CN104953608A - DC-side pre-charging starting method for modular multi-level converter type high-voltage DC power transmission system connected with passive network - Google Patents
DC-side pre-charging starting method for modular multi-level converter type high-voltage DC power transmission system connected with passive network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DC-side pre-charging starting method for a modular multi-level converter type high-voltage DC power transmission system connected with a passive network. The DC-side pre-charging starting method comprises the steps of (1) switching on an AC circuit breaker of an active station, serially connecting a current limiting resistor with a charging circuit; (2) charging a capacitor by an AC system of the active station through an insulated gate bipolar transistor antiparallel diode in a sub-module, and simultaneously charging a passive-side converter through a DC line; (3) a passive-side sub-module has an energy that can be triggered, unlocking the passive-side converter and enabling a controller, and simultaneously charging converters at two ends by the AC system of the active station through a diode loop and a DC line; (4) when the voltage of a module capacitor is charged to a preset value, unlocking an active-side converter, inputting DC voltage for controlling, switching off the current limiting resistor, and limiting charging current by means of a current limiting element in a double-closed-loop controller; and (5) after pre-charging to the module is finished, switching the system from a starting mode to a normal mode, and performing network integration on the passive side.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system technical field of electric power transmission, be specifically related to the precharge of MMC current conversion station DC side and start control method.
Background technology
Owing to having the many advantages such as device unanimously triggers that dynamic voltage balancing requirement is low, favorable expandability, switching frequency are low and running wastage is low, modularization multi-level converter (MMC) has become the main flow topology of high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC).Start and control to be must face in MMC engineer applied and critical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.Converter precharge is the committed step that whole flexible direct current system normally starts.
Two ends MMC-HVDC has two kinds of basic networking modes, and namely two ends are all connected with source network and one end connected with passive network, different with step in the Starting mode of different application scenario MMC-HVDC.Under the mode of the active networking in two ends, two ends current conversion station is switched to normal operation mode after completing the task to local three-phase brachium pontis submodule capacitor charging respectively by AC.And when MMC-HVDC be applied in that passive network is powered, although black starting-up or two ends are connected with source network, but need one end to start as leading station in the application scenarios such as whole system, because now inactive side and AC system to be restored may not have power supply to provide charge power supply to capacitor, can only be charged to the module capacitance of local and distant place converter and DC line by one end current conversion station simultaneously.
Generally, before normal startup, the submodule electric capacity of each converter valve of converter is uncharged, start in charging process at current conversion station, if only simply adopt series limiting resistor device and do not take control measure further, relative to normally running direct voltage, charging terminates rear capacitor and may occur charge less phenomenon.If the larger situation of the two difference is just direct by starting control mode switch to normal operation mode (as determined active power, determining reactive power, determining the control models such as alternating voltage), larger transient over-current may be there is, jeopardize the safety of equipment.
In particular in the MMC-HVDC system of powering to passive network, the AC system of Inverter Station side is a passive network, and it can not directly enter determines alternating voltage control mode.Need source converter during startup is local and the precharge of dead terminal capacitor simultaneously.After condenser voltage rises to set point, inactive side converter can start to start the capital equipment be attached thereto.When equipment such as inactive side comprise jumbo transformer, the transmission line of long distance, excessive magnetizing inrush current and overvoltage is avoided to need the problem of careful consideration.Normally put into operation for guarantee system and reduce the impact to self and electrical network as far as possible, needing Starting mode reasonable in design to complete the precharge of a large amount of brachium pontis submodule electric capacity, finally realize the steady conveying of direct current power.How the module capacitors voltage fast lifting of One's name is legion to set point, be the basis that subsequent control strategy correctly works.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of modular multilevel converter type HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system (MMC-HVDC) DC side precharge starting method being coupled to passive network, voltage when making the direct voltage of system be climbed to normal work, but excessive charging current and voltage overshoot phenomenon can not be produced.
Be coupled to modular multilevel converter type HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system (MMC-HVDC) DC side precharge starting method for passive network, comprise the steps:
(1) the closed AC circuit breaker having source station, seals in current-limiting resistance in charging path;
(2) there is source station AC system to be charged to electric capacity by insulated gate bipolar transistor in submodule (IGBT) anti-paralleled diode, charged to inactive side converter by DC line simultaneously;
(3) inactive side submodule IGBT possesses the energy that can trigger, and unlocks inactive side converter and throws people's controller, charges the while of having source station AC system to continue through diode circuit and DC line to two ends converter;
(4) when module capacitance voltage is charged to set point, unlock active side converter, drop into DC voltage control, excision current-limiting resistance, utilizes the current limliting link in double-closed-loop control device to limit charging current;
(5), when module capacitance voltage is charged to rated value and after precharge completes, system is transformed into normal mode by start-up mode, and inactive side is carried out grid-connected, and start to power to load, start-up course terminates.
In described step (1), the arrangement of current limliting electricity resistance has two kinds, is arranged in converter transformer net side or valve side.
In described step (2), have the state that source station MMC upper and lower bridge arm respectively has to be in charging mutually, they are respectively the upper brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase minimum and the lower brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase the highest; Inactive side MMC then three-phase six brachium pontis is all in charged state.Such active side converter every phase upper and lower bridge arm has N number of submodule simultaneously in charging, and the every phase upper and lower bridge arm of inactive side converter has 2N submodule simultaneously in charging.The capacitance voltage of active side MMC is 2 times of the capacitance voltage of inactive side MMC.
In described step (3), after inactive side converter deblocking, DC side equivalent circuit changes, and instantaneous falling appears in direct voltage, and then causes direct current to vibrate.The optimal way reducing direct current oscillation amplitude has two kinds, and a kind of is increase the equivalent inductance (as setting up smoothing reactor) in DC loop, and one unlocks inactive side converter as early as possible, makes line voltage distribution fall reduction.
In described step (4), adopt DC voltage control mode in active side.Now DC voltage control can adopt slop control mode, and module capacitance reference value adopts rated value.Reactive power controller reference value be set as zero or directly setting inner ring q shaft current reference value be zero, to reduce idle component and the energy loss of charging current.Inactive side controller adopts determines alternating voltage control mode.
Described controller, is characterized in that: adopt two close cycles vector controller structure, and carry out amplitude limit in the output current instruction of inner and outer ring controller, to prevent the flow problem excessively that may occur in the controlled charging stage.
The invention discloses a kind of modular multilevel converter type HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system (MMC-HVDC) DC side precharge starting method being coupled to passive network.The method, without the need to configuring extra auxiliary DC power supply, this approach reduces equipment investment, shortens precharge time, reduces system complexity.Instance analysis shows that the present invention can realize the precharge of submodule electric capacity, finally realizes the steady conveying of direct current power.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the two ends MMC-HVDC structural representation being coupled to passive network.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention starts control.
Fig. 3 is current-limiting resistance arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the present invention at not controlled charging stage system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the system equivalent schematic after inactive side MMC unlocks.
Fig. 6 is inactive side alternating voltage, current waveform figure in start-up course
Fig. 7 is active side alternating voltage, current waveform figure in start-up course
Fig. 8 is inactive side active power, reactive power oscillogram in start-up course
Fig. 9 is active side active power, reactive power oscillogram in start-up course
Figure 10 is the inactive side bridge arm current oscillogram in start-up course
Figure 11 is the active side bridge arm current oscillogram in start-up course
Figure 12 is direct voltage, current waveform (measurement of inactive side exit) figure in start-up course
Figure 13 is the inactive side capacitance voltage oscillogram in start-up course
Figure 14 is the active side capacitance voltage oscillogram in start-up course
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
In present embodiment, two ends flexible direct current power transmission system is as shown in Figure 1, and corresponding model is based upon electro-magnetic transient software PSCAD/EMTDC, its basic system parameters and control mode as follows
Rated direct voltage ± 150kV, rated power 300MW, AC system 110kV, capacity of short circuit 4000MVA, X/R are 10; Every phase 20 submodules, submodule electric capacity 1300uF, rated voltage is 15kV.Converter transformer adopts Yn/ △ to connect, and leakage reactance is 0.1pu, and no-load voltage ratio is 110kV/150kV.DC line 80km.Current-limiting resistance chooses 75 Ω.Inactive side adopts resistance and inductance to simulate, and is respectively 50 Ω and 1mH.During steady operation, inactive side adopts and determines alternating voltage control; Active side side adopts determines direct voltage and determines Reactive Power Control.To have source station with leading station of charging during startup, the submodule electric capacity to two stations while that its institute connecting AC network charges.Outer shroud and inner ring output violent change as follows: outer shroud export:
idref:-1.1-1.1; Iqref:-1.1-1.1; Inner ring exports:
udref:-1.3-1.3; Uqref:-1.3-1.3.
As shown in Figure 2, whole start-up course can be divided into three phases: in the first stage (not controlled charging stage), IGBT is owing to lacking enough activated with energy pulse blocking, there is source station AC system to be charged to electric capacity by IGBT anti-paralleled diode in submodule, charged to inactive side converter by DC line simultaneously; Second stage, when inactive side submodule IGBT possesses the energy that can trigger, unlock inactive side converter and throw people's corresponding controllers (be generally and determine alternating voltage control), charging to two ends converter while of having source station AC system to continue through diode circuit and DC line; Phase III, when module capacitance voltage is charged to set point, unlock active side converter, drop into DC voltage control, excision current-limiting resistance, utilizes the current limliting link in double-closed-loop control device to limit charging current.When module capacitance voltage is charged to rated value and after precharge completes, system is transformed into normal mode by start-up mode, and inactive side is carried out grid-connected, and start to power to load, start-up course terminates.
The installation position of current-limiting resistance is equipped with two kinds: be arranged in converter transformer system side (shown in Fig. 3 (a)), be arranged in converter transformer valve-side (as shown in Figure 3 (b))
Charging circuit signal within the charging stage one as shown in Figure 4.Now active side converter charge condition is similar to and exchanges precharge mode, i.e. the normal conditions upper and lower bridge arm state that respectively has one to be in charging mutually, and they are respectively the upper brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase minimum and the lower brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase the highest; Inactive side converter then three-phase six brachium pontis is all in charged state.Such active side converter every phase upper and lower bridge arm has N number of submodule simultaneously in charging, and the every phase upper and lower bridge arm of inactive side converter has 2N submodule charging simultaneously, and therefore in not controlled charging stage, the capacitance voltage of active side is 2 times of the capacitance voltage of inactive side:
Charging stage two li, before inactive side converter deblocking, active side converter every mutually in a brachium pontis be in charged state, a brachium pontis is in bypass state; And inactive side converter every mutually in two brachium pontis be all in charged state.Two ends converter is equivalent to charged electric capacity in DC side, and equivalent capacitance value is respectively such as formula (1), (2), and wherein subscript 1,2 represents active side and inactive side respectively.
When after inactive side converter deblocking, the submodule number often dropped into mutually is N number of, and DC side equivalent circuit changes, and instantaneous falling appears in direct voltage, and the amplitude of falling is half.If drop range is comparatively large, there will be direct current vibration by a relatively large margin.Schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5.
Therefore for reducing direct current, having two kinds of modes a kind of is increase the equivalent inductance (as setting up smoothing reactor) in DC loop, and one unlocks inactive side converter as early as possible, makes line voltage distribution fall reduction.
Within the phase III, active side circulation unlocks and excises current-limiting resistance, drops into DC voltage control and utilizes controller to continue to charge to module capacitance, until reach rated value.Active side MMC adopts DC voltage control mode.Now DC voltage control can adopt slop control mode, and module capacitance reference value adopts rated value; Submodule is under the effect of capacitance voltage balance policy, and periodically-varied switching state carries out discharge and recharge, and each intermodule capacitive energy can keep relative equilibrium and grow steadily, until all submodule capacitor voltage reach predetermined value.Because the charge power of electric capacity shows as active power, thus reactive power controller reference value be set as zero or directly setting inner ring q shaft current reference value be zero, to reduce idle component and the energy loss of charging current.Inactive side employing is determined the instruction of alternating voltage control controller output reference voltage and is sent to submodule triggering trigger element.The voltage be now added on transformer and transmission line is also progressively set up, and reduces magnetizing inrush current and overvoltage level, is conducive to proterctive equipment.Controller adopts two close cycles vector control structure, and carries out amplitude limit in the output current instruction of inner and outer ring controller, to prevent the flow problem excessively that may occur in the controlled charging stage.
As follows for the present embodiment specific design rate-determining steps:
(1) starting stage, DC line switch LS1, LS2 and circuit breaker S1, S2 are all in the state of cut-offfing;
(2) closed DC switch LS1, LS2;
(3) closed current conversion station 2(has source station) circuit breaker S1 current-limiting resistance is sealed in charging path, not controlled charging is carried out to submodule.What deserves to be explained is in charging process, the submodule capacitor voltage of current conversion station 1 is the half of current conversion station 2;
(4) reach a certain limit value in current conversion station 1 submodule capacitor voltage, unlock inactive side converter (i.e. current conversion station 1); Can fall half at unblock moment DC network voltage, direct voltage vibration is afterwards risen;
(5) carve unblock current conversion station 2 when appropriate, and drop into current conversion station 2 DC voltage controller, two ends converter continues charging under DC voltage controller effect;
(6) charging of all brachium pontis submodules close to or after reaching predetermined value, carve close circuit breaker S2 in due course, excision current-limiting resistance, precharge terminates;
(7) pattern is switched to normal state by starting state, current conversion station 1 is incorporated into the power networks, and ingoing power climbing, until rated power, starts and terminates.
In emulation, material time node is as follows: initial time, and circuit breaker S1, S2 are in off-state, and DC switch LS1, LS2 are in closure state; 0.05s current conversion station 2 close circuit breaker S1, system enters the not controlled charging stage; 0.1s unlocks the converter of current conversion station 1; 0.5s unlocks source station, and its DC voltage control puts into operation, and two stations exchange power by DC line, jointly promote direct voltage; 0.6s has the circuit breaker S2 of source station to close, excision current-limiting resistance, and direct voltage continues to rise; 0.8s current conversion station 1 is grid-connected, and power controller puts into operation, carries out power climbing; 1.0s system power reaches rated condition, and system enters steady-state operating condition subsequently.
From the simulation result listed by figure, unlock moment direct voltage appearance at current conversion station 1 and fall instantaneously, be then steadily charged to rated condition, power ascending curve is level and smooth., there is not overcurrent and overvoltage condition in start-up course, illustrates that when starting, the action sequence of each capital equipment coordinates appropriate.
The invention discloses a kind of modular multilevel converter type HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system (MMC-HVDC) DC side precharge starting method being coupled to passive network, comprise: (1) closed AC circuit breaker having source station, seals in current-limiting resistance in charging path; (2) there is source station AC system to be charged to electric capacity by insulated gate bipolar transistor in submodule (IGBT) anti-paralleled diode, charged to inactive side converter by DC line simultaneously; (3) inactive side submodule IGBT possesses the energy that can trigger, and unlocks inactive side converter and throws people's controller, charges the while of having source station AC system to continue through diode circuit and DC line to two ends converter; (4) when module capacitance voltage is charged to set point, unlock active side converter, drop into DC voltage control, excision current-limiting resistance, utilizes the current limliting link in double-closed-loop control device to limit charging current; (5), when module capacitance voltage is charged to rated value and after precharge completes, system is transformed into normal mode by start-up mode, and inactive side is carried out grid-connected, and start to power to load, start-up course terminates.Present invention achieves effective cooperation of equipment room action sequence, without the need to configuring extra auxiliary DC power supply, this approach reduces equipment investment, shortening precharge time, reduce system complexity, there is important engineering significance.
Claims (6)
1. be coupled to modular multilevel converter type HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system (MMC-HVDC) DC side precharge starting method for passive network, comprise the steps: (1) closed AC circuit breaker having source station, current-limiting resistance is sealed in charging path; (2) there is source station AC system to be charged to electric capacity by insulated gate bipolar transistor in submodule (IGBT) anti-paralleled diode, charged to inactive side converter by DC line simultaneously; (3) inactive side submodule IGBT possesses the energy that can trigger, and unlocks inactive side converter and throws people's controller, charges the while of having source station AC system to continue through diode circuit and DC line to two ends converter; (4) when module capacitance voltage is charged to set point, unlock active side converter, drop into DC voltage control, excision current-limiting resistance, utilizes the current limliting link in double-closed-loop control device to limit charging current; (5), when module capacitance voltage is charged to rated value and after precharge completes, system is transformed into normal mode by start-up mode, and inactive side is carried out grid-connected, and start to power to load, start-up course terminates.
2. starting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), described current-limiting resistance arrangement has two kinds, is arranged in converter transformer net side or valve side.
3. starting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), have the state that source station MMC upper and lower bridge arm respectively has to be in charging mutually, they are respectively the upper brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase minimum and the lower brachium pontis of phase voltage that phase the highest; Inactive side MMC then three-phase six brachium pontis is all in charged state, such active side converter every phase upper and lower bridge arm has N number of submodule simultaneously in charging, and the every phase upper and lower bridge arm of inactive side converter has 2N submodule simultaneously in charging, the capacitance voltage of active side MMC is 2 times of the capacitance voltage of inactive side MMC.
4. starting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), after inactive side converter deblocking, DC side equivalent circuit changes, and instantaneous falling appears in direct voltage, and then causes direct current to vibrate, the optimal way reducing direct current oscillation amplitude has two kinds, a kind of is increase the equivalent inductance (as setting up smoothing reactor) in DC loop, and one unlocks inactive side converter as early as possible, makes line voltage distribution fall reduction.
5. starting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (4), DC voltage control mode is adopted in active side, now DC voltage control can adopt slop control mode, module capacitance reference value adopts rated value, reactive power controller reference value be set as zero or directly setting inner ring q shaft current reference value be zero, to reduce idle component and the energy loss of charging current, inactive side controller adopts determines alternating voltage control mode.
6. controller according to claim 5, is characterized in that: adopt two close cycles vector controller structure, and carry out amplitude limit in the output current instruction of inner and outer ring controller, to prevent the flow problem excessively that may occur in the controlled charging stage.
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