CN104955611B - 具有阻尼带的用于焊接主轴圆盘的辅助设备，及摩擦焊接方法 - Google Patents

具有阻尼带的用于焊接主轴圆盘的辅助设备，及摩擦焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN104955611B
CN104955611B CN201480006352.6A CN201480006352A CN104955611B CN 104955611 B CN104955611 B CN 104955611B CN 201480006352 A CN201480006352 A CN 201480006352A CN 104955611 B CN104955611 B CN 104955611B
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让-卢克·鲍尔
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps
    • B23K37/0443—Jigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
    • B23K37/0533—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor external pipe alignment clamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
    • F01D5/063—Welded rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种带状物(7)，该带状物包括在其内表面上与衬套(9)交替的凹槽(10)，该带状物被布置在圆盘(5、2)上，使得它们被覆盖并夹持在它们的外围，该衬套(9)接合单元套环(1)用于接收叶片根部，以在齿(2)上施加弹性夹持，并且在圆盘与转子的其它部分进行的惯性摩擦焊接过程中防止疲劳裂纹的形成，所述裂缝可能出现在圆盘(5)的主要部分和齿(2)的连接(6)处。带状物(7)包括一种具有用于阻尼的良好内部粘性的弹性聚合物。

Description

具有阻尼带的用于焊接主轴圆盘的辅助设备，及摩擦焊接 方法
说明书
本发明的第一方面涉及一种包括阻尼带的用于焊接拉削圆盘的辅助设备，并且另一方面涉及一种相关的摩擦焊接方法。
涡轮喷气发动机和涡轮螺旋桨发动机圆盘频繁地彼此摩擦焊接，并且特别地通过在因此形成的垂直于转子旋转轴线的组装平面中的惯性摩擦而频繁地彼此摩擦焊接。它们经常包括在其外围周围的拉削狭槽，在该狭槽内侧将装配叶片根部以及可能地位于该狭槽端部的叶片保持的钩。
该焊接方法使用非常高的能量，并且几乎总是产生很高的强度和很高的频率振动。疲劳裂纹然后可能出现在该狭槽的底部，以及在叶片保持钩的底部。
摩擦焊接的这些缺点已经众所周知，并且已经提出了，它们可以通过将用于阻尼这些振动的元件连接到被焊接部件而被纠正。文献US2004/108358A和2010/193572A公开了几个示例。然而，看起来根据这些专利的阻尼装置并不适于带有外围狭槽的圆盘的特殊情况并且没有阻止通过在最暴露位置的振动疲劳的裂缝发展，即在分离狭槽的外围齿和在狭槽底部开始的圆盘主要部件之间的角连接，以及在叶片保持钩的底部。US2006/051211公开了一种比根据本发明的元件更复杂的阻尼元件，其包括两个被保持在两个金属端板之间的侧聚合物带状物，其彼此相互面对以将该带状物保持在圆盘的侧面上。在先前文献中描述的阻尼元件自然涉及一种被摩擦焊接的圆盘，但该圆盘不具有由齿分离的拉削狭槽以包含叶片根部，因为在该先前文献中公开的圆盘是已经承载有叶片的单件整体叶盘。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于通过阻尼振动在圆盘中保护拉削狭槽的装置，其适于带有外围狭槽的圆盘。
根据本发明，该新装置包括粘弹性聚合物环形带状物，所述带状物包括布置的衬套和凹槽，其特征在于，所述带状物包括被紧绷布置在所述圆盘外围周围的绷带，并且所述衬套和所述凹槽在所述绷带的内侧表面上。
所述带状物及其衬套局部地围绕所述圆盘的所述齿并限制它们的振动振幅，特别地因为被挤在相邻对的齿之间所述衬套有助于施加同相振动模式到所述齿，因此在减少了由于其材料的阻尼属性的振动振幅同时，减少了高频率。带有径向约束的围绕所述圆盘的封闭环形绷带的作用很重要，并且有助于阻尼。不同于在US2006/051211中的装置，它是单件装置并且因此很容易制造和使用。其重量也很轻，部分地因为不存在需要保持侧带与所述圆盘接触的金属端板，并且其可具有使阻尼更困难的很高惯性。
根据一种改进，所述带状物包括向内的径向方向突出的侧裙部。它们有助于在焊接过程中将所述带状物保持在适当位置，同时减少被施加到所述叶片保持钩的振动，当存在的话。同时，这些侧裙部保护拉削狭槽的精加工表面免于与焊接有关的微小飞溅。
所述聚合物必须具有足够的弹性和柔性，使得它可被紧绷布置在所述圆盘周围，然后从所述圆盘移除而没有残余变形。理想地，它还必须具有足够的阻尼性能以有效地减少振动振幅。可以提出聚氨酯。
本发明也涉及一种用于摩擦焊接拉削圆盘的方法，其特征在于，它包括使用如上所述的辅助设备，调整它以紧绷在所述圆盘周围，所述衬套进入到在所述圆盘外围周围形成的狭槽，使得它们在焊接过程中被压缩在与所述狭槽交替布置的所述圆盘的所述齿之间。
根据一种可选和有利的特征，所述带状物的半径小于所述圆盘的外半径，使得当与其分离时，它小于所述圆盘的3到20％。
现在将参考下图描述本发明的不同方面，所述图被附加并被给出仅用于说明目的并描述本发明的一种可能实施例：
—图1是本发明可被应用到的圆盘的概述；
—图2是处于自由状态的带状物的概述；
—图3是装配有带状物的圆盘的详细视图；
—图4是根据本发明的转子组件的概述。
参考图1。本发明可被应用到的圆盘包括外围，在该外围周围的狭槽1与在这种情况下被称为齿2的固体部分交替。狭槽1形成最接近圆盘中心的加宽基部以及形成颈部3的更窄上部部件。拉刀可纵向或倾斜地装配在狭槽1中；钩也可装配在齿2的端面上并随后保持圆盘叶片，其根部滑入到狭槽1内并且其端部将装配有互补的钩，环将插入到齿2的钩4内并且进入叶片根部的钩内以沿狭槽1保持叶片。这种布置是已知的并且没有示出。
具有该圆盘形状，裂缝可能在齿2和圆盘的主要部分5之间的角连接6出现，在这些角连接6的侧面上以及精确地在狭槽1的底部打开的齿2最狭窄的的位置，和在钩4和齿2之间的角连接处中央和连续地引发。
如图2所示的阻尼带7可根据本发明在焊接过程中使用。它由聚合物制成并具有足够的粘弹性从而是柔性、弹性的并强烈地阻尼振动。它包括被布置在圆盘外围的绷带8，由凹槽10在其内表面上分隔的衬套9以及在绷带8的两侧面上的侧裙部11，该侧群部为径向向内突出的平面条带。衬套9进入齿2之间，以填充颈部3。
绷带8以约束力被挤压在齿2上，该约束力取决于当被布置在齿2周围时的绷带的膨胀。衬套9被压缩在相邻齿之间，并有助于将其保持在适当位置并沿切线方向夹持它，这使得齿2更难弯曲。裙部11有助于在焊接过程中将带状物7保持在圆盘周围的适当位置，并且也在钩4上施加压力和阻尼。
由于齿2不容易在其角连接周围弯曲到圆盘的主要部分5，角连接6不具有高度应力并且疲劳裂纹没有在它们中出现，或更不容易地发展。
带状物7有利地由聚氨酯制成。Courbhane 60R(注册商标)是一种非常适合于本发明能够提供所述特征的等级，特别地是阻尼特征。
已经发现的是，用绷带8获得了良好的减振效果，对于该绷带，在未受应力状态中的内侧表面的半径比圆盘的外半径小3％到20％(半径在凹槽10和齿2的位置测量)。
图4示出了带状物7的使用，在这种情况下，它们中的几个被布置在彼此已经组装的相同数量的圆盘12上，但这些带状物留在适当位置，只要未示出的其它圆盘需要被焊接到先前获得的组件。
通常根据现有技术完成了焊接。

Claims (3)

1.用于焊接拉削圆盘的摩擦焊接方法，其特征在于，该拉削圆盘包括用于容纳叶片根部的狭槽，所述方法包括：
使用辅助装置进行焊接，该辅助装置包括粘弹性聚合物环形带状物，所述带状物包括交替布置的衬套和凹槽，所述带状物包括通过绷带的径向约束而被紧绷布置在圆盘外围周围的绷带，并且所述衬套和所述凹槽位于所述绷带的内侧表面上，所述绷带是封闭和环形的；调整绷带以紧绷在所述圆盘周围，所述衬套进入到围绕所述圆盘外围形成的狭槽中，使得所述衬套在焊接过程中被压缩在与所述狭槽交替布置的所述圆盘的齿之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述摩擦焊接方法，其特征在于，当所述带状物处于自由状态时，所述带状物的内侧半径比所述圆盘的外半径小3％。
3.根据权利要求1所述摩擦焊接方法，其特征在于，当所述带状物处于自由状态时，所述带状物的内侧半径比所述圆盘的外半径小20％。
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CA2899436A1 (fr) 2014-08-07
RU2648715C2 (ru) 2018-03-28
WO2014118464A1 (fr) 2014-08-07
US9498841B2 (en) 2016-11-22
EP2950970A1 (fr) 2015-12-09
BR112015017669B1 (pt) 2019-11-12
JP2016511811A (ja) 2016-04-21
BR112015017669A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
FR3001402A1 (fr) 2014-08-01
JP6325577B2 (ja) 2018-05-16
FR3001402B1 (fr) 2015-07-03
CN104955611A (zh) 2015-09-30
US20150343556A1 (en) 2015-12-03
CA2899436C (fr) 2020-06-30
RU2015136445A (ru) 2017-03-06
EP2950970B1 (fr) 2018-06-13

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