CN104949128B - A kind of fixed-end forces method - Google Patents
A kind of fixed-end forces method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104949128B CN104949128B CN201510367011.8A CN201510367011A CN104949128B CN 104949128 B CN104949128 B CN 104949128B CN 201510367011 A CN201510367011 A CN 201510367011A CN 104949128 B CN104949128 B CN 104949128B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/70—Blending
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed-end forces method, comprise the following steps：(1) added in solid waste be not less than by solid waste weight 5% silt soil；(2) mixture for obtaining step (1) dying fire under conditions of being not less than 800 degree is burned.The harmful substance that on the one hand this method can be such that solid waste is burned through dying fire in the gas produced is reduced, and the tail gas produced through dying fire burning is more disposable to reach mark discharge；On the other hand, heavy metal can be made to solidify in silt soil, the heavy metal of leaching is less, the residue after being burned through dying fire can be as the mixing material for producing cement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed-end forces method, belong to field of solid waste treatment.
Background technology
Refuse pollution is one big " foul disease " that most cities face in the world.The rubbish that only China produces every year is hundred million
More than ton (such as reaching within 2008 according to statistics 1.54 hundred million tons, and 1.54 hundred million tons of rubbish are the statistics in 655 cities),
And rapid development.This does not include the yield of rural garbage also, and speedup is well imagined.If this problem can not be obtained effectively
Solve, it will the sustainable rapid growth to China brings serious negative effect.
Domestic and international widely used Treatment Way of Municipal Refuse in City mainly has sanitary landfills, During High-Temperature Composting and burning at present
Deng.
Garbage loading embeading is China's waste disposal method the most frequently used at present.Because its safety and sanitation, cost is relatively low, backfill
The place finished can be used as green land, park and recreation ground etc..But also generate a series of problems：Consume a large amount of soil moneys
Source, many cities have been difficult to find new landfill yard now；A large amount of percolates are produced, it is dirty that most of soot has percolate
Dye problem, etc..
Burning disposal is that rubbish is placed in incinerator to be burnt, and discharges heat energy, and waste heat recovery can heat supply or generating.
Discharged after gas cleaning, a small amount of residual residue discharge fills or made other purposes.Incineration treatment technology feature is that treating capacity is big, subtracted
Capacitive is good, innoxious thorough, and has energy recovery effect.Therefore, it is innoxious, minimizing to carry out burning disposal to house refuse
With effective processing mode of recycling.Countries in the world generally use this technology of garbage disposal.
Domestic and international garbage incineration technology mainly has three major types：Layer combustion technology, fluidized bed combustion and rotary combustion
The development of technology, wherein layer combustion technology is more ripe, and some countries all use this combustion technology.To make incineration firing process
Stable, layer combustion key is fire grate.Rubbish passes through three areas on fire grate：Preheating and drying area, primary zone and burnt zone.Rubbish
Caught fire on fire grate, heat is also from inside waste layer not only from the radiation of top and the convection current of flue gas.On fire grate
The rubbish of fire makes waste layer consumingly stir and stir under the special role of fire grate, constantly promotes, causes rubbish bottom
Portion also begins to catch fire, continuous upset and agitation, loosens waste layer, gas permeability is strengthened, and contributes to catching fire and burning for rubbish.
But handle the incineration treatment method of house refuse better abroad, at present, it can not be obtained very in China
Good utilization.Reason have it is following some：1st, the technical price introduced is expensive；2nd, the national conditions of China are difficult in adapt to.At present to China
The research of rubbish in itself is deep not enough, even if so that the foreign countries directly introduced do not pass through with more grate furnace burning disposal
When crossing advance sorting, complicated component, the life in China rubbish that calorific value is relatively low, moisture content is higher and excursion is larger, at burning
Manage effect unsatisfactory；3rd, the operating cost of incineration treatment method is also higher, strong not enough for current economic strength
It is difficult to receive for most of Chinese cities and towns.In addition, external grate furnace incineration technology is generally combustion-supporting using oil, run into
This is higher, it is necessary to the government subsidy of great number.
On the other hand, the discharge of the pernicious gas that people produce to burning disposal, especially dioxin is worried very much always.
The multiple event for opposing to build garbage burning factory has been broken out all over China.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being：One is, rubbish can be made to burn the nuisance in the gas produced through dying fire
Matter is reduced, and more disposable reach of the tail gas produced is burned through dying fire and marks discharge；Two are, heavy metal can be made solid in silt soil
Change, the residue after being burned through dying fire can fully achieve the recycling of rubbish as the mixing material for producing cement.
The technical scheme is that, comprise the following steps：(1) added in solid waste and be not less than 5% by solid waste weight
Silt soil；(2) mixture for obtaining step (1) dying fire under conditions of being not less than 800 degree is burned.
Further, the solid waste includes rubbish residue, sludge after house refuse, consumer waste incineration.
Further, the temperature that the dying fire is burned is 850~1100 degree.
Further, the silt soil is loess, laterite or/and black earth.
Further, oxidizer is added in the step (1).
Further, the dying fire is burned is carried out in vertical vessel.
Further, the vertical vessel is shaft kiln.
Further, in step (1), the mode of silt soil is added in solid waste two kinds：One kind is well mixed；It is another
Plant and added for layering, that is, add after one layer of solid waste, add one layer of silt soil, add one layer of solid waste again on powder soil layer, so
After repave one layer of silt soil, the like.
Further, when the solid waste in step (1) is house refuse, the ratio that silt soil is added in step (1) is made a living
The 30~100% of garbage weight living.
Further, when the rubbish residue or/and sludge after the solid waste in step (1) is consumer waste incineration, step
(1) also need to add oxidizer in, the ratio of the silt soil of addition is more than the 50% of solid waste weight.
Dioxin (DIOXIN, referred to as DXN) is Poly Chlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins, is slightly written as
PCDDs.And after a part of hydrogen atom in phenyl ring therein is substituted by a chlorine atom both, it is different according to the quantity of chlorine atom and position,
Have 75 kinds of materials, its Poisoning it is maximum for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo dioxin TCDDs (2,3,7,8-TCDDs),
In respect of 22 kinds.In addition, the dibenzofuran PCDFs produced together with PCDDs, has 135 kinds of materials.Generally by above-mentioned two classes material
Dioxin is referred to as, so dioxin is not a kind of material, but the general designation of up to 210 kinds materials (isomers).
Dioxin is in normal conditions solid-state, and fusing point is about 303~305 DEG C.The extremely difficult solution of dioxin is dissolved in water, in normal temperature
In the case of its solubility in water be only 7.2 × 10-6mg/L.And same in the case of normal temperature, its solubility in dichloro-benzenes
Up to 1400mg/L, this explanation dioxin dissolves readily in fat, so it is easily accumulated in vivo, and is difficult to be arranged
Go out.It is quite stable when dioxin is below 705 DEG C, is to start to decompose higher than this temperature.In addition, the vapour pressure of dioxin is very
It is low, in normal conditions less than 1.33 × 10-8Pa, so low vapour pressure illustrate dioxin be difficult at a temperature of general environment from
Volatilize on surface.This characteristic adds heat endurance and the low solubility in water, is the weight for determining dioxin whereabouts in the environment
Want characteristic.Therefore, the dioxin produced in waste incineration would generally enter air in the form of solid-state in the later stage with other dust
In, so as to pollute.
The species of soil is various, can be divided into rock, gravelly soil, sand, silt, cohesive soil and special soils (such as mud, peat,
Artificial earth fill etc.).The particle diameter of sand, silt and clay is the trend progressively reduced.
The granular mass that particle diameter is more than 0.075mm is no more than the 50% of gross mass, and plasticity index is equal to or less than 10
Soil should be named as silt.The soil that plasticity index is more than 10 should be named as cohesive soil.
Cohesive soil is divided into silty clay and clay according to plasticity index.Plasticity index is more than 10, and is less than or equal to 17
Soil, should be named as silty clay；The soil that plasticity index is more than 17 should be named as clay.
Signified silt soil of the invention includes silt and silty clay, refers to that particle diameter is more than 0.075mm granular mass not
More than the 50% of gross mass, and plasticity index IPSoil less than or equal to 17.It is wider than the scope of traditional silt.
Solid waste refers to the solid-state of the pollution environment produced in production and construction, daily life and other activities, half admittedly
State waste material.《People's Republic of China's prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid wastes method》(hereinafter referred to as《Solid waste method》) solid waste
It is divided into three major types：Industrial solid wastes, domestic waste and hazardous waste.In addition, also agricultural solid residue, building are useless
Material and roach.
The classification that described loess, black earth and laterite generally among the people are not carried out by soil structure, but simply basis
The division of soil color.It may be said that under the definition of silt soil, there is loess, black earth and laterite.
Silt is structurally characterized in that with honeycomb.Honeycomb is mainly to be made up of powder (0.075~0.005mm)
Native structure type.
Carry out illustrating the principle of the invention by taking loess as an example below, loess is also referred to as big loess, unstratified black earth loam sinks
Product thing, its granular size is between clay and fine sand, in light yellow or yellowish-brown, is distributed widely in North America, Europe and Asia,
Typically now think what is mainly deposited by wind, often to be calcareous and often containing shell, bone and the tooth of mammal and carbon
Sour lithite, sometimes also the ferruginous concretions containing oxidation and formed can a large amount of water storage high-quality soil, account for the Huang that earth surface accumulates 10%
Soil, rich in substantial amounts of ingredients calcium carbonate.Just because of these calcium carbonate, loess there has been the adhesion strength for being difficult to crush and water mixing becomes
The physical characteristic of clay.The mineralogical composition of loess has detrital mineral, clay mineral and the class of authigenic mineral 3.Detrital mineral is mainly
Quartz, feldspar and mica, account for the 80% of detrital mineral, next has pyroxene, hornblend, allochite, chlorite, magnetic iron ore etc.；This
Outside, carbonate mineral content is more in loess, mainly calcite.Clay mineral be mainly illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite,
Goethite, containing turgite etc..The chemical composition of loess is with SiO2Dominance, is secondly Al2O3, CaO, be again Fe2O3、MgO、
K2O、Na2O、FeO、TiO2With MnO etc., certainly, the content of the element of each in soil is not absolute, in different place samplings
When, its elementary analysis result can float in certain scope, but this does not influence it to be defined as silt, nor affect on its knot
Structure.It is particularly suitable for using the soil with honeycomb to be used to mix dying fire burning with solid waste in the present invention.
The silt soil used in the present invention should have relatively low moisture content.If moisture content is high, it can influence to burn effect,
And consume certain heat energy.One of skill in the art will understand that influence of the moisture content to burning effect, so as to choose conjunction
The silt soil of suitable moisture content dying fire together with solid waste is burned.
There is the factor of an optimization in the present invention, be exactly house refuse and addition side of the silt soil in incinerating container
Formula.According to the research of present inventor, best addition manner is that layering is added, that is, is added after one layer of house refuse, then add
Enter one layer of silt soil, add one layer of house refuse again on powder soil layer, then repave one layer of silt soil.Although house refuse with
It is feasible that silt soil, which is added after being pre-mixed in incinerating container, but is due to the size, hard of various articles in house refuse
Degree etc. is different, when substantially both are mixed, it is impossible to reach the effect of mixing.The present inventor's research finds to pass through on the contrary
It is layered the mode effect added preferable.
Heretofore described house refuse refers to the house refuse for not carrying out classification processing, according to the difference of its calorific value,
It can select to add oxidizer, so that the temperature that dying fire is burned reaches requirement, oxidizer can coal separation or the like.Whether using helping
Combustion things, those skilled in the art can be according to handled MSW heating value, and the powder soil's water content added is comprehensive
Close and consider.Sludge refers to the municipal sludge after dewater treatment, domestic sludge etc..
The present invention mixes rubbish with silt soil, and silt soil can be absorbed in the poisonous and harmful substance in rubbish, silt soil
Some compositions can at high temperature be chemically reacted with some of rubbish composition, on the one hand rubbish can be made to be burnt through dying fire
Harmful substance in the gas produced after burning is reduced, and makes tail gas more disposable to realizing qualified discharge；On the other hand, weight can be made
Metal solidifies in silt, leaches heavy metal seldom, and the residue after being burned through dying fire can be as the mixing material for producing cement.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows good to rubbish adaptability, domestic waste is not required to screen, sorted, to life rubbish
The adaptability of rubbish is very strong, and pollutant is few；Because with the addition of silt soil to burn together with rubbish, chlorion can be absorbed, chlorine is controlled
Source, greatly reduces the generation of the harmful substances such as bioxin；Efficient process bioxin, the temperature height (850-1100 that dying fire is burned
DEG C or so) , bioxin can be decomposed completely；Heavy metal is solidified, enter after the heavy metal burning in rubbish (or part is entered
Enter) in silt soil, crystalline solid is mixed with silt soil formation in stable compound state form, stabilization is realized；Rubbish burns through dying fire
Residue after burning can be used as producing the raw material of construction material (cement etc.), and recycling degree is high；Flameholding, incineration firing are thorough
The utilization rate that the heat produced is burned at bottom, rubbish dying fire can also be reclaimed up to more than 70%, used heat；Can save to greatest extent because
The soil for handling rubbish and taking.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention has many kinds, including but not limited to the present embodiment.
Solid waste in embodiment is mainly house refuse and sludge, and gangue is as oxidizer.Processing method is by solid waste
Mixed with the silt soil for being not less than garbage weight 5%, dying fire is burned under conditions of 800 degree (degree Celsius) is not less than.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of processing method of rubbish, house refuse and the ︰ 1 of loess 1；Dying fire is burned after layering is added.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of rubbish, the processing method of sludge, the ︰ 1 of 2 ︰ of Sheng work La Ji ︰ Huang Tu ︰ municipal sludges 1.Loess
After being first well mixed with sludge, then with rubbish layering add dying fire burn.
Leaching of Heavy Metals situation in residue：
The test data of the content of beary metal in residue after being burned through dying fire such as table 1；
The test data of Leaching of Heavy Metals content in residue after being burned through dying fire such as table 2.
Table 1 is mixed with loess burned through dying fire after all kinds of rubbish content of beary metal
The content of beary metal that can be leached in all kinds of rubbish after the dying fire of table 2 is burned
Contrasted from table 1 with table 2, in the residue after being burned by dying fire, all kinds of heavy metals can solidify, leach weight
Metal is less, and test result shows, its leaching content will not form pollution again well below national standard.
In Hunan, collection is used the loess used in the present embodiment, through x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, its content such as table 3：
The content of each element in the loess of table 3
The chemical composition of loess is with SiO2Dominance, is secondly Al2O3, CaO, be again Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、Na2O、
FeO、TiO2With MnO etc., certainly, the content of the element of each in soil is not absolute, in different place samplings, its element
Analysis result can float in certain scope.
The detection case of tail gas：
In the present embodiment, by 50kg loess and 50kg house refuses (i.e. 1：1) mixing is burned through dying fire, detects the tail produced
The data of gas such as table 4 below.
The flue gas monitoring data of table 4
| Monitoring index (unit) | Monitor value | Standard limited value |
| Flow (m3/h) | 1 | |
| Temperature (DEG C) | 26 | |
| Oxygen content (%) | 9.1 | |
| Dust concentration (mg/m3) | 98 | 30 (1h averages) |
| Sulfur dioxide SO2(mg/m3) | 1360 | 100 (1h averages) |
| Nitrogen oxides (mg/m3) | 323 | 300 (1h averages) |
| Cd+Tl(mg/m3) | 0.01568 | 0.1 (measure average) |
| Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni(mg/m3) | 0.74039 | 1.0 (measure averages) |
In the present embodiment, 50kg house refuses are mixed and burned through dying fire with 25kg loess, 25kg sludge, what detection was produced
Emission data such as table 5 below.
The flue gas monitoring data of table 5
| Monitoring index (unit) | Monitor value | Standard limited value |
| Flow (m3/h) | 1 | |
| Temperature (DEG C) | 56 | |
| Oxygen content (%) | 10.5 | |
| Dust concentration (mg/m3) | 371 | 30 (1h averages) |
| Sulfur dioxide SO2(mg/m3) | 136 | 100 (1h averages) |
| Nitrogen oxides (mg/m3) | 197 | 300 (1h averages) |
| Cd+Tl(mg/m3) | 0.01568 | 0.1 (measure average) |
| Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni(mg/m3) | 0.74039 | 1.0 (measure averages) |
The inspection that rubbish mixes the tail gas after being burned through dying fire with loess is can be seen that from the Test Data of Cigarette Smoke of table 4 and table 5
Survey is several to be closer to standard limited value, is illustrated that tail gas is more disposable, is realized qualified discharge.
The detection case of residue：
In the present embodiment, to being burned through dying fire after residue test, by the national standard of calcareous addition of volcano
Judge it if appropriate for the mixing material as production cement.
Product survey report after house refuse, loess are burned is shown in Table 6；
Product survey report after house refuse, loess, sludge incineration is shown in Table 7；
Added in house refuse, loess it is coal gangue burned after obtained product survey report be shown in Table 8.
The house refuse of table 6, loess incineration ashes survey report table
The house refuse of table 7, loess, sludge incineration product slag survey report table
As can be seen from the data in the table, the processing product that the waste disposal method that the present embodiment is provided is obtained is especially suitable for making
For the mixing material in cement material, not only each index is all qualified, and some projects meet blast furnace requirement (blast furnace mixing material
It is required that).
The present embodiment is further burned together to adding oxidizer gangue in house refuse, loess, and it is obtained after burning
To product survey report refer to table 8.
Likewise, as can be seen from Table 8,7 days, the activity index of 28 days and fluidity ratio, sulfur trioxide, chlorine from
Son, loss on ignition, stability meet test request, wherein 7 days activity indexs, fluidity ratio, chloride ion contents equally meet
Blast furnace requirement.So as to show that the product that the waste disposal method is obtained can be applied in construction material well.
The house refuse of table 8, loess, coal gangue burned product survey report table
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fixed-end forces method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) added in solid waste be not less than by solid waste weight 5% silt soil；The silt soil refers to that particle diameter is more than 0.075mm's
Granular mass is no more than the 50% of gross mass, and plasticity index IPSoil less than or equal to 17；
(2) mixture for obtaining step (1) dying fire under conditions of being not less than 800 degree is burned.
2. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the solid waste includes house refuse, house refuse
Rubbish residue, sludge after burning.
3. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the temperature that the dying fire is burned for 850~
1100 degree.
4. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the silt soil be loess, laterite or/and
Black earth.
5. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that oxidizer is added in the step (1).
6. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the dying fire burns to enter in vertical vessel
OK.
7. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the vertical vessel is shaft kiln.
8. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in step (1), powder is added in solid waste
The mode of soil has two kinds：One kind is well mixed；It is another to be added for layering, that is, add after one layer of solid waste, add one layer of powder
Grain soil, adds one layer of solid waste, then repaves one layer of silt soil again on powder soil layer, the like.
9. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that when the solid waste in step (1) is house refuse
When, the middle ratio for adding silt soil of step (1) is the 30~100% of life garbage weight.
10. fixed-end forces method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that when the solid waste in step (1) is life rubbish
Rubbish burn after rubbish residue or/and sludge when, also need in step (1) to add oxidizer, the ratio of the silt soil of addition is solid
More than the 50% of useless weight.
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| CN201510367011.8A CN104949128B (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2015-06-29 | A kind of fixed-end forces method |
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| CN2014104575563 | 2014-09-10 | ||
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| CN201410489536 | 2014-09-23 | ||
| CN201510367011.8A CN104949128B (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2015-06-29 | A kind of fixed-end forces method |
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| CN106765159A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆文渠环保科技有限公司 | A kind of industrial organic solid castoff burns the innoxious method for coexisting and putting with sludge high temperature |
| CN107973570B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2020-09-29 | 河北煤炭科学研究院 | Loess solid filling material and preparation and use method thereof |
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| JP3246509B1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-01-15 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Treatment facilities for hydrous sludge |
| CN100464121C (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2009-02-25 | 华南理工大学 | High-temperature air burning method for garbage and device therefor |
| CN101806458A (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-18 | 赵光荣 | Counter-combustion and smoldering garbage incineration technology |
| CN103307608A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | 陈雅华 | Burning waste incineration boiler for high-temperature burning interlayer |
| CN103697479A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-02 | 王惠生 | Economical, energy-saving and environment-friendly garbage treatment process |
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