CN104977259A - 一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法及在药物筛选中的应用 - Google Patents
一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法及在药物筛选中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法。该方法包括提取来自生物体的具有活性的血小板样品、用溶媒将血小板悬液稀释;转移至微孔板中孵育、加入一定浓度的刺激剂、用酶标仪的动力学方法测定、通过测定得到血小板聚集率等步骤。本方法可以用于临床快速评价血小板的活性,也可用于多个靶点的抗血栓药物的高通量筛选,包括环氧化酶抑制剂,ADP受体抑制剂,蛋白激活酶受体抑制剂和血小板表面GPIIb/IIIa受体抑制剂等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种血小板聚集的测定方法以及该方法在药物研发领域的应用。
背景技术
血小板在生理性止血、维持血管壁完整性以及某些病理过程,如血栓形成、动脉粥样硬化、不稳定性心绞痛、肿瘤转移和炎症反应等过程中起着重要作用。大量研究表明,血小板的激活和聚集是体内血栓形成的始动因素,亦是血栓形成过程中最关键的成份之一。临床常见的危重急症如心性猝死、心肌梗死、脑卒中、肺梗死等均是血栓性疾病。因此,血小板功能检测对早期发现血栓风险以及血小板相关疾病的诊断和治疗有着重要的意义。
冠状动脉动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂后血小板的黏附、聚集和激活是冠状动脉血栓形成的重要基础。抗血小板药物可通过不同途径阻断血小板的聚集和激活,能够有效地防止冠状动脉粥样硬化血栓的形成。抗血小板治疗是防治冠状动脉粥样硬化血栓形成非常重要的手段。目前抗血小板药物主要有血小板二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受体拮抗剂、血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂、蛋白酶激活受体PAR1拮抗剂和血栓素TXA2受体拮抗剂等。
目前临床上常用的能够量化检测血小板功能的方法主要有光学比浊法和血小板诱导聚集比浊法分述如下:
1、光学比浊法测定血小板聚集率(LTA)是最经典的血小板功能检测方法,常作为诊断研究用的金标准,与临床事件的相关性很好。具体方法:首先分离富含血小板血浆,加入激活物后促进血小板与血小板之间的聚合,再以贫血小板血浆作为对照测定样品的透光度,如果血小板聚集,则透光度降低。LTA方法的特点是可以采用特异性激活物,从而检测不同抗血小板药物的效果,如采用花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集率可反映机体对阿司匹林治疗的反应性,采用ADP作为诱导剂则主要反映对氯吡格雷(或其他噻吩并吡啶类药物)治疗的反应性。其主 要缺点包括:血样处理要求在短时间内完成、重复检测变异较大、采血量相对较大、需分离富含血小板血浆因而样品处理时间较长等。
2、血小板诱导聚集比浊法:VerifyNow由美国Accumetrics公司研发,2006年经美国FDA批准用于血小板功能检测。其原理是在试管内预混有血小板激活剂和纤维蛋白原包被的小珠。加入全血标本后,血小板受激活剂作用而活化,其表面IIb/IIIa受体复合物与小珠表面的纤维蛋白原交联,使血小板聚集于小珠表面,试管内透光性增强。VerifyNow属床旁检测设备,可分别以花生四烯酸、ADP及凝血酶受体激活肽(TRAP)作为激动剂,特异性地检测血小板对阿司匹林、P2Y12阻滞剂及GPI的反应性。VerifyNow技术的优势是采用全血作为标本,整个检测过程仅需3分钟,在目前所有血小板功能检测方法中耗时最短。迄今为止,已有上百篇正式发表的文献报道采用VerifyNow检测血小板聚集功能,但此方法仅是检测血小板聚集的最初阶段,且检测费用较高,短期内难于推广。
目前针对临床的血小板聚集仪专利有CN1866029A,该检测方法主要局限是通量低、成本高血样处理要求在短时间内完成、重复检测变异较大、采血量相对较大等。该模型不适用于体外药物筛选。为了克服传统血小板聚集仪检测方法的缺点,建立能够在临床上不需要血小板聚集仪就能检测血小板活性的方法。提供了本发明的测定方法,该方法的特点是:通量高、耗时短、稳定性好和血液样品量少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法。
本发明的另一目的是:提供了一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法的用途,该用途为高通量筛选多种刺激剂导致血小板聚集的拮抗剂,用于多个靶点的抗血栓药物的筛选,包括环氧化酶抑制剂,ADP受体抑制剂,蛋白激活酶受体抑制剂和血小板表面GPIIb/IIIa受体抑制剂等。适用于药品研发领域进行体外药物高通量筛选,具有设备要求低、耗时短、成本低和重现性好的特点。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
a)提供来自生物体的具有活性的血小板样品
如志愿者采取手臂静脉抽血,大鼠和豚鼠血采用颈动脉取血等;血样跟3.8%的枸橼酸钠9:1混合抗凝,血样于200×g室温条件下离心10min,吸出上层富含血小板血浆(PRP),余下的血浆再以1000×g转速离心10min,吸取上清液为贫血小板血浆(PPP)。
b)用溶媒将血小板悬液稀释至通过振动能够使之聚集的浓度
用PPP、生理盐水或磷酸盐缓释液稀释PRP使其血小板计数2×105-6×105/μL后进行血小板聚集实验。
c)用单道移液器或多道移液器将富含血小板的溶媒转移至微孔板中
d)将装有富含血小板的溶媒的微孔板放置于37℃孵育5-30min;
e)用多道移液器将微孔板的每孔加入一定浓度的刺激剂
刺激剂包括:二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、肾上腺素(ADR)、胶原(COL)、花生四烯酸(ARA)、凝血酶(TH)和凝血酶激活肽1(TRAP-1),ADP终浓度为1-10μM,ADR终浓度为5-10μg/mL,COL终浓度为1-10μg/mL,ARA终浓度为0.2-1mM,凝血酶终浓度为0.01-0.5U/ml,TRAP-1终浓度为2-20μM
f)用酶标仪的动力学方法在一定波长下测定一定时间内各孔吸光度
用酶标仪的动力学方法在波长为390-770nm,优先650nm条件下测定5-30min,优选10min内各孔吸光度(每隔30s测定一次,测定前震动5s,首次测定不震动);
g)血小板聚集率计算
血小板聚集=APRP(未加刺激剂)-APRP(加刺激剂)/APRP(未加刺激剂)-APPP,由于首次测定未震动APRP(未加刺激剂)≈APRP(首次值),抑制率=1-(给药组最大聚集率/对照组最大聚集率)×100%。
具体实施方式
实施例1:健康志愿者血小板聚集测定
1.主要试剂和仪器
凝血酶(sigma)、凝血酶受体激动肽(TRAP-1)(PHOENLX PHARMA.INC.),L-500离心机(长沙湘仪),烧杯,无菌注射器,无菌采血针、采血管,5’二磷酸腺苷二钠(阿拉丁)纯度:95%,批号:34995,花 生四烯酸、肾上腺素、胶原(阿拉丁),CMC-Na(国药集团化学试剂有限公司),批号:F20081015。96孔板(Costar),湘仪低速离心机L-500(长沙湘仪),SpectraMax M5酶标仪(TOP Biotek&Molecular Devices),为LBY-NJ四通道血小板聚集仪(北京普利生)。
2.实验方法
2.1采血和血小板制备
4名健康志愿者采取手臂静脉抽血,每人抽血20mL,血样跟3.8%的枸橼酸钠9:1混合抗凝,血样于200×g室温条件下离心10min,吸出上层富含血小板血浆(PRP),余下的血浆再以1000×g转速离心10min,吸取上清液为贫血小板血浆(PPP),用PPP调配PRP使其血小板计数为3×105-4×105/μl后进行血小板聚集实验。2.2跟血小板聚集仪比较不同诱导剂诱导血小板聚集
试验按Born方法进行,PRP具有一定的浊度,PRP中所含血小板数目直接影响浊度的高低,当诱导剂加入PRP后,在搅拌的条件下,血小板集成聚集物,PRP浊度下降,透光度增加,因此通过测定PRP的浊度变化来表示血小板聚集的程度。PRP血小板浓度为2×105/μL和6×105/μL,各组采用270ul PRP置于比浊管内,在37℃温育10min,ADP终浓度为1和10μM,ADR终浓度为5和10μg/mL,COL终浓度为1和10μg/mL,ARA终浓度为0.2和1mM,凝血酶终浓度为0.01和0.5U/ml,TRAP-1终浓度为2和20μM,LBY-NJ四通道血小板聚集仪测定对照管和给药管PRP在5min内的最大聚集率,高通量测定方法为,用排枪取90ul PRP置于96孔板内,在37℃温育10min,加入刺激剂10ul,在加入刺激剂后,采用动力学方法在650nm波长下测定10min内各孔吸光度(每隔30s测定一次,测定前震动5s,首次测定不震动),计算血小板聚集率和抑制率,血小板聚集=APRP(未加刺激剂)-APRP(加刺激剂)/APRP(未加刺激剂)-APPP,抑制率=(对照管聚集率-给药管聚集率)/对照管聚集率×100%。实验结果见表1。
表1不同诱导剂诱导血小板聚集结果
实施例2:基于96孔板PAR-1拮抗剂类抗血小板聚集药物筛选
1.主要试剂和仪器
凝血酶受体激动肽(PHOENLX PHARMA.INC.),L-500离心机(长沙湘仪),烧杯,无菌注射器,无菌采血针、采血管。96孔板(Costar),湘仪低速离心机L-500(长沙湘仪),SpectraMax M5酶标仪(TOP Biotek&Molecular Devices)。
2.实验方法
2.1采血和血小板制备
豚鼠采用颈总动脉取血,血样跟3.8%的枸橼酸钠9:1混合抗凝,血样于200×g室温条件下离心10min,吸出上层富含血小板血浆(PRP),用生理盐水调配PRP使其血小板计数为2×105-6×105/μl后药物筛选。实验方法见表2,实验结果见表3。
表2PAR-1拮抗剂高通量筛选方法的建立
表3PAR-1拮抗剂类抗血小板聚集药物筛选结果
实施例3:基于384孔板ADP受体拮抗剂类抗血小板聚集药物筛选
1.1主要试剂和仪器
5’二磷酸腺苷二钠(阿拉丁)纯度:95%,批号:34995,L-500离心机(长沙湘仪),烧杯,无菌注射器,无菌采血针、采血管。384孔板(Costar),湘仪低速离心机L-500(长沙湘仪),SpectraMax M5酶标仪(TOP Biotek&Molecular Devices)。
2.实验方法
2.1采血和血小板制备
大鼠采用颈总动脉取血,血样跟3.8%的枸橼酸钠9:1混合抗凝,血样于200×g室温条件下离心10min,吸出上层富含血小板血浆(PRP),用磷酸盐缓冲液调配PRP使其血小板计数为2×105-6×105/μl后药物筛选。实验方法见表4,部分筛选结果见表5。
表4基于384孔板ADP受体拮抗剂高通量筛选方法的建立
表5ADP受体拮抗剂类抗血小板聚集药物筛选实验结果
Claims (8)
1.一种基于高通量检测的血小板聚集测定方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a)提供具有活性的血小板样品;
b)用溶媒将血小板悬液稀释;
c)将稀释的血小板悬液转移至微孔板中;
d)将微孔板放置于37℃孵育5-30min;
e)微孔板的每孔加入刺激剂;
f)用酶标仪的动力学方法在一定波长下测定一定时间内各孔吸光度;每隔30s测定一次,测定前震动5s,首次测定不震动;
g)通过测定得到血小板聚集率。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤b所述的稀释血小板的溶媒包括:该血小板来源的血清、生理盐水或磷酸盐缓释液。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤b所述的血小板稀释后的浓度为2×105-6×105/μL。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤e所述的刺激剂包括:二磷酸腺苷、肾上腺素、胶原、花生四烯酸、凝血酶或凝血酶激活肽1。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述的二磷酸腺苷终浓度为1μM-10μM,肾上腺素终浓度为5μg/mL-10μg/mL,胶原终浓度为1μg/mL-10μg/mL,花生四烯酸终浓度大约为0.2mM-1mM,凝血酶终浓度为0.01U/ml-0.5U/ml,凝血酶激活肽1终浓度为0.5μM-20μM。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的微孔板为透底的96孔板或384孔板,血小板悬液体积为30-300ul。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的酶标仪动力学波长为390-770纳米。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的酶标仪动力学方法测定一定时间为5-30min。
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