lotus without disease this
Smooth milk cow is randomly divided into 9 groups, every group 5, respectively control group, experiment 1-8 groups.Pass through trial test in 7 days before formal test, in advance
Start formal test after the test, it is positive to try 35 days phases, totally 42 days entire experimental period.
It is to be freely eaten, drink water to test raising dairy cattle pattern, and free movement dissipates formula management.Control group and each test group
The Tea Saponin of feeding addition 0g/d, 8g/d, 20g/d, 25g/d, 28g/d, 30g/d, 32g/d, 35g/d and 40g/d are in complete respectively
In mixed ration (TMR), each group basal diet is identical.Feeding time and mode are disposable by Tea Saponin when being feeding every morning
It adds and feeds by cow head, every morning (8:00), afternoon (14:00), evening (21:00) co-extrusion milk 3 times.Test the group of daily ration
At and nutritional ingredient refer to table 1.
1 TMR of table compositions and trophic level (dry matter basis)
2, testing index and method
2.1 dry matter intake
When if any residual feed, then it must weigh up the surplus of daily ration in detail daily, measure its feed intake, to calculate milk cow
The daily net amount of eating.
2.2 the output of milk
The output of milk is measured since pre-feeding period to off-test, records early, middle and late 3 outputs of milk of test ox daily.With
7 days are a measurement stage, calculate separately the stage average milk production, entire experimental period is divided into 6 stages.
2.3 milk butterfat percnetages, urea nitrogen content
Each measurement stage (entire experimental period 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d, 42d) is (early in output of milk ratio：In：Evening
=4：3：3) 50ml milk samples to be collected altogether, are placed in DHI Special sample bottles, 0.6mg potassium bichromate preservatives are added in every milliliter of milk sample,
It is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, send rapidly to Beijing ternary milk cow center, breast is measured using fully-automatic supersonic analysis of milk composition instrument
The content of fat, urea nitrogen.The specific collection method of milk sample is as follows：The cattle farm uses duct type milker, milk metering device to take
Band takes milk device, and turning on the switch directly to be placed in milk in DHI pipes.
2.4 butterfat acid contents measure
2.4.1 sampling and analysis
Sample time and proportioning are identical as step 2.3, acquire 150mL milk samples altogether and are divided in three 50mL centrifuge tubes, often
Pipe about 50mL, acquisition are finished and are put into ice chest, are shipped back laboratory storage and aliphatic acid composition to be measured and are contained in -20 DEG C of refrigerators
Amount.
Method uses second order using gas chromatography with reference to GB 5413.27-2010 using 19 carbon fatty acids as internal standard
Programmed temperature method separation detection.
2.4.2 instrument and reagent
Gas chromatograph：Shimadzu HP6890 matches flame ionization ditector (FID), autosampler；
High pure nitrogen (99.99%)；
High-purity hydrogen (99.99%)；
Steel cylinder normal air；
37 kinds of fatty acid methyl esters mix mark, 19 carbon fatty acid methyl esters, CLA methyl esters are added in the same sample injection bottle, into rower
The measurement of quasi- spectrogram；
Test agents useful for same and preparation method：
This method agents useful for same is the pure above specification of analysis, and water is the level-one water of GB/T6682 defineds.
The chloro- methanol solution of acetyl (volume fraction 10%)；Prepared before use；
19 carbon fatty acid methyl ester solutions：19 carbon fatty acid methacrylate calibrations of precise 1g, are accurate to 0.0001g,
It all is added to solution in toluene, is settled to toluene in dry 1000mL volumetric flasks.- 20 DEG C save backup, before use
30min taking-ups are placed at room temperature for.
2.4.3 the extraction of aliphatic acid and esterification method in milk sample
It takes 5mL milk samples to be placed in small beaker, records the weight of dry preceding milk sample, be then placed into vacuum freeze drier
Upper -80 DEG C of freeze-dryings, dry milk sample powdering, color is off-white color.Milk sample sample after drying is placed in drier,
Then the extraction of aliphatic acid is carried out rapidly.
It takes the drying milk sample sample of 0.1g or so to be put into the test tube with screw lid, records sample weighting amount.It is added in the sample
10% 19 carbon fatty acid methyl esters toluene solution of chloroacetic chloride methanol solution 4.0mL, 3.5mL, 1.5mL toluene screw test tube spiral
Lid, it is 2h in -80 ± 1 DEG C of water-bath that concussion mixing, which is placed on temperature, and during which taking out test tube every 20min shakes once.Water-bath knot
Test tube is taken out after beam to be cooled to room temperature, 5mL sodium carbonate liquors are added in sample liquid after the reaction, is stood overnight.Take 0.6mL supernatants
Liquid is added as test solution in sample injection bottle, gas chromatograph for determination.
2.4.4 gas chromatographic detection condition
Chromatographic column：DB-23；
Capillary column：60m × 0.25mm, 250 μm of internal diameter；
Sample size：1μL；
Column temperature temperature program：60 DEG C of holding 1min are arrived then with 20 DEG C/min to 150 DEG C of holding 10min with 5 DEG C/min
190 DEG C of holding 25min, with 20 DEG C/min to 200 DEG C of holding 20min, then with 10 DEG C/min to 220 DEG C of holding 5min.Total fortune
The row time is 36min.
Split ratio：30:1；
Injector temperature：250℃；
Detector temperature：300℃；
The calculation formula of cow's milk content of fatty acid：
Cow's milk single fat acid content=(C19：0 weight/C19:0 peak area × single fat acid peak area)/(sample weight
Cow's milk weight before amount/dry matter weight × drying).
2.5 data processings and statistical analysis
Experimental basis data are for statistical analysis with SPSS17.0 after 2007 edits of Excel.Test each group it
Between difference using single-factor variance (One-way ANOVA) analyze, Multiple range test use the least significant difference (LSD), knot
Fruit average value ± standard error (Mean ± SE) expression, level of signifiance P<0.05.
3, test result
Influence of 3.1 Tea Saponins to cow feeding amount
Influence of the Tea Saponin to every daily average feed intake of milk cow is shown in Table 2.
Influence (kg/ head/day) of 2 Tea Saponin of table to cow feeding amount
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
The result shows that addition different level Tea Saponin is smaller on the influence of lactating cow average daily gain, difference is not notable
(P>0.05)。
Influence of 3.2 Tea Saponins to milk production of cow
Tea Saponin is shown in Table 3 to milk production of cow influence.
Influence (kg/ head/day) of 3 Tea Saponin of table to milk production of cow
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
Table 3 the result shows that, entire experimental stage test 1-5 groups the output of milk and control group between be not significantly different (P
>0.05)；Wherein, Tea Saponin dosage has different degrees of raising in 8-30g/d, milk production of cow；In experiment the 21st day, examination
The output of milk for testing 5 groups (30g/d) is maximum compared with control group amplification, increases 7.37kg, illustrates that adding appropriate Tea Saponin is improved lactation
The trend of milk production of cow.
Tea Saponin dosage significantly reduces (P in 32-40g/d, milk production of cow compared with control group<0.05)；Wherein, 8 groups are tested
(40g/d) output of milk reduces most notable, experiment the 14th day compared with control group, and the output of milk of 8 groups of experiment is compared with control group the biggest drop, drop
Low 27.9% (P<0.05)；It tests the 42nd day, the output of milk of 8 groups of experiment reduces 22.7% (P than control group<0.05), explanation
High dose group has inhibiting effect to the output of milk of milk cow.
Influence of 3.3 Tea Saponins to cow's milk milk composition
3.3.1 influence of the Tea Saponin to cow's milk butterfat percnetage
Influence of the Tea Saponin to cow's milk butterfat percnetage is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 adds influence (%) of the Tea Saponin of different level to cow's milk butterfat percnetage
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
The result shows that Tea Saponin dosage, in 8-28g/d, test group totality milk fat levels are below control group, and change and
Gesture reaches unanimity with control group, and each experimental stage does not show notable difference (P>0.05)；Tea Saponin dosage in 30-40g/d,
Test group butterfat percnetage level is above control group.Wherein, Tea Saponin dosage 30g/d, in feeding experiment the 14-42 days, butterfat percnetage
(P is significantly improved compared with control group<0.05) 41.1%, 45.9%, 37.3%, 36.2% and 38.1% (P, has been respectively increased<
0.05)。
As it can be seen that although addition 30g Tea Saponins have not significant impact the output of milk of milk cow, butterfat is considerably improved
Rate.
3.3.2 influence of the Tea Saponin to cow's milk urea nitrogen
Influence of the Tea Saponin to cow's milk urea nitrogen is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 adds influence (%) of the Tea Saponin of different level to cow's milk urea nitrogen
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
As seen from the results in Table 5, each test group entirety urea nitrogen levels are reduced compared with control group；Wherein, experiment 5-8 groups relatively compare
Reduce significantly (P<0.05).And test group 5 declined most notable, substantially less than control and experiment 6-8 groups at the 14-42 days.
At 14 days, 5 urea nitrogen levels of test group have dropped 24.3% (P compared with the control group<0.05)；When testing the 21st day, urea
Nitrogen level has dropped 18.9% (P compared with the control group<0.05)；At the 28th, 35 day, urea nitrogen levels were divided compared with the control group
23.1% (P is not had dropped<And 26.0% (P 0.05)<0.05)；It is 21.1% (P compared with the control group range of decrease at the 42nd day<
0.05)。
It these results suggest that, Tea Saponin can reduce the urea nitrogen in cow's milk, and 30g dosage groups decline most notable.
3.3.3 influence of the Tea Saponin to SFA in cow's milk
Influence of the Tea Saponin to SFA in each test group cow's milk is shown in Table 6.
Table 6 adds influence of the Tea Saponin of different level to SFA in cow's milk
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
As known from Table 6,5 groups of SFA contents are tested to be remarkably decreased compared with control group；When testing the 14th day, 5 groups of experiment relatively compares
Group is remarkably decreased 16.7% (P<0.05)；It tests the 21st, 28 day, the SFA contents of 5 groups of experiment reduce 19.8% compared with control group,
24.6% (P<0.05)；35th day, 5 groups of experiment reduced 29.6% (P compared with the control group<0.05)；At the 42nd day, experiment 5
Group reduces 21.0% (P compared with the control group<0.05).
The result shows that the Tea Saponin of 30g dosage can play the role of reducing cow's milk saturated fatty acid content.
3.3.4 influence of the Tea Saponin to n-3/n-6 in cow's milk
Influence of the Tea Saponin to n-3/n-6 in each test group cow's milk is shown in Table 7.
Table 7 adds influence of the Tea Saponin of different level to n-3/n-6 in cow's milk
Note：Shoulder mark is gone together in table containing the not notable (P of identical lowercase letter indication difference>0.05)；Shoulder mark go together without identical
Lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05).
When testing the 7th day, 2 groups of n-3/n-6 values of experiment significantly improve 6.3% (P compared with control group<0.05)；Experiment the
At 14 days, experiment 2-4,6-8 group n-3/n-6 values decline compared with control group, and significant difference (P<0.05)；In experiment the 21-42 days
When, 5 groups of n-3/n-6 values of experiment significantly improve compared with the control group, and 51.5%, 20.6%, 23.3% and has been respectively increased
18.0% (P<0.05).
Test result shows that addition Tea Saponin can improve n-3/n-6 races fatty acid proportion, when Tea Saponin dosage is 30g
N-3/n-6 values are closer to 0.17~0.25.
Claims (2)
1. purposes of the Tea Saponin in the Milk Quality for improving milk cow, which is characterized in that including：Tea soap is added in dairy cow diet
The additive amount of element, the Tea Saponin is that every ox adds 30g daily；It is described improve milk cow Milk Quality include：Improve cow's milk
Butterfat percnetage, reduce the urea nitrogen content of cow's milk, reduce cow's milk saturated fatty acid content or improve cow's milk in n-3/n-6 races fat
Fat acid ratio it is one or more.
2. purposes described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The milk cow is holstein cow.
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| CN105707483A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-06-29 | 北京农学院 | Feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof |
| CN105901342A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 北京农学院 | Milk cow feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105831438B (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2020-02-07 | 北京农学院 | Cow feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105876177A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-24 | 北京农学院 | Tea saponin feed for beef cattle and preparation method of tea saponin feed |
| CN105901314A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 北京农学院 | Tea saponin feed for dairy cow and preparation method of same |
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