CN103453989B - Grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication - Google Patents
Grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN103453989B CN103453989B CN201310430212.9A CN201310430212A CN103453989B CN 103453989 B CN103453989 B CN 103453989B CN 201310430212 A CN201310430212 A CN 201310430212A CN 103453989 B CN103453989 B CN 103453989B
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Abstract
The invention provides a grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication and belongs to a grating monochromatic optical path in the field of spectrum analysis. The grating spectrometer optical path structure comprises an optical fiber signal coupler, an optical fiber end face slit, a collimation and focus lens, a grating, a plane mirror and a mechanical rotating mechanism. The optical fiber end face slit is a forward direction output end of the optical fiber signal coupler and arranged on the focal point of the collimation and focus lens, the grating is arranged on the optical path of parallel light of the collimation and focus lens, and the plane mirror is vertically fixed onto the mechanical rotating mechanism and arranged on a diffraction optical path. The optical path structure has the advantages that light is selected through rotation of the plane mirror, meanwhile light rays achieve original path return in the optical path, the light rays can irradiate onto the grating twice, and therefore the resolution ratio is improved; the optical fiber end face slit serves as an incidence and emergent slit, the collimation and focus lens plays a role in collimating and focusing, and therefore the optical path structure is greatly simplified and debugging is convenient. The grating spectrometer optical path structure meets the requirements for development and application of spectrometers of an optical fiber communication system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical element, system, be specifically related to a kind of grating spectrograph light channel structure for fiber optic communication field spectral analysis.
Background technology
Optical fiber telecommunications system mainly uses 1250-1650nm near infrared light, needs to use the optical signal spectrum in spectrometer acquisition system in engineering, carries out channel quality detection and analysis.Along with the development and apply of the development of Fibre Optical Communication Technology, particularly close wavelength-division multiplex technology, require that spectrometer has resolution high, reliably portable, the features such as cost-effective, so the design of the design to spectrometer, particularly light channel structure is had higher requirement.
The prior art the most close with the present invention, is the light path (United States Patent (USP): US 6636306 B2) of EXFO Co. spectrometer, mainly comprises: entrance slit, collimating element, grating, right-angle prism, concentrating element, exit slit and mechanical rotating mechanism.The function of this light channel structure is actually the monochromator of choosing wavelength, is each monochromatic light signal by polychromatic light signal decomposition to be measured.The course of work is: the polychromatic light of dispersing from entrance slit outgoing collimates as directional light is irradiated in grating the first half by collimating element, polychromatic light is decomposed into monochromatic light by grating, each monochromatic light is reflexed to grating the latter half again by right-angle prism, after forming second time light splitting, only have a road monochromatic light to be focused element to focus on exit slit and export detection circuit to, drive right-angle prism to rotate by mechanical rotating mechanism and select light function.
This light path is relative to the light channel structure of conventional spectrometers, smaller and more exquisite, can re-diffraction light splitting, there is higher resolution, but it has three obvious defects: 1. collimation and focused light passages are longitudinal folding, so outgoing and input path, focus on and be all separated with collimated light path, amount to needs 6 kinds of optical elements, volume is large, poor reliability; 2. longitudinal folding beam orthogonal projection strictly must could eliminate aberration point-blank substantially, and improve the light intensity receiving efficiency of detection circuit, this makes the installment and debugging of light path all very difficult, is unfavorable for producing; 3. this light path need use prism, easily causes parasitic light; Twice diffraction needs to be irradiated to the upper and lower two parts of grating, therefore needs the area of grating very large; Use 2 identical elements respectively as collimation and concentrating element, these all make light path cost very high, have naturally raised product price.
For above-mentioned defect, development light channel structure is simple, meets again the low cost optical spectrometer light path structure that high resolving power requires, spectral instrument exploitation being met to optical fiber telecommunications system measurement demand is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed for above-mentioned light path design, propose a kind of resolution high, element is few, is convenient to debugging, the optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure that cost is low.The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure, comprising: optical fiber signal coupler (1), optical fiber end face slit (2), collimation and focus lamp (3), grating (4), plane mirror (5), mechanical rotating mechanism (6); The annexation of above-mentioned each ingredient is as Fig. 1.
Wherein, optical fiber signal coupler (1) is three port single-mode fiber elements, port has input end, forward output terminal and inverse output terminal, the input end (7) of optical fiber signal coupler is as measured signal input port, the fiber end face of forward output terminal is processed into the plane (see figure 2) at oblique 8 ° of angles, as optical fiber end face slit (2), be placed in collimation with in the focus of focus lamp (3), inverse output terminal (8) exports measured signal; Grating (4) is placed on collimation with in the directional light light path of focus lamp, forms an angle, is called incident angle, be generally 60 °-80 ° with directional light; Plane mirror (5) is vertically fixed on mechanical rotating mechanism (6), and plane mirror central shaft overlaps with the rotary middle spindle of mechanical rotating mechanism (6); Plane mirror is placed on the optical diffraction of grating (4).
Described collimation and focus lamp (3), become directional light by the diverging light of optical fiber end face slit (2) outgoing, and simultaneously by the parallel light focusing that returns to its focus, effect is both as collimating element, also as concentrating element.
The function of described grating (4) is light splitting, is gone out by the secondary color directional light being irradiated to its surface according to certain angle diffraction, and the light signal angle of diffraction of different wave length is different, and namely each wavelength is sufficiently separated by.Described grating is ruling grating or holographic grating.
Described plane mirror (5), as selecting optical element, the light inciding its plane of reflection is reflected back according to reflection law, especially, it should be noted that the light being strictly perpendicular to the plane of reflection will return according to original optical path, the operation wavelength of described flat mirror reflects mirror (5) should meet 1250-1650nm.
Described mechanical rotating mechanism (6), effect allows plane mirror do circumference rotation around its axis, makes the diffraction light of each wavelength be strictly perpendicular to the plane of reflection successively and to be reflected back by according to original optical path.
The course of work of described grating spectrograph light channel structure is:
The first step: the polychromatic light signal to be measured entering optical fiber from (1) optical fiber signal coupler input end imports optical fiber end face slit (2);
Second step: the secondary color diverging light of optical fiber end face slit (2) outgoing is irradiated to collimation with on focus lamp (3), because optical fiber end face slit (2) is placed in collimation with in the focus of focus lamp (3), therefore diverging light can be collimated as directional light;
3rd step: secondary color directional light is irradiated to grating (4) surface with certain incident angle, and the different wave length light signal in secondary color directional light, by with different angle of diffraction diffraction, forms each monochromatic collimated beam, completes first time diffraction light splitting;
4th step: each monochromatic collimated beam will be irradiated on plane mirror (5) along different diffraction direction, only be strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) incident Na mono-road monochromatic light and can be reflected back grating (4) in strict accordance with former road, be irradiated to the grating surface that diffraction is identical for the first time, but not each monochromatic light being strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) also can be reflected back toward grating surface, but can not return in strict accordance with former road;
5th step: be again irradiated to the upper each monochromatic light of grating (4), by the light splitting of second time diffraction, the monochromatic light after the light splitting of second time diffraction can be irradiated to collimation again with on focus lamp (3);
6th step: return (3) collimation and the assorted monochromatic light on focus lamp, only have in the 4th step that road light being strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) can be focused onto in optical fiber end face slit (2), again enter in optical fiber; But not the monochromatic light being strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) will be focused onto optical fiber end face slit (2) can not enter in optical fiber outward, conductively-closed fallen, and which achieves monochromatic light function;
7th step: again enter the monochromatic light of optical fiber along optical fiber reverse transfer, is coupled into inverse output terminal when arriving optical fiber signal coupler (1), and entering signal detection processes with processing unit.
8th step: mechanical rotating mechanism (6) drives plane mirror (5) to rotate, and the different wave length monochromatic light of vertical reflection is constantly changed, and therefore the light of different wave length can enter in optical fiber successively and be detected, and completes monochromatic light and selects light function.
advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
2 optical diffractions in 1 the present invention overlap completely, and it is good therefore only to need collimated light path Installation and Debugging, and focused light passages just completes simultaneously, is very easy to installment and debugging work, makes structure smaller and more exquisite simultaneously.
Unified outgoing and entrance slit in 2 the present invention, collimation and concentrating element, only need 4 optical elements, improve light path reliability, reduce light path volume.
The plane mirror design of 3 uniquenesses, light is irradiated on grating for 2 times and forms re-diffraction, optical resolution improves about 2 times, by the rotation of plane mirror, also can play the effect selecting light.Relative to right-angle prism, plane mirror does not have aberration, does not produce parasitic light.
4 relative to the light path of EXFO, and the main light path of the present invention decreases 2 optical elements, uses the plane mirror of low cost to replace prism, and identical by 2 optical grating diffraction positions, makes area to reduce half.These measures make light path cost to reduce by more than 50.And the optical fiber signal coupler increased can adopt ripe commercial devices, relative to element costs such as gratings, almost can ignore.
Although 5 the present invention have employed simpler light channel structure, achieve cheaper cost advantage, relative to the light path of EXFO, on the spectral instrument key indexs such as spectral resolution, parasitic light rejection ratio, do not reduce.So the spectrometer adopting the present invention to produce, international advanced fiber spectrometer index can be reached completely.
Light channel structure of the present invention, is specially adapted to the miniature fiber communication spectrometer of large-scale production, and this development that is universal and optical fiber communication cause for spectrometer all has positive meaning.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is optical fiber end face slit structural representation.
Fig. 3 is that optical circulator is as optical fiber signal coupler schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that photo-coupler is as optical fiber signal coupler schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is off axis paraboloidal mirror collimation and focusing principle figure.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure provided by the invention, embodiment is as follows:
Single-mode optics coupling mechanism is as optical fiber signal coupler (1), and its output terminal grinds into oblique 8 ° of angle angled end-faces, fibre core (9) diameter about 10 microns, and numerical aperture 0.13, as optical fiber end face slit (2), as Fig. 2.General fiber array manufacturer can complete end face and grind;
Single-mode optics coupling mechanism inverse output terminal (8) connects detection and signal processing unit () in figure slightly, and this example uses a Larger Dynamic high precision light power meter and PC to get final product settling signal power detection and process;
Collimation and focus lamp (3) adopt 60 ° of off-axis angles of Ai Temengte company, effective focal length 50.8mm, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of diameter 25mm;
Grating (4) is ruling grating or holographic grating, line number 1100 lines per millimeter, and when incident angle 75 °, angle of diffraction 24.1 ° to 51.1 °, 2 times diffraction theory resolution can reach about 0.03nm.
Plane of reflection mirror (5) is common metallic-membrane plating reflector, can work in 1250-1650nm wavelength coverage.
Mechanical rotating mechanism (6) uses the optics rotation platform of Jiangxi consecutive victories company, platform diameter 60mm, running accuracy 0.00125 °.
Polychromatic light signal to be measured, wavelength coverage 1250nm-1650nm, optical fiber is entered from the input end (7) of optical fiber signal coupler (1), optical fiber end face slit (2) is arrived by optical fiber signal coupler (1), again from optical fiber end face slit outgoing, be irradiated to collimation and (3) on focus lamp, be collimated as secondary color directional light; Secondary color directional light irradiates and is irradiated to grating (4) surface with 75 ° of incident angles, and the different wave length light signal in secondary color directional light is by with different angle of diffraction diffraction, and angle of diffraction scope 24 °-58 °, forms each monochromatic collimated beam, completes first time diffraction light splitting;
Each monochromatic collimated beam will be irradiated on plane mirror (5) along different diffraction direction, only be strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) incident Na mono-road monochromatic light and can be reflected back grating (4) in strict accordance with former road, form the light splitting of second time diffraction, the second time angle of diffraction of this road light is 75 °, namely according to first time diffraction incident direction return; Non-critical is perpendicular to plane mirror (5) although other incident wavelength monochromatic light also can be reflected back toward grating (4), and their second time angle of diffraction is not 75 °, so can not return according to original optical path;
Former road returns collimation and the monochromatic light of focus lamp (3), can be focused onto in optical fiber end face slit (2), again enter in optical fiber; But not each monochromatic light being strictly perpendicular to plane mirror (5) will be focused onto optical fiber end face slit (2) can not enter in optical fiber outward, conductively-closed fallen, and which achieves monochromatic light function;
Again enter the monochromatic light of optical fiber along optical fiber reverse transfer, be coupled into inverse output terminal (8) when arriving optical fiber signal coupler (1), entering signal detection processes with processing unit.Mechanical rotating mechanism (6) drives plane mirror (5) to rotate, and make different wave length monochromatic light by vertical reflection successively, therefore the light of different wave length can enter in optical fiber successively and be detected, and completes and selects light function.
Adopt the light path experimental system that said elements is built, achieve wavelength in 1250-1650nm and choose precision 0.018nm, spectral resolution 0.05nm, reach the good result of more than 40dB in parasitic light rejection ratio 0.4nm, be enough to the measurement requirement of the dense wavelength division multiplexing system meeting 0.2nm wavelength and above interval thereof.
Claims (6)
1. an optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure, comprising: optical fiber signal coupler (1), optical fiber end face slit (2), collimation and focus lamp (3), grating (4), plane mirror (5), mechanical rotating mechanism (6);
Wherein, optical fiber signal coupler (1) is three port single-mode fiber elements, port has input end, forward output terminal and inverse output terminal, the input end (7) of optical fiber signal coupler is as measured signal input port, the fiber end face of forward output terminal is processed into the plane at oblique 8 ° of angles, as optical fiber end face slit (2), be placed in collimation with in the focus of focus lamp (3), inverse output terminal (8) exports measured signal; Grating (4) is placed on collimation with in the directional light light path of focus lamp, and form an angle with directional light, be called incident angle, ranges of incidence angles is 60 °-80 °; Plane mirror (5) is vertically fixed on mechanical rotating mechanism (6), and plane mirror central shaft overlaps with the rotary middle spindle of mechanical rotating mechanism (6); Plane mirror is placed on the optical diffraction of grating (4).
2. optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described optical fiber signal coupler (1) can use photo-coupler or optical circulator, effect measured signal is imported optical fiber end face slit (2), the monochromatic light returned imported inverse output terminal (8) from optical fiber end face slit simultaneously.
3. optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described collimation and focus lamp (3) are off axis paraboloidal mirror, effect is both as collimating mirror, the measured signal collimation that will send from optical fiber end face slit (2) is directional light, again as focus lamp, the monochromatic collimated beam returned is focused in optical fiber end face slit (2).
4. optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described grating (4) is ruling grating or holographic grating.
5. optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the diffraction light of vertical incidence is reflected back grating by original optical path by described plane mirror (5), forms second time diffraction, makes light path turn back back by former road simultaneously.
6. optical fiber communication grating spectrograph light channel structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the mechanical rotating mechanism (6) described in using drives plane mirror (5) to rotate, the diffraction light of different wave length is turned back back by former road, completes and select light function.
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| CN105371949A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-03-02 | 南京理工大学 | Format type dispersion imaging spectrometer and detecting method thereof |
| CN104964744B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-06-20 | 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 | High-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication |
| CN106017673A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-10-12 | 天津大学 | MEMS-scanning-micromirror-based double-pass grating monochrometer optical path structure |
| CN107870165A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 福州高意光学有限公司 | The Raman fiber optic probe that a kind of special fiber makes |
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| CN201094621Y (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-08-06 | 浙江大学 | Transmission type quick-speed optical scan delay-line used for OCT balancing exploration |
| CN103022866A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-03 | 北京化工大学 | Modulated oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) type random fiber optic laser device |
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