CN104946536B - 等鞭金藻的培养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
等鞭金藻的培养方法,所述方法包括向培养体系中添加浓度为412~1372mmol/L的甘油的步骤。培养体系中加入终浓度为412~1372mmol/L的甘油,培养至生长平衡期收获藻细胞,则藻细胞蛋白质的含量和产量最高分别达到细胞干重的32%和0.56g干重/L,分别比对照组提高61.9%和86.7%。本方法简单易行,为等鞭金藻细胞内高价值蛋白质的生产提供了新的方法,同时为生物柴油副产物甘油的利用提供了新的可能途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海洋生物技术领域,具体涉及海洋单细胞微藻等鞭金藻的培养方法。
背景技术
湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis),系金藻门,定鞭金藻纲,等鞭藻目,等鞭藻科,等鞭藻属。作为一种常见的单细胞海洋微藻,其生长速率快、光合利用效率高,富含蛋白质、多糖、油脂、多不饱和脂肪酸等营养成分,是一种经济价值较高的微藻。其细胞内活性蛋白和活性多糖在生物医药、食品保健等方面有很好的应用价值。
此外,海洋微藻中的高油脂含量也使其成为生产新型生物柴油的潜在原料之一,利用海洋微藻生产生物柴油,不仅可克服石油资源不可再生的缺点,而且能够减少CO2的排放,净化废气和污水。在培养微藻制取生物柴油的过程中,通过添加营养及优化培养条件获得目标产物——生物柴油的同时,可获得藻细胞中的其他高附加值的代谢产物。
另一方面尚需解决的问题是,在利用微藻细胞内的油脂生产生物柴油的过程中,会产生大量的副产物甘油,对生物柴油副产物甘油的利用研究有助于避免资源浪费,降低微藻培养及生物柴油生产的成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种等鞭金藻的培养方法,所述方法包括向培养体系中添加浓度为412~1372mmol/L的甘油的步骤。
使用本发明的上述方法进行等鞭金藻培养,具有以下显著特点:
①蛋白质含量明显高:本发明所得到的藻细胞蛋白质含量显著提高,藻细胞蛋白质的含量和产量最高分别达到细胞干重的32%和0.56g干重/L,分别比对照组提高60%和86%,为利用等鞭金藻生产高价值蛋白质提供了一种新的培养方法。
②培养体系中甘油浓度较高,以甘油作为有机碳源培养等鞭金藻,在明显提高藻细胞蛋白质含量的同时,也为生物柴油副产物甘油的实际利用提供了一种新途径。
③利用生物柴油副产物甘油培养等鞭金藻不仅能提高细胞内蛋白质的含量和产量,还能提高细胞内的油脂和脂肪酸含量,从而降低等鞭金藻的培养成本和生物柴油的生产成本,提高等鞭金藻的整体利用价值。
附图说明
本发明附图2幅:
图1是等鞭金藻生长曲线;
图2是蛋白质溶液标准曲线。
具体实施方式
无特殊说明,本发明所述的等鞭金藻藻种是从大连附近海域分离筛选出的野生型湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis),现保藏于中国科学院淡水藻种库,藻种编号为FACHB-1750。藻液来自该等鞭金藻的培养液。
本发明中,采用考马斯亮蓝比色法(Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(1-2):248-254.Hydrobiologia,1981,78(3):237-251.)测定蛋白质含量,并计算其产量。
本发明所述的等鞭金藻的培养方法主要特征在于包括向培养体系中添加浓度为412~1372mmol/L的甘油的步骤。其中,所添加的甘油浓度优选686~1372mmol/L,尤其优选686mmol/L。
具体实施方式之一,上述本发明的方法中,所述的甘油于培养第3±1天添加至培养体系。
另一具体实施方式中,所述的方法使用的培养基为3×F/2培养基,通过如下方法制备:
(1)母液制备:
氮源母液:称取75g NaNO3溶于1L去离子水;
磷源母液:称取5g NaH2PO4·H2O溶于1L去离子水;
金属元素母液:分别称取3.15g FeCl3·6H2O,4.36g Na2EDTA,0.0098g CuSO4·5H2O,0.0063g Na2MoO4·2H2O,0.022g ZnSO4·7H2O,0.01g CoCl2·6H2O,0.18g MnCl2·4H2O溶于1L去离子水;
维生素母液:0.001g vitamin B12,0.2g vitamin B1,0.001g D-生物素,溶于1L去离子水;
(2)配制3×F/2培养基:基础海水中添加上述氮源母液3ml/L、磷源母液3ml/L、金属元素母液3ml/L及维生素母液1.5ml/L,均匀混合。
其中,所述的基础海水优选天然海水经臭氧杀菌,两层0.45μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,110℃灭菌15min,冷却后所得。
再一具体的实施方式中,所述等鞭金藻的培养方法中,优选在指数生长期,每24小时向培养体系中添加75mg/L硝酸钠。
更为具体的实施方式中,所述等鞭金藻的培养方法中,培养条件包括:培养温度23~27℃,光强110~150μmol/m2·s,光暗比为14h:10h,以通气速率0.1~0.3vvm通入含4.0%CO2的空气。
最为具体地,本发明所述的等鞭金藻的培养方法是将指数生长期的等鞭金藻按3×106cells/mL的密度接种于灭菌的3×F/2培养基;培养至第3±1天,向培养体系中加入浓度为686~1372mmol/L的甘油;并于指数生长期,每24小时向培养体系中添加75mg/L硝酸钠;全培养过程设置培养条件为:培养温度23~27℃,光强110~150μmol/m2·s,光暗比为14h:10h,以通气速率0.1~0.3vvm通入含4.0%CO2的空气;培养至平衡期收获藻细胞;
其中,3×F/2培养基通过如下方法制备:
a.母液制备:
氮源母液:称取75g NaNO3溶于1L去离子水;
磷源母液:称取5g NaH2PO4·H2O溶于1L去离子水;
金属元素母液:分别称取3.15g FeCl3·6H2O,4.36g Na2EDTA,0.0098g CuSO4·5H2O,0.0063g Na2MoO4·2H2O,0.022g ZnSO4·7H2O,0.01g CoCl2·6H2O,0.18g MnCl2·4H2O溶于1L去离子水;
维生素母液:0.001g vitamin B12,0.2g vitamin B1,0.001g D-生物素,溶于1L去离子水;
b.配制3×F/2培养基:天然海水经臭氧杀菌,两层0.45μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,110℃灭菌15min,冷却后得基础海水,向其中添加上述氮源母液3ml/L、磷源母液3ml/L、金属元素母液3ml/L及维生素母液1.5ml/L,均匀混合制得3×F/2培养基。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明,这些实施例不应当被理解为对本发明内容任何形式的限制。
实施例1:培养过程生长周期的确定
每天用Jasco V-530 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer(JASCO,Tokyo,Japan)测定等鞭金藻的细胞密度。在680nm处测定培养液中的等鞭金藻细胞的光密度,利用公式“细胞密度(×107cells/mL)=(OD680×1250-90.125)×稀释倍数”计算出对应的细胞密度。绘制生长曲线,以判定细胞生长的生长周期。不同甘油浓度时,等鞭金藻细胞的生长曲线见图1。由图可见,等鞭金藻培养至2天时进入快速的指数生长期,培养至7天时进入平衡期。
实施例2:营养盐及培养基配制
F/2营养盐母液配制:
Ⅰ.氮源母液:称取75g NaNO3溶于1L去离子水;
Ⅱ.磷源母液:称取5g NaH2PO4·H2O溶于1L去离子水;
Ⅲ.金属元素母液:分别称取3.15g FeCl3·6H2O,4.36g Na2EDTA,0.0098gCuSO4·5H2O,0.0063g Na2MoO4·2H2O,0.022g ZnSO4·7H2O,0.01g CoCl2·6H2O,0.18gMnCl2·4H2O溶于1L去离子水;
Ⅳ.维生素母液:0.001g vitamin B12,0.2g vitamin B1,0.001g D-生物素,溶于1L去离子水;
1×F/2培养基的制备:
天然海水经臭氧杀菌,两层0.45μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,110℃灭菌15min,冷却后备用;向海水中添加上述氮源母液1ml/L、磷源母液1ml/L、金属元素母液1ml/L及维生素母液0.5ml/L,制得1×F/2培养基。
3×F/2培养基的制备:
天然海水经臭氧杀菌,两层0.45μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,110℃灭菌15min,冷却后备用;向海水中添加上述氮源母液3ml/L、磷源母液3ml/L、金属元素母液3ml/L及维生素母液1.5ml/L,制得3×F/2培养基。
Ⅴ.甘油母液:分析纯甘油与经0.45μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤的天然海水以体积比1:1混匀,121℃灭菌20min后冷却,常温保存。
实施例3:等鞭金藻的培养
采用实施例2中的F/2培养基,将光密度OD680为0.1~0.2的等鞭金藻藻液1.5~2.0L接种于3L三角瓶中,以日光灯做光源,光强为30~40μmol/m2·s,培养2~6天至指数生长期;离心(3000~4000rpm,3~5min),收获藻细胞,弃上清液,在沉淀中添加约3~5mL灭菌的海水,使之重新悬浮后,接种于容积为600mL的管式鼓泡反应器中,使藻液体积为500mL,藻细胞光密度OD680为0.28~0.32,添加的氮源、磷源、金属元素、微量元素分别是实施例2所述的3×F/2培养基。培养温度23~27℃,光强110~150μmol/m2·s,光暗比为14h:10h,光照阶段通入含4.0%CO2的空气,通气速率0.16~0.24vvm,培养至7天进入平衡期时,离心(4000rpm,5min),弃上清液,沉淀用0.5mol/L的碳酸氢铵洗两遍,60℃烘至恒重,冷冻备用,用于测定金藻蛋白质含量并计算其产量。其中,
蛋白质含量(%干重)=a×b×c/d,式中:
a:蛋白质浓度(g/L)
b:稀释倍数;
c:样品定容体积(mL);
d:藻泥干重(mg)×100%;
蛋白质产量(g干重/L)=蛋白质含量×藻干重(g/L)。
蛋白质溶液标准曲线见附图2。
实施例4:补氮培养
在实施例3等鞭金藻培养过程中,从培养第3天(指数生长期)起每天向500mL培养液中补加0.5mL实施例2中所述氮源母液。
实施例5:添加甘油
添加甘油的浓度:在实施例3的培养体系中,在培养第3天时分别加入3mL、8mL、15mL、30mL、50mL、75mL、100mL实施例2中所述的甘油母液,对应培养体系甘油的最终浓度分别为41mmol/L、110mmol/L,206mmol/L、412mmol/L、686mmol/L、1030mmol/L、1372mmol/L。
对照组(0mmol/L):未添加甘油的实施例3中的培养体系。
实施例6:利用不同浓度甘油培养等鞭金藻
按照实施例3、实施例4和实施例5的操作培养等鞭金藻
添加甘油培养体系的藻细胞蛋白质含量和产量见附表1。其中甘油浓度为412mmol/L~1372mmol/L的各培养体系中,藻细胞干重随甘油浓度增加明显下降;蛋白质含量和产量先随甘油浓度明显增加,当甘油浓度超过1030mmol/L时,基本恒定不变。当甘油浓度为686mmol/L时,蛋白质含量和产量均达到最高值,分别为32%和0.56干重g/L,比对照组的蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量分别提高61.9%和86.7%。甘油浓度从686mmol/L增加到1372mmol/L时,等鞭金藻蛋白质含量和产量略有下降,但仍明显高于对照组。因此,在氮含量丰富的培养体系中,当等鞭金藻进入指数生长期时加入高浓度的甘油能明显提高等鞭金藻细胞的蛋白质含量和产量。
附表1.添加不同浓度甘油条件下等鞭金藻生物量、蛋白质含量及产量
Claims (1)
1.等鞭金藻的培养方法,其特征在于,是将指数生长期的等鞭金藻按3×106 cells/mL的密度接种于灭菌的3×F/2培养基;培养至第3±1天,向培养体系中加入浓度为686~1372mmol/L的甘油;并于指数生长期,每24小时向培养体系中添加75 mg/L硝酸钠;全培养过程设置培养条件为:培养温度23~27 ℃,光强110~150 μmol/m2·s,光暗比为14 h:10 h,以通气速率0.1~0.3 vvm通入含4.0% CO2的空气;培养至平衡期收获藻细胞;
其中,3×F/2培养基通过如下方法制备:
a. 母液制备:
氮源母液:称取75 g NaNO3溶于1 L去离子水;
磷源母液:称取5 g NaH2PO4·H2O溶于1 L去离子水;
金属元素母液:分别称取3.15 g FeCl3·6H2O, 4.36 g Na2EDTA, 0.0098 g CuSO4·5H2O, 0.0063 g Na2MoO4·2H2O, 0.022 g ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.01 g CoCl2·6H2O, 0.18 gMnCl2·4H2O溶于1L去离子水;
维生素母液:0.001 g vitamin B12,0.2 g vitamin B1,0.001 g D-生物素,溶于1 L去离子水;
b. 配制3×F/2培养基:天然海水经臭氧杀菌,两层0.45 μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,110 ℃灭菌15 min,冷却后得基础海水,向其中添加上述氮源母液3 mL/L、磷源母液3 mL/L、金属元素母液3 mL/L及维生素母液1.5 mL/L,均匀混合制得3×F/2培养基。
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