CN104974942A - 一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株 - Google Patents
一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株 Download PDFInfo
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- C12P19/60—Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin
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Abstract
一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,为须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2015324。所述突变株中丁烯基多杀菌素合成能力,相比原始菌株提高了0.79倍。经质谱检测结果表明,突变株中激活了丁烯基多杀菌素新组分的合成,突变株代谢物中比原始菌株多了一种丁烯基多杀菌素组分Spinosyn α1。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产菌株,采用核糖体工程技术,使用高浓度链霉素对原始菌株进行抗性筛选,获得了一株高产丁烯基多杀菌素的链霉素自发抗性突变株S13,并且通过超高效液相色谱及质谱对丁烯基多杀菌素进行了检测鉴定。
背景技术
多杀菌素及其衍生物作为高效、环保、安全的抗生素类生物杀虫剂,已成为近几年生物杀虫制剂研究领域的一大热点。丁烯基多杀菌素是由须糖多孢菌S.pogona产生的一类与多杀菌素结构类似的大环内酯类化合物,这类化合物具有很好的杀虫、杀螨活性。到目前为止,丁烯基多杀菌素组分共检测到31种,且丁烯基多杀菌素比多杀菌素具有更为广泛的杀虫谱,包括鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、双翅目(Diptera)等多种害虫,尤其对鳞翅目、缨翅目害虫具有极强的选择性杀虫活性,对多杀菌素难于控制的世界性检疫性害虫苹果蠹蛾和重要农业害虫烟青虫具有良好的生物防治作用。它们的杀虫作用机制是通过与烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)、γ-氨基丁酸受体(GABARs)结合使昆虫神经细胞去极化,引起中央神经系统超活化,从而导致昆虫非功能性肌肉收缩、震颤,最后衰竭、瘫痪直至昆虫死亡。对靶标昆虫表现出快速触杀和摄食毒性的双重作用,具有低毒、低残留、对害虫的天敌安全、自然分解快等优点,兼具生物农药的安全性与化学农药的高效性,是当前国际上极具发展前景的环境友好型生物农药。
目前国际上关于丁烯基多杀菌素的研究仍处在起步阶段,野生型须糖多孢菌菌株中丁烯基多杀菌素产量极低,因此如何提高其发酵产量是亟待解决的一大难题。
须糖多孢菌全基因组序列未知且拥有严格限制性修饰系统,难以通过基因重组的方法来进行菌种改良。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,利用核糖体工程技术,使用链霉素对须糖多孢菌S.pogona进行抗性选育,获得丁烯基多杀菌素高产菌株。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,
一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,即须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心(简称CCTCC,地址:中国武汉武汉大学)保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015324。
本发明之须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,获得步骤如下:
(1)须糖多孢菌原始菌株链霉素最低抑制浓度的测定;
(2)大量须糖多孢菌链霉素抗性突变株的筛选;
(3)超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)分析突变菌株丁烯基多杀菌素的生物合成能力;
(4)质谱(MS)检测鉴定须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素各个组分;
(5)高产丁烯基多杀菌素突变株突变位点鉴定;
(6)突变株稳定期差异表达蛋白水平分析。
核糖体是生物进行蛋白质合成的重要细胞器,与胞内代谢活动、基本生理过程密切相关。核糖体发生突变不仅导致微生物形态、性状等方面发生变化,还可显著影响胞内物质的代谢。核糖体工程技术是以微生物的各类抗生素抗性突变为筛选标记,高效获得次生代谢产物合成能力提高的突变株的一种育种新方法。核糖体工程技术从研究核糖体蛋白结构上的突变对微生物次级代谢调控作用的影响出发,是通过对微生物次级代谢产物合成相关基因表达的两个重要元件——核糖体或RNA聚合酶进行修饰改造,带来其结构和功能上的改变,影响微生物次级代谢产物的调控途径,进而激发微生物的生物合成潜能,大幅度提高其次级代谢产物的产量甚至从中获得新的生物活性物质,获得代谢产物合成能力提高的突变菌株。与其他的育种方法相比,核糖体工程技术不需了解菌株的遗传信息,不需进行遗传操作,简单易行,无需特殊设备,便于高通量的筛选。
本发明采用核糖体工程技术(Ribosome engineering technology),使用高浓度的链霉素对原始菌株进行诱变筛选,获得一株高产丁烯基多杀菌素的链霉素自发抗性突变株。PCR扩增其潜在的突变基因,对其DNA序列测序分析,发现在编码核糖体S12蛋白的rpsL基因保守区域中出现点突变,第314位和第320位的胞嘧啶(C)分别突变为腺嘌呤(A)和胸腺嘧啶(T),对应的氨基酸残基分别由脯氨酸(CCG)突变为谷氨酰胺(CAG),丙氨酸(GCG)突变为缬氨酸(GTG)。通过超高效液相色谱对须糖多孢菌原始菌株和突变株代谢产物研究发现,突变株中丁烯基多杀菌素合成能力存在明显差异,相比原始菌株提高了0.79倍。经质谱检测结果表明,突变株中激活了丁烯基多杀菌素新组分的合成,突变株代谢物中比原始菌株多了一种丁烯基多杀菌素组分Spinosyn α1。
微生物保藏情况说明
须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心(简称CCTCC,地址:中国武汉武汉大学)保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015324。
附图说明
图1为须糖多孢菌链霉素最低抑制浓度测定结果图;A:链霉素作用浓度 0 微克/mL;B、C、D、E:分别为5微克/mL,10微克/mL,15微克/mL,30微克/mL;
图2-A为原始菌株30141超高效液相色谱图谱;
图2-B为高产丁烯基多杀菌素突变株S13超高效液相色谱图谱;
图3为丁烯基多杀菌素组分质谱鉴定图;A:原始菌株30141;B:突变株S13;
图4为原始菌株30141与突变株S13 rpsL基因扩增图;M:DNA Marker DL5000;1:阴性对照;2:原始菌株30141;3:突变株S13;
图5为原始菌株30141与突变株S13 rpsL基因测序结果比对分析;
图6为原始菌株30141与突变株S13稳定期差异表达蛋白分析;M:蛋白Marke;1:原始菌株30141;2:突变株S13;A:RecA蛋白;B:3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶;C:Crp/Fnr 家族转录调控因子;D:翻译起始因子IF-3。
表1:本研究所用菌株、质粒和引物;
表2:超高效液相色谱梯度洗脱程序;
表3:液质联用色谱梯度洗脱程序。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例之须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,即须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心(简称CCTCC,地址:中国武汉武汉大学)保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015324。
(一)具体培养基配方和培养条件
(1)Saccharopolyspora pogona种子活化采用SP-2培养基:葡萄糖9 g/L,胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤30 g/L,酵母提取物3 g/L,硫酸镁2 g/L;接种单克隆或1wt%菌种保藏液加入装有20 mL SP-2的150 mL摇瓶中,30℃,160 r/min培养48 h;
(2)转接及抗性突变株的筛选采用胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤培养基(TSB):胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤 30 g/L;
(3)S.pogona孢子的收集采用MS培养基:甘露醇 20 g/L,豆饼粉 20 g/L。
(4)发酵培养采用SP-3培养基:葡萄糖 80 g/L,可溶性淀粉 10 g/L,玉米浆 8 g/L,棉籽粉 32 g/L,豆饼粉 8 g/L,酵母提取物2 g/L,碳酸钙 5 g/L,KH2PO4 12 g/L,油酸甲酯4.2%(v/v),微量元素(0.25%,v/v,CoCl2·6H2O 0.03%,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.14%,FeSO4·7H2O 0.38 %,NiSO4·6H2O 0.05%,溶于0.5 mol/L的盐酸中),pH 7.2,接种10%活化的种子液加入装有30 mL SP-3的300 mL摇瓶中,30℃,280 r/min培养11 d。
(二)链霉素对须糖多孢菌原始菌株最低抑制浓度(MIC)的测定
(1)取100 μL于SP-2液体培养基活化至对数期的放线菌菌液,涂布于产孢子固体培养基MS上,30℃培养箱倒置培养5~7 d;从产孢子平板上用灭菌的棉签刮取原始菌株的孢子,置于装有10 mL无菌水和玻璃珠的三角瓶中打匀,经过滤后收集孢子悬液,光学显微镜镜检;
(2)利用血球计数板调整孢子的浓度约为106 mL-1,取等量孢子悬液分别涂布于含不同抗生素浓度的TSB平板上,相同浓度设置 3 个平行,培养 5 d,观察不同平板上的菌落生长情况,记录未生长菌落的抗生素最低作用浓度,即确定为抗生素对该菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC),经测定,链霉素对原始菌株30141的最低抑制浓度MIC为 15 μg微克/mL(图1)。
(三)链霉素抗性突变株的筛选
(1)将大约109个孢子分别涂布在4×MIC、10×MIC倍数的链霉素TSB平板上,30℃培养,相对湿度40 % ~ 60 %,5 d以后观察菌落长势情况;
(2)将TSB平板上长出的单菌落挑出,于新的含有链霉素的TSB平板上划线,挑取再次长出的菌落接入20 mL液体培养基活化后,将突变株保存于-80℃冰箱。
(四)原始菌株与突变菌株发酵产物的超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)分析
(1)采用SP-3培养基对须糖多孢菌进行发酵培养,发酵条件如上所述;向发酵液中加入等体积的丙酮,静置浸提过夜,10,000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后供质谱及超高效液相色谱分析;
(2)超高效液相色谱检测条件如下:Zorbax SB(C18),5 μm微米,4.6×150 mm,柱温35℃;流动相条件:流动相A:10 mM乙酸铵,流动相B:甲醇-乙腈(1:1), 梯度洗脱, 流速1 mL/min;二极管阵列检测波长250 nm;进样量5 μl微升;
(3)原始菌株和突变菌株的UHPLC图谱对比分析发现,28株突变菌株丁烯基多杀菌素合成能力存在明显差异,原始菌株丁烯基多杀菌素色谱峰面积为79.7 mAU*s。其中6株突变菌株产量提高,4倍MIC链霉素抗性突变株S13的丁烯基多杀菌素产量最高(对链霉素的抗性水平达到60 μg微克/mL),其丁烯基多杀菌素色谱峰面积为142.3 mAU*s,相比原始菌株提高0.79倍,对其色谱指纹图谱进行扫描发现在2.679min处,比原始菌株多了一个最大吸收波长为250 nm的色谱峰,而且从色谱图中可以看出,突变株S13的色谱峰增多,可能激活了新代谢产物的合成。
所述4倍MIC链霉素抗性突变株S13,即须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心(简称CCTCC,地址:中国武汉武汉大学)保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015324。
(五)原始菌株与突变菌株发酵产物的质谱(MS)分析
(1)质谱检测条件如下:ESI源质谱测小分子物质,色谱柱:Hypersil GOLD (C18) ,5 μm微米,2.1×100 mm;在样品中添加0.1%的甲酸;菌体蛋白质谱鉴定条件,色谱柱:BioBasic( C18),5 μm微米,1.0 mm×150 mm;流动相条件:流动相A:0.1%甲酸,流动相B:(含0.1%甲酸),梯度洗脱;流速:0.3 mL/min;检测波长:250 nm。
(2)分别收集5.3 min和6.5 min左右的色谱峰,以及全发酵液进行质谱分析,根据一级和二级质谱图,保留时间为5.3 min左右的峰分子量为650 [M+H]+ (m/z),二级质谱中含有分子量为189的鼠李糖配基离子碎片;6.5 min左右的峰分子量为634 [M+H]+ (m/z),二级质谱中同样存在分子量为189的鼠李糖配基离子碎片,这与文献中所述的质谱数据一致, 证明其分别为丁烯基多杀菌素组分Spinosyn βc和Spinosyn αc/Spinosyn 6-Methy 1β。在突变株S13的超高效液相色谱图中增加的2.6 min左右的峰,峰分子量为758[M+H]+ (m/z),根据一级质谱及色谱二极管阵列检测比对,确定其为丁烯基组分Spinosyn α1。
(六)链霉素抗性突变株S13突变位点鉴定
以rpsL-F/rpsL-R为引物,以原始菌株基因组和突变株S13基因组为模板进行PCR扩增,成功的扩增出一条片段大小约为500 bp的条带(图4),将PCR产物切胶回收、纯化后,于16℃与pMD-18T载体连接过夜,连接产物热转至E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,挑取阳性转化子测序后,经NCBI BLAST比对分析确定其为糖多孢菌属核糖体30S小亚基中S12蛋白的编码序列,其开放阅读框由375个碱基组成,对应肽链由124个氨基酸组成。对突变株S13的DNA序列分析发现(图5),突变株rpsL基因的保守区域存在点突变,第314位的C突变为A,第320位的C突变为T;对应的氨基酸残基分别由脯氨酸(P)突变为谷氨酰胺(Q),由丙氨酸(A)突变为缬氨酸(V),测序重复3次,结果一致。
(七)原始菌株30141与突变株S13差异表达蛋白分析
取稳定期(培养60 h)菌体进行超声破碎,提取菌体全蛋白。得到的菌体全蛋白利用Bradford 法定量后进行SDS-PAGE 检测其蛋白表达差异。结果表明突变株S13中蛋白表达水平存在差异,选取了突变株中表达明显上调的蛋白条带切胶并进行胶内酶解质谱鉴定(图6),分析发现,突变株S13生长后期的表达差异蛋白中,其中RecA蛋白除了在修复受损DNA的过程中发挥重要作用,还具有ATP酶活性,ATP 与其衍生物SAM、cAMP 类似,在放线菌中作为调控分子起作用,抗生素的合成与胞内ATP 的浓度相关,低浓度的胞内ATP 可促进抗生素的合成;3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶主要参与生物体内初级代谢中的糖酵解过程,该酶的表达上调可能是为次级代谢产物丁烯基多杀菌素的合成提供更多的前体物质,也促进丁烯基多杀菌素福乐糖胺和鼠李糖配基的合成;Crp/Fnr家族转录调控因子是细菌中的正转录调控因子,通过与环腺苷酸(cAMP)相互作用影响细胞的形态与生长发育,并对次级代谢起全局性调控作用,研究表明,crp基因的过表达会促进多杀菌素的合成;翻译起始因子IF-3的表达上调可能提高了须糖多孢菌稳定期蛋白质的翻译活性,从而影响丁烯基多杀菌素的合成能力。
Claims (5)
1.一株须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,其特征在于,为须糖多孢菌S13,Saccharopolyspora pogona S13,该菌种于2015年05月26日在中国典型培养物保藏中心保藏,菌种保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2015324。
2.根据权利要求1所述的须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,其特征在于,获得方法步骤如下:
(1)须糖多孢菌原始菌株链霉素最低抑制浓度的测定;
(2)大量须糖多孢菌链霉素抗性突变株的筛选。
3.根据权利要求2所述的须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,其特征在于,获得方法步骤(1),具体操作如下:a、取100微升于SP-2液体培养基活化至对数期的放线菌菌液,涂布于产孢子固体培养基MS上,30℃培养箱倒置培养5~7 d;从产孢子平板上用灭菌的棉签刮取原始菌株的孢子,置于装有10 mL无菌水和玻璃珠的三角瓶中打匀,经过滤后收集孢子悬液,光学显微镜镜检;
b、利用血球计数板调整孢子的浓度约为106 mL-1,取等量孢子悬液分别涂布于含不同抗生素浓度的TSB平板上,相同浓度设置 3 个平行,培养 5 d,观察不同平板上的菌落生长情况,记录未生长菌落的抗生素最低作用浓度,即确定为抗生素对该菌的最低抑制浓度。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株,其特征在于,获得方法步骤(2),具体操作如下:a、将109个孢子分别涂布在4×MIC、10×MIC倍数的链霉素TSB平板上,30℃培养,相对湿度40 % ~ 60 %,5 d以后观察菌落长势情况;
b、将TSB平板上长出的单菌落挑出,于新的含有链霉素的TSB平板上划线,挑取再次长出的菌落接入20 mL液体培养基活化后,将突变株保存于-80℃冰箱。
5.如权利要求1-4之一所述的须糖多孢菌丁烯基多杀菌素高产突变株在合成丁烯基多杀菌素中的应用。
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