CN104964744B - High-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication - Google Patents
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Abstract
A high-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication comprises a monochromator light path and a wavelength scanning and positioning mechanism. The problems to be solved are that: the spectrometer structure is provided, wherein the light beam is diffracted for 4 times through the grating to achieve 0.02nm level resolution within the wavelength range of 1250nm-1650nm, and the open grating ruler is used as a wavelength positioning mechanism. The technical scheme for solving the problem is as follows: the optical fiber array is used as an emergent and incident slit, the collimating lens collimates and focuses light beams, the grating is used for light splitting, the right-angle prism is arranged in the prism support and used for reflecting light beams and selecting light, and the plane reflector is used for reflecting light beams. The wavelength scanning positioning mechanism comprises a prism support, a support rotating motor, a grating scale of the open grating scale and a grating scale reading head which generate wavelength positioning signals. The 4-pass grating monochromator optical path and the wavelength positioning mechanism thereof have the advantages of simple and compact structure, high spectral resolution, accurate and stable positioning mechanism, low price and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber optic communication spectrum analysis field, it is related to optical element, system, and in particular to a kind of high-resolution
The monochromator light path and wavelength detent mechanism of grating spectrograph.
Background technology
Fiber optic communication spectrum analysis field requires that there is spectrometer optical fiber to be input into, detection wavelength covering fiber optic communication frequency range,
The features such as wavelength resolution is high.Today gradually popularized in fiber optic communication simultaneously, in addition it is also necessary to portable reliability, the spectrum of cost-effective
Instrument product, so the design to spectrometer, the design of particularly monochromator light path design and wavelength precision positioning mechanism is proposed
Requirement higher.
Fiber optic communication spectrometer leading in the world at present, more using many thang-kngs of light beam multipass same grating
Road technique improves wavelength resolution and reduces cost, such as United States Patent (USP)：US 6636306B2, the bilateral light of US 5233405
Road, and United States Patent (USP)：Logical light path design in the 4 of US 6177992 B1, US 5886785 etc..Bilateral light path is in fiber optic communication ripple
The spectral resolution that Duan Suoneng reaches is 0.05nm ranks, adaption demand has been unable to, although and 4 thang-kng road resolution ratio can reach
0.02nm ranks, but device is various, and light path is complicated, and debugging is difficult, so high cost is looked forward to, it is impossible to adapt to cost degradation demand.
In addition, conventional spectrometers Wavelength scanning mechanism is generally sine mechanism, or cam mechanism, these sweep mechanisms machinery
Device is complicated, installation difficulty, and sweep speed is slow, and reliability is low.The motor and rotary encoder of certain overseas enterprise exploitation
Composition direct drive mechanism, although can overcome disadvantages mentioned above, but to reach nominal wavelength accuracy, used by wavelength scaling
Rotary encoder must select the sinusoidal coder of height output number, also need to grasp sinusoidal signal superelevation algorithm of subdivision or circuit and set
Meter, 1024 lines that such as enterprise just uses/turn the subdivision technology of sinusoidal coder and 1024 subdivisions per line, these technologies are grasped
In a small number of world major companies hands, the country grasps few, and cost is very high, hinder the development of high-resolution spectroscopy with
Popularization.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is：The logical high resolution spectrometer monochromator light path of light channel structure simple 4 is developed, and quickly
Accurate reliable length scanning detent mechanism, while to meet cost degradation, it is easy to the requirement of production.
Technical solution of the present invention
The present invention includes：Fiber array (1), collimation lens (2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), electricity
Motivation (6), grating ruler (7), grating ruler reading head (8) and plane mirror (9)；
The fiber array (1) is single-mode fiber array, and two fiber end faces of fiber array (1) are respectively as spectrometer
Outgoing and entrance slit, it is desirable to the two fiber end faces be located at collimation lens (2) focal plane on, Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre
The midpoint of line is located at the focus of collimation lens (2), as shown in Figure 3；
The diverging light collimation of exit slit outgoing of the collimation lens (2) by fiber array (1) is directional light, and will be through
The monochromatic collimated beam for crossing 4 diffraction returns is focused on entrance slit；
The grating (3) is in 70- with the directional light that collimated lens (2) are collimated for diffraction light splitting, grating surface normal
80 ° of angles, referred to as grating incident angle, the angle of diffraction of different wave length diffraction light are different, realize light splitting function；
The right-angle prism (4) realizes multiple diffraction for reflection of parallel beam.Hung down in grating (3) first time diffraction light
The wavelength of the straight directional light incident in right-angle prism (4) surface is the wavelength being scanned, in right-angle prism (4) rotary course
In, the light of all wavelengths impinges perpendicularly on right-angle prism (4) surface successively, realizes the length scanning function of spectrometer；
The prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating ruler (7), and right-angle prism (4) is fixed on
Prism bracket (5) one end, grating ruler (7) is adhered on another circular arc end face of prism bracket (5)；
The rotating shaft of the motor (6) is fixedly connected with prism bracket, and effect is rotating prism support (5), makes right-angled edge
Mirror (4) rotates scanning optical spectrum.The pivot of prism bracket (5) is the spindle central of motor (6), is also prism bracket
(5) center of circle of circular arc end face.
The grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed on outside the circular arc end face rotation round of prism bracket (5), away from circumference 0.5-
1mm, grating ruler (7) is bonded on prism bracket (5) circular arc end face, when prism bracket (5) rotation, connects grating ruler (7)
The test surface of nearly grating ruler reading head (8), when producing tangential displacement, grating ruler reading head (8) produces pulse, the pulse and right angle
The rotation angle increment of prism (4) is strictly corresponded to, for the demarcation of wavelength.
As shown in figure 4, when right-angle prism (4) selects light in the range of design wavelength, the test surface of grating reading head (8) will
Tangential displacement is produced with grating ruler (7), there is wavelength position pulse to produce during such length scanning.When right-angle prism (4) rotation
When producing the wavelength diffractive region of grating (3), grating reading head (8) need not can detect grating ruler (7).
The plane mirror (9) reflects back the directional light after 2 diffraction, realizes the 3rd and the 4th diffraction.Above
It is focus that two fiber end faces of the fiber array (1) are located at collimation lens (2) focus both sides and line center, according to geometry
Optical principle, the exit slit of fiber array (1), must by collimation lens (2) and the optical system of plane mirror (9) composition
The entrance slit of fiber array (1) is so imaged in, as shown in Figure 3.Even if collimation lens (2) and plane mirror (9) it
Between add grating (3) and right-angle prism (4) carried out light splitting and light beam translation, reflection, do not interfere with the imaging process yet, this
It is exactly that light beam can be reflected back plane mirror (9) principle of entrance slit.
High-resolution gration spectrometer, the course of work includes the following steps：
1st step：The output optical fiber of light signal incoming fiber optic array (1) is treated, is gone out from the output optical fiber end face, i.e. exit slit
It is mapped to collimation lens (2), collimation lens (2) will treat light signal collimation in parallel input light oblique illumination to grating (3), shape
Into the 1st optical grating diffraction light splitting；
2nd step：After 1st diffraction, different wavelengths of light forms monochromatic collimated beam, when a certain ripple with different diffraction angle diffraction
When light vertical irradiation long is to right-angle prism (4), is translated up by right-angle prism (4) and be reflected back grating (3), formed the 2nd time and spread out
Penetrate, as shown in Figure 2.The 2nd incidence angle of diffraction of the wavelength is equal to the 1st angle of diffraction of diffraction, therefore the 2nd diffraction of diffraction
Angle is equal to the 1st incidence angle of diffraction；
3rd step：It is irradiated on plane mirror (9) by the directional light of the 2nd diffraction, plane mirror (9) is by incidence
Light is reflected back on grating again, forms the 3rd diffraction, and the incidence angle and the angle of diffraction of current diffraction are identical with the 1st diffraction；
4th step：By the 3rd directional light of diffraction again vertical irradiation on right-angle prism (4), by right-angle prism (4)
Translation downwards is simultaneously reflected back grating (3) again, forms the 4th diffraction, and the incidence angle of current diffraction is equal to spreading out for first time diffraction
Firing angle, therefore the angle of diffraction is equal to the incidence angle of first time diffraction, and also by current translation, directional light has been returned to collimation lens
(2) plane where, so the directional light of current diffraction is by directive collimation lens (2)；
5th step：It is irradiated on collimation lens (2) by the directional light of 4 diffraction, collimated lens (2) focus on incidence
On the entrance slit of fiber array (1), that is, complete the monochromator course of work.
6th step：2nd step is mentioned vertical irradiation and can just be focused on again to the directional light of that wavelength of right-angle prism (4)
Onto entrance slit, non-perpendicular light beam can not enter entrance slit.So when motor (6) drives prism bracket (5) rotation
When, the wavelength vertical with right-angle prism (4) is continually changing, and the monochromatic light that monochromator is selected also changes, and this just completes spectrum
The length scanning process of instrument；
7th step：When light is selected in right-angle prism (4) rotation, test surface and the grating ruler (7) of grating ruler reading head (8) are cut
To relative displacement, a minute angle is turned over per one slight distance of displacement, i.e. prism bracket (5), grating ruler reading head (8) is produced
A raw electric pulse.The pulse is strictly corresponding with the angle step that right-angle prism (4) is turned over, and can be used for the accurate mark to wavelength
It is fixed.
The advantages of the present invention：
1. using single-mode fiber array as outgoing and entrance slit；Using a collimation lens as beam collimation with it is poly-
Burnt element；Using level crossing as higher diffraction reflecting element；Using right-angle prism as scanning and reflecting element.Meeting
While high resolution proxy, device function reusability is high, and light path over all Integration degree is high, and mature and reliable has reached design requirement；
2. combined using plane mirror and right-angle prism and realize 4 diffraction and length scanning, be important spy of the invention
Point；
3. prism bracket, motor, the length scanning scaling system that open grating ruler and its reading head are constituted, are sheets
The important feature of invention.Can just meet wavelength scaling requirement using commercially available general performance grating scale product, evade costliness
The subdivision technology of encoder product and complexity.In addition, the design can make grating ruler length shorter, cost is also reduced.
On the whole, spectral resolution and high-accuracy wavelength calibration are wanted invention achieves high resolution spectrometer
Ask, and device is few, durability is high, it is easy to installation and debugging, low cost, and the miniature fiber communication for being particularly well-suited to large-scale production is used
Spectrometer, this all has positive meaning for the popularization of spectrometer and the development of fiber optic communication cause.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is fiber optic communication high-resolution gration light path of optical spectrometer structural side view.
Fig. 2 is fiber optic communication high-resolution gration light path of optical spectrometer structure top view.
Fig. 3 is fiber array outgoing and input path schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is grating ruler reading head and grating ruler relative displacement schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 ZEMAX exit slits face point range figure.
Fig. 6 is monochromator light path actual measurement sampling spectrogram.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the fiber optic communication high-resolution gration spectrometer architecture that the present invention is provided, including：Optical fiber
Array (1), collimation lens (2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), motor (6), grating ruler (7), light
Grid ruler reading head (8) and plane mirror (9)；
Outgoing and entrance slit of two fiber end faces of the fiber array (1) as spectrometer, and it is placed on collimation
On the focal plane of lens (2)；, for diffraction light splitting, slant setting is in directional light light path for the grating (3) so that directional light with
75 ° of incident angles；The prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating ruler (7), right-angle prism (4)
Prism bracket (5) one end is fixed on, the circular arc end face of prism bracket (5) other end is stained with grating ruler (7)；The motor
(6) rotating shaft is fixedly connected with prism bracket, and effect is rotating prism support (5), and then rotates right-angle prism (4) to sweep
Spectrum is retouched, and grating ruler (7) is produced wavelength position pulse with respect to grating ruler reading head (8) tangential displacement, the positioning arteries and veins
Punching is strictly corresponding with right-angle prism (4) rotation angle increment, for the demarcation of wavelength.Grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed on
In the 1st diffraction direction of 1450mm wavelength, away from the circular arc end face rotation round 0.5-1mm of prism bracket (5).The plane is anti-
The effect for penetrating mirror (9) is that the directional light after 2 diffraction is reflected back along former road, realizes the 3rd and the 4th diffraction.
If operating wavelength range 1250-1650nm, specific embodiment is as follows：
● fiber array (1) extensive use in many optical fibre devices, its fiber end face is milled into 8 ° of oblique angles to avoid
Reflection, about 9 microns of core diameter, numerical aperture 0.13,125 μm or 127 μm of fibre core.
● collimation lens (2) uses the infrared achromatic doublet of effective focal length 20mm, it is also possible to use off-axis parabolic
Face mirror is substituted.
● grating (3) is ruled grating or holographic grating, the lines per millimeter of line number 1050, in 75 ° of incidence angle, its
1250nm-1650nm wave band first-order diffractions angle is respectively 20.278 ° and 50.047 °.
● plane mirror (9) is simple glass or aluminum speculum, plated surface 1250-1650nm wavelength reflection films.
● right-angle prism (4) is K9 glass material ridge right-angle prisms, and inclined edge surfaces plating anti-reflection film, right-angle surface plates reflectance coating,
Length 60mm.
● prism bracket (5) is low-expansion coefficient metal material.
● motor (6) uses brshless DC motor, machine shaft to be installed on away from grating 58mm, with raster center method wire clamp
At 33.8 ° of angle, it is ensured that prism can be reflected 1250-1650nm wavelength diffractives beam orthogonal when rotating.
● away from 20 μm, grating ruler reading head reaches grating scale resolution ratio to grating ruler (7) chi using 200 subdivision models
0.1 μm, these are open grating scale mature performance product.
Embodiment 1, ZEMAX simulating, verifyings
Above-mentioned parameter input ZEMAX is carried out into simulating, verifying, Fig. 5 is 1250, at 1550 and 1650nm wavelength between difference
Away from 0.02,0.023 and point range figure of the 0.025nm wavelength at entrance slit, circle is Airy disc in figure, according to Rayleigh criterion,
It is distinguishable that hot spot is located at outside Airy disc radius, it can be seen that near 1250, resolution ratio is 0.02nm, near 1550, point
Resolution is 0.023nm, and near 1650, resolution ratio is 0.025nm, and resolution ratio becomes big with wavelength, but is 0.02nm ranks,
Meet light path design requirement.
Embodiment 2, experimental verification
The Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre point of fiber array (1) is placed on the focus of collimation lens (2), and 1250nm to be measured-
1650nm secondary color optical signals, from fiber array (1) exit slit outgoing, such as Fig. 3 is irradiated on collimation lens (2), is collimated into
The secondary color directional light of diameter about 5mm；Secondary color directional light is irradiated to grating (3) surface with 75 ° of incidence angles, and different wavelengths of light will be with not
Same angle of diffraction diffraction, 20.278 ° to 50.047 ° of diffraction angular region forms each monochromatic collimated beam, completes the 1st diffraction light splitting.
Each monochromatic collimated beam will be irradiated on right-angle prism (4) along different diffraction directions, is only strictly perpendicular to straight
Monochromatic light is translated up and is reflected back grating (3) in strict accordance with 180 degree incident that of angle prism (4) by right-angle prism (4) all the way,
Form the 2nd diffraction light splitting.
2nd time diffraction incidence angle is equal to the 1st angle of diffraction of diffraction, therefore it can be seen from grating equation, the 2nd angle of diffraction
It is 75 °, light beam is looked in top view (Fig. 2) direction and overlapped with the projection of first time diffracted beam, therefore plane mirror (9) is installed
In collimation lens (2) side, grating (3) is reflected back towards, the 3rd diffraction is formed, now incidence angle is 75 °.
Reflected through right-angle prism (4) and translated again by the 3rd light beam of diffraction, be again incident on shape on grating (3)
Into the 4th diffraction, this diffraction incidence angle is equal to the 1st Diffraction Diffraction angle, therefore the angle of diffraction is equal to 75 °, and light beam returns to collimation
Lens (2).And because the Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre point of fiber array (1) is placed in the focus of collimation lens (2), two light
Fine end face is not that in collimation lens focus, therefore according to geometric optical imaging principle, the light beam for returning to collimating mirror (2) is gathered
Jiao is arrived on the incident optical end face of fiber array (1), this completes monochromatic light splitting.
Learnt by grating color distribution ability formula R=K*N, when K=1 (1 order diffraction), N (the total unit number of diffraction)=5mm/
Cos (75 °) × 1050 × 4, grating resolution is 1550nm/R=0.019nm.
Grating ruler (7) takes 20mm, and 20/0.0001=200000 can be produced when completely by grating ruler reading head (8)
Individual pulse.
The center of circle at right-angle prism support (5) circular arc end is machine shaft, and prism can reflect 1250-1650nm when rotating
The effective angle scope of light is about 50.047 ° of radians of -20.278 ° of ≈ 0.524, therefore prism bracket arc tips radius R=
20mm/0.524≈38.2mm；
Prism bracket (5) arc end radius 38.2mm；Grating ruler (7) 20mm long, can produce in effective anglec of rotation
200000 pulses, this fully meets spectral resolution 0.02nm rank spectrometers, wavelength position pulse precision 0.002nm, i.e.,
The demand of theoretical demand pulse (1250-1650)/0.002=200000.
The experimental system built using said elements verified, realizes wavelength positioning precision in 1250-1650nm
0.002nm, the design requirement of spectral resolution 0.02nm.It is illustrated in figure 6 monochromator light path input 1500-1700nm AES wide
Spectrum light source, exports the monochromatic spectrograms of 1561.90nm, it can be seen that the monochromatic light half-power spectrum width is 0.023nm, that is, represent
The curve of spectrum of resolution ratio 0.023nm can be obtained using the sampling spectrum of the width.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of fiber optic communication high-resolution gration spectrometer architecture, the structure includes：Fiber array (1), collimation lens
(2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), motor (6), grating ruler (7), grating ruler reading head (8) peace
Face speculum (9)；
The fiber array (1) is single-mode fiber array, and two fiber end faces of fiber array (1) side are respectively as spectrometer
Exit slit and entrance slit, this two fiber end faces be located at collimation lens (2) focal plane on；
It by the diverging light of the exit slit outgoing of fiber array (1) collimation is directional light that the effect of the collimation lens (2) is, and
The monochromatic light returned by (3) 4 diffraction of grating is focused on entrance slit；
The grating (3) in the outgoing directional light light path of collimation lens (2), for diffraction light splitting, grating surface normal with
The directional light of collimated lens (2) collimation is in 70-80 ° of angle, referred to as grating incident angle, and the angle of diffraction of different wave length diffraction light is not
Together, light splitting function is realized；
The right-angle prism (4) is described for reflecting the directional light through grating (3) diffraction on the optical diffraction of grating (3)
Directional light after the secondary reflection of right-angle prism (4) two by being again introduced into grating (3) and realizes 2 diffraction, and rotating right-angle prism (4) enters
Row selects light, realizes the length scanning function of spectrometer；
The prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating ruler (7), and right-angle prism (4) is fixed on prism
Support (5) one end, grating ruler (7) is adhered on another circular arc end face of prism bracket (5)；
The rotating shaft of the motor (6) is fixedly connected with prism bracket, and effect is rotating prism support (5), makes right-angle prism (4)
Rotate scanning optical spectrum；The pivot of prism bracket (5) is the spindle central of motor (6), is also prism bracket (5)
The center of circle of circular arc end face；
The grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed on outside the circular arc end face rotation round of prism bracket (5), away from circumference 0.5-1mm,
Grating ruler (7) is bonded on prism bracket (5) circular arc end face, when prism bracket (5) rotation, makes grating ruler (7) close to light
When the test surface of grid ruler reading head (8) produces tangential displacement, grating ruler reading head (8) produces pulse, the pulse and right-angle prism
(4) rotation angle increment is strictly corresponded to, for the demarcation of wavelength；
The plane mirror (9) positioned at grating (3), by being again introduced into grating (3) shape after the secondary reflection of right-angle prism (4) two
Into 2 optical diffractions on, plane mirror (9) reflects back the directional light after 2 diffraction along former road, realize the 3rd time and
The 4th diffraction.
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| US5233405A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-08-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical spectrum analyzer having double-pass monochromator |
| CN101009519B (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2010-09-01 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A monitoring instrument for diffraction grating light signal with dual channel structure |
| JP2009216397A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | Spectrophotometer |
| CN201434727Y (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-31 | 合肥皖仪科技有限公司 | Rapid wavelength scanning mechanism |
| CN103453989B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-05-27 | 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 | Grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication |
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Address after: 300392 Tianjin city Xiqing Binhai New District Huayuan Industrial Zone (outer ring) three Hai Tai Road No. 8 innovation Patentee after: Tianjin Deli Instrument Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300392 Tianjin city Xiqing Binhai New District Huayuan Industrial Zone (outer ring) three Hai Tai Road No. 8 innovation Patentee before: Tianjin Deviser Electronics Instrument Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20220721 Address after: 300392 3519, zone B, No. 8, Haitai Chuangxin Third Road, Huayuan Industrial Zone (outside the ring), high tech Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin Patentee after: Deli photoelectric technology (Tianjin) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300392 No. 8, Haitai Chuangxin Third Road, Huayuan Industrial Zone (outside the ring), Binhai high tech Zone, Xiqing District, Tianjin Patentee before: Tianjin Deli Instrument Equipment Co.,Ltd. |
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