CN104676595B - Method for lowering quantity and toxicity of flying ash of household garbage incineration plant - Google Patents
Method for lowering quantity and toxicity of flying ash of household garbage incineration plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN104676595B CN104676595B CN201510003910.XA CN201510003910A CN104676595B CN 104676595 B CN104676595 B CN 104676595B CN 201510003910 A CN201510003910 A CN 201510003910A CN 104676595 B CN104676595 B CN 104676595B
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Abstract
A method for lowering the quantity and toxicity of the flying ash of a household garbage incineration plant includes the steps of firstly, mixing cream-colored mud and existing flying ash of the household garbage incineration plant according to a certain proportion, smashing to reach a certain particle size, mixing with fine grinding media according a certain proportion, and performing fine grinding with a stirring ball mill; secondly, pressing the finely-ground flying ash and cream-colored mud into cylindrical samples under certain pressure; thirdly, during household garbage incineration, putting the samples into an incineration hearth at a certain speed, and fully utilizing the waste heat generated by the incineration to perform fast mullite reaction so as to allow generated substances containing mullite to settle to a slag system, to lower the flying ash quantity during the incineration to 40% of the original quantity, and to reduce heavy metal contents in the flying ash. The method has the advantages that the temperature of a household garbage incineration furnace is fully utilized, the method is simple in process, low in cost and free of pollution, subsequent flying ash processing cost and difficulty are lowered, and good economic and social benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process of solid waste is and in particular to a kind of reduce municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust poison
The method of property, belongs to environmental technology field.
Background technology
With sharply increasing of China's house refuse amoun, Consideration of MSW Incineration Technology has obtained tremendous development in China, cuts
Only 2013, the burning amount of China's house refuse reached more than the 23% of house refuse total amount.Life rubbish is being greatly lowered
While rubbish quality and capacity, burn the flying dust also having produced less than waste incineration amount 5% about, and contain due in flying dust
The toxic heavy metal elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, As, according to statistics, in rubbish, the Sb of about 33% Pb, 92% Cd and 45% moves
Move on in flying dust, flying dust also contains the extremely toxic substances such as part two English simultaneously, hence in so that flying dust classifies as dangerous giving up in China
802-002-18 in thing HW18 incineration disposal residue, needs entrance danger waste landfill site to be disposed.
Before entering landfill yard, flying dust is typically pre-processed by curing/stabilizing technology and high-temperature process etc., and the former wraps
Include cement solidification, bitumen solidification, chemical agent stabilisation etc., the latter includes sintering and melting/vitrifying etc..Curing process process
It is a kind of stabilization method changing flying dust engineering characteristic using the material with gelatification, be most commonly that cement-based material
Curing, is characterized in that process equipment is simple and convenient to operate, material source is wide, low cost, cured product intensity are high, but with
When curing/stabilizing at comprehend and so that ultimate waste disposal volume is increased, such as the volume of general cured product is given up than before processing
The volume of thing increases by 0.5～1 times, and the mechanical strength of cured product is poor, and the firming body after solidification/stable is in external force or not
May crushing in suitable processing procedure, thus leading to Leaching of Heavy Metals, potential hazard being caused to environment；Additionally, solidification/steady
Although surely changing technology can be by heavy metal stable curing within the regular hour, it can not eliminate the pollution of dioxin.Melting
Separating is that flying dust is heated to melt temperature (1200～1400 DEG C), and after melting, lower boiling heavy metal and salt will be evaporated to gas
Phase, is collected by exhaust dust-precipitating system, and because of density greatly, a part sinks to the bottom of smelting furnace and separates and recovers the heavy metal of difficult volatilization class
Using；Another part then residues in slag.Simple fusing fly ash technology has certain volume reduction solidification effect, but due to glass
The hardness of glass state material, hot property etc. are poor, limit its application in fields such as construction materials, therefore can typically be only used to road
Sill, the mixing material of cement concrete or be fed again into landfill yard landfill, its added value is relatively low.Can produce in melting process
A small amount of high concentration melts converter fly ash (concentration of itself Cd and Pb is 5-10 times before melting), and the expense of fusing fly ash is also very high.
Generally speaking, above-mentioned processing method is required for additionally adding medicament and it needs to by increasing temperature outward etc. reason mode,
Competitiveness is not had on financial cost, in burning process, therefore how to reduce the yield of incineration plant flying dust, or change winged
The grey component of itself, reduces its content of beary metal, becomes an important key point of incineration process of domestic garbage control.
Content of the invention
Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of reduce municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and
The method of flying dust toxicity so that the quantum of output of incineration plant flying dust is reduced to the 40% about of the quantum of output of original processing method, and
Reduce the content of beary metal in flying dust, reduce toxicity.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity, it comprises the following steps：
Step one, with cream-coloured mud and existing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust as raw material, is crushed to certain particle size, according to one
Certainty ratio is mixed, then is mixed with grinding media and water with certain proportioning, carries out fine grinding with agitating ball mill；
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical sample under a certain pressure with cream-coloured mud；
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace,
Make full use of and burn the waste heat producing, carry out quick mullite reaction, make the material containing mullite of generation be deposited to slag system
System, finally makes the flying dust amount of burning process be reduced to the 40% of original situation, and reduces the content of beary metal producing in flying dust.
Further, in described step one, described flying dust is flying dust produced by the normal burning of house refuse；Described
Cream-coloured mud be a kind of potter's clay of ecru, its main mineralogical composition is quartz, illite and kaolinite.
Further, in described step one, the described certain particle size that is crushed to refers to, by the mixing of flying dust and cream-coloured mud
Thing is crushed to 0.1-1mm granularity.
Further, in described step one, flying dust with the mass mixing ratio of cream-coloured mud is, flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=40-
60:60-40.
Further, in described step one, the mixture of grinding media and flying dust and cream-coloured mud and the quality proportioning of water
Scope is：Grinding media：Mixed flying dust and cream-coloured mud：Water=5～8:0.5～2:1.
Further, in described step one, in material after fine grinding, the quality accounting of the particle of granularity≤100 μm is
More than 50%.
Further, in described step one, described grinding media is corundum bead.
Further, in described step 2, the pressure limit suppressing described sample is 20-100MPa.
Further, in described step 3, described is put into the sample being obtained in burning burner hearth by given pace
Refer to, the 0.5% of the input amount≤garbage treatment quantity of described sample, be advisable with not affecting fire box temperature.
The present invention makes full use of flying dust and the characteristic of cream-coloured mud, CaO, SiO of high-load in flying dust component2、Al2O3And
A small amount of metal oxide such as Fe, Mg, K, Na has good facilitation to mullite reaction, and the main mineral of cream-coloured mud become
It is divided into quartzy (SiO2), illite (K (Al, Fe, Mg) (Si, Al)4O10(OH)2) and kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4), because containing
Kaolinite and illite and there is stronger plasticity, plasticity index>7, belong to medium plastic material, its addition can be very big
Improve to degree the plasticity of dispensing.Following decomposition and oxidation stage and change will be there is within the scope of different temperature in both
Learn synthetic reaction, wherein 300 DEG C-(850～900 DEG C) in the range of, there is following reaction：
Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O (kaolinite) → Al2O3·2SiO2(metakaolinite)+2H2O (500～600 DEG C) .... (1)
MgCO3→MgO+CO2↑ (500～860 DEG C) (2)
MgCO3·CaCO3→MgO+CaO+CO2↑ (730～950 DEG C) (3)
CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑ (more than 825 DEG C) (4)
4FeCO3→2Fe2O3+3CO2↑ (800 DEG C～1,000 DEG C) (5)
MgCO3→MgO+SO3↑ (more than 900 DEG C) (6)
And between 850～900 DEG C, then the following combination reaction of main generation, oxidation and decomposition reaction, along with chemical combination
The new crystalline phase that carries out of reaction occurs and vitrification phenomenon, continues to raise with temperature, Al-Si spinelle is converted into and does not come
Stone.Main chemical reactions are as follows：
2(Al2O3·2SiO2)→2Al2O3·3SiO2(sial spinelle)+SiO2(7)
2Al2O3·3SiO2→2(Al2O3·SiO2) (mullite of transition)+SiO2(cristobalite) (8)
3Al2O3+2SiO2→3Al2O3·2SiO2(mullite) (9)
3(Al2O3·SiO2)→3Al2O3·2SiO2(mullite)+SiO2(cristobalite) (10)
Al in flying dust2O3With SiO2At high temperature, they can occur combination reaction to form mullite (3Al2O3·
2SiO2), with the remaining SiO not melted2Constitute the skeleton of porcelain base, make product have higher mechanical strength.Additionally, part SiO2Molten
Enter among liquid phase, liquid phase viscosity also can be made to raise, increase the ability of product resistance to deformation；Al2O3Fuse into liquid phase and also can improve system
The physical property of product, what it can also expand base substrate burns till interval.
Content in flying dust for the CaO is up to 35.8%, and its existence form is mainly CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、CaSO4And it is few
The CaO of amount.CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、CaSO4Generation CaO can be decomposed more than 500 DEG C, CaO can be with sintering process
SiO2Reaction generates the very big Ca of intensity3Si2O7Or CaSiO4, thus strengthening the compression strength of product.In addition it is present in flying dust
CaCl2And the Ca in other salt2+Or network improvement ion, it can destroy firm Si O and Al O key, and finally
Form stable, high-strength silicate or calcium aluminium silicate, thus reducing the sintering temperature of product.
Fe in flying dust2O3Play a part to reduce fusing point in burning till, it can reduce product occurs in sintering process
The temperature of liquid, makes particle just closely be bonded together at a lower temperature, improves and burns till the mechanical strong of product under low temperature
Degree.
MgO can react formation enstatite (MgSiO with cristobalite3), thus promoting the formation of mullite, a large amount of MgSiO3
Formation can also improve the mechanical strength of product.But Mg is primarily present in MgCl in flying dust2And in silicate, burn in pottery
The mainly Mg playing a role during knot2+, it and Ca2+Similar is also a kind of network activating ion, can destroy Si O key,
Ultimately form the silicate of Mg.The addition of therefore flying dust not only will not change the outward appearance of product because introducing a small amount of MgO, on the contrary
Can help reduce the sintering temperature of product.
Na, K in flying dust mainly presented in NaCl, KCl and feldspar, they be the alkali metal that enlivens very much from
Son, the Si that can replace in sintering process in Cristobalitkristall forms glass phase, thus reducing the formation temperature of mullite.
Compared with prior art, the present invention using be that the incinerator burner hearth temperature of itself realizes flying dust again
Melting, is reacted by the mullite of flying dust and cream-coloured mud, realizes the sedimentation of flying dust detoxification, the fixation of heavy metal and flying dust, thus
Reach the requirement of flying dust decrement and toxicity reduction.
Advantages of the present invention mainly has:
(1) raw material that the present invention utilizes is the flying dust of municipal solid waste incinerator, belongs to hazardous waste, intractable to these
Solid waste recycle the ecological environment not only substantially improving incineration plant, also reclaim make use of useful component therein,
Turn waste into wealth, have good environmental benefit and social benefit.
(2) present invention passes through to add cream-coloured mud, is allowed to reaction in incinerator burner hearth and generates mullite reaction, makes full use of
Incineration plant fire box temperature, compared with traditional mullite production technology, greatly reduces mullite and reacts temperature required, this technique
Flow process is simple, is easily controlled, and equipment is simple, and operating cost is few.
(3) technique of the present invention is insensitive to the change of raw material, more wide in range to flying dust and cream-coloured mud ratio requirement, absolutely greatly
The flying dust of part incineration plant can be processed.
(4) in the mullite course of reaction that the present invention generates, it will the heavy metal of trapping rubbish process volatilization, thus effectively
Decrease the flying dust amount being subsequently generated.
Chinese patent with Publication No. CN 1259525 C《The cyclone furnace high-temperature fusion process side of incineration of refuse flyash
Method》Compare, the present invention makes full use of incineration plant incinerator itself and its burns the heat discharging it is not necessary to additionally arrange whirlwind
Stove, employs cream-coloured mud and is reacted, low cost, and absorption plant is few, can effectively realize certainly following of on-site pollutant process
Ring, more efficient energy-saving.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 generates the reacted XRD of mullite for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the DTA-TGA collection of illustrative plates (not filling flying dust) of incineration plant flying dust.
Fig. 4 is the DTA-TGA collection of illustrative plates of 50% flying dust addition.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is applied to the minimizing to garbage burning factory flying dust, using the high temperature action of rubbish burner hearth, by flying dust with
There is mullite reaction in cream-coloured mud, thus reducing the flying dust amount of unit mass waste incineration generation, reducing heavy metal in flying dust and containing
Amount, has efficiency high, low cost and other advantages, thus improve economic benefit and social benefit.
Refer to Fig. 1, the method for the invention comprises the following steps:
Step one, with the flying dust of cream-coloured mud and existing municipal solid waste incinerator as raw material, according to flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=
40-60:The quality proportioning of 60-40 is mixed, and is crushed to 0.1-1mm granularity, according still further to grinding media：Mixed flying dust and
Cream-coloured mud:Water quality is than for 5～8:0.5～2:1 mixing, carries out fine grinding with agitating ball mill, in material after fine grinding, granularity≤
The quality accounting of 100 μm of particle is more than 50%；
Described flying dust is flying dust produced by the normal burning of house refuse；Described cream-coloured mud is a kind of pottery of ecru
Soil, its main mineralogical composition is quartzy (SiO2), illite (K (Al, Fe, Mg) (Si, Al)4O10(OH)2) and kaolinite
(Al2Si2O5(OH)4)；Described grinding media is corundum bead.
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical examination under the pressure for 20-100MPa for the scope with cream-coloured mud
Sample；
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace,
The 0.5% of the input amount≤garbage treatment quantity of described sample, is advisable with not affecting fire box temperature；Make full use of and burn the remaining of generation
Heat, carries out quick mullite reaction, makes the material containing mullite of generation be deposited to slag system, finally makes flying of burning process
Ash quantity is reduced to the 40% of original situation, and reduces the content of beary metal producing in flying dust.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Before following embodiments are the technical scheme is that
Carry, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments,
For persons skilled in the art, that is done under the premise of without departing substantially from technical solution of the present invention any obviously changes
Dynamic, broadly fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Step one, with cream-coloured mud and flying dust produced by the normal burning of certain municipal solid waste incinerator as raw material, this cream-coloured mud
For a kind of potter's clay of ecru, its main mineralogical composition is quartzy (SiO2), illite (K (Al, Fe, Mg) (Si, Al)4O10
(OH)2) and kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4).
According to flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=40:60 quality proportioning is mixed, and is crushed to 0.1mm granularity.
Again with grinding media:Flying dust and the mixture of cream-coloured mud:Water=5:0.5:Three is mixed by 1 quality proportioning, uses
Agitating ball mill carries out fine grinding, and this grinding media is corundum bead.In material after fine grinding, the matter of the particle of granularity≤100 μm
Amount accounting is 50%.
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical sample with cream-coloured mud under the pressure of 20MPa.
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace,
The input amount of described sample is the 0.5% of garbage treatment quantity, is advisable with not affecting fire box temperature.
Make full use of and burn the waste heat producing, carry out quick mullite reaction, so that the material containing mullite of generation is settled
To slag system, finally make the flying dust amount of burning process be reduced to the 40% of original situation, and reduce the huge sum of money producing in flying dust
Belong to content.
Embodiment 2
Step one, with cream-coloured mud and flying dust produced by the normal burning of certain municipal solid waste incinerator as raw material, this cream-coloured mud
Main mineral constituent be quartz, illite and kaolinite.
According to flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=50:50 quality proportioning is mixed, and is crushed to 0.5mm granularity.
Again with corundum bead as grinding media, with grinding media:Flying dust and the mixture of cream-coloured mud:Water=6.5:1.2:
Three is mixed by 1 quality proportioning, carries out fine grinding with agitating ball mill；In material after fine grinding, the matter of the particle of granularity≤100 μm
Amount accounting is 60%.
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical sample with cream-coloured mud under the pressure for 60MPa for the scope.
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace,
The input amount of described sample is the 0.4% of garbage treatment quantity, is advisable with not affecting fire box temperature.
Make full use of and burn the waste heat producing, carry out quick mullite reaction, so that the material containing mullite of generation is settled
To slag system, finally make the flying dust amount of burning process be reduced to the 30% of original situation, and reduce the huge sum of money producing in flying dust
Belong to content.
Embodiment 3
Step one, with cream-coloured mud and flying dust produced by the normal burning of certain municipal solid waste incinerator as raw material, this cream-coloured mud
For a kind of potter's clay of ecru, its main mineralogical composition is quartz, illite and kaolinite.
According to flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=60:40 quality proportioning is mixed, and is crushed to 1mm granularity.
Again with corundum bead as grinding media, with grinding media:Flying dust and the mixture of cream-coloured mud:Water=8:2:1
Three is mixed by quality proportioning with grinding media, carries out fine grinding with agitating ball mill.In material after fine grinding, granularity≤100 μm
The quality accounting of grain is 70%.
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical sample with cream-coloured mud under the pressure for 100MPa for the scope.
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace,
The input amount of described sample is the 0.3% of garbage treatment quantity, is advisable with not affecting fire box temperature.
Make full use of and burn the waste heat producing, carry out quick mullite reaction, so that the material containing mullite of generation is settled
To slag system, finally make the flying dust amount of burning process be reduced to the 20% of original situation, and reduce the huge sum of money producing in flying dust
Belong to content.
Embodiment 4
With certain Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant flying dust as raw material, its chemical composition such as table 1, the chemical analysis of cream-coloured stone is shown in Table
2.Add different flying dust amounts, compaction of the material adds water stirring after grinding in mixer, amount of water should be maintained at 5～8%
Left and right, then under suitable temperature, humidity environment quiet stop one to two angel its ageing.Material after ageing is after sieve, purpose
It is to promote the homogenizing of material and the formation of micelle.It is aged the blank after sieving, pressure forming is carried out on forming machine, drying is burnt till
The TGA figure of the mullite process of product, wherein generation is shown in Fig. 3 and 4.
The main chemical compositions (%) of table 1 garbage flying ash
The main chemical compositions of the cream-coloured mud of table 2
(1) reaction temperature
By comparing, flying dust addition content is 50% and 0% two kind of situation is it can be seen that after interpolation flying dust, mullite most preferably burns
Become interval and can be reduced to 850-956 DEG C afterwards from 1127 DEG C started.
(2) the Leaching difference before and after flying dust generates：
The horizontal leaching test result of table 3 garbage flying ash heavy metal (mg/L)
* limit represents that measurement result is exceeded
The effective leaching test result of table 4 garbage flying ash heavy metal (mg/Kg)
* represent that measurement result is exceeded
(3) flying dust amount
Before being provided without the technology of the present invention, flying dust amount is about into the 3.1% of stove rubbish, and after adopting the present invention, flying dust
Measuring is into the 1.87% of stove rubbish, and flying dust amount reduces about 40%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step one, with cream-coloured mud and existing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust as raw material, is crushed to certain particle size, according to certain than
Example is mixed, then is mixed with grinding media and water with certain proportioning, carries out fine grinding with agitating ball mill；
Step 2, will be levigate after flying dust be pressed into cylindrical sample under a certain pressure with cream-coloured mud；
Step 3, in the burning process of house refuse, the sample being obtained is put in burning burner hearth by given pace, fully
Using burning the waste heat producing, carry out quick mullite reaction, make the material containing mullite of generation be deposited to slag system,
The flying dust amount making burning process eventually is reduced to the 40% of original situation, and reduces the content of beary metal producing in flying dust.
2. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, described flying dust is flying dust produced by the normal burning of house refuse；Described cream-coloured mud is a kind of rice
The potter's clay of yellow, its main mineralogical composition is quartz, illite and kaolinite.
3. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, the described certain particle size that is crushed to refers to, the mixture of flying dust and cream-coloured mud is crushed to 0.1-1mm grain
Degree.
4. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, flying dust with the mass mixing ratio of cream-coloured mud is, flying dust：Cream-coloured mud=40-60:60-40.
5. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, grinding media and flying dust and the cream-coloured mixture of mud with the quality proportioning scope of water are：Grinding media：Mixed
Flying dust after conjunction and cream-coloured mud：Water=5～8:0.5～2:1.
6. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, in material after fine grinding, the quality accounting of the particle of granularity≤100 μm is more than 50%.
7. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step one, described grinding media is corundum bead.
8. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step 2, the pressure limit suppressing described sample is 20-100MPa.
9. the method reducing municipal solid waste incinerator flying dust amount and flying dust toxicity according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
In described step 3, described put in burning burner hearth the sample being obtained by given pace refers to, the throwing of described sample
Enter the 0.5% of amount≤garbage treatment quantity, be advisable with not affecting fire box temperature.
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| CN101890424A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-11-24 | 重庆瑞帆再生资源开发有限公司 | Method for harmlessly treating trash flying ash by adopting trash-burning process |
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