CN104942298A - 一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104942298A
CN104942298A CN201510272124.XA CN201510272124A CN104942298A CN 104942298 A CN104942298 A CN 104942298A CN 201510272124 A CN201510272124 A CN 201510272124A CN 104942298 A CN104942298 A CN 104942298A
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powder
tungsten carbide
stud
density
cemented carbide
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罗达成
林小兵
林顺
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Zigong Xinwu Composite Material Co Ltd
SHANGHAI HIGHER INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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Zigong Xinwu Composite Material Co Ltd
SHANGHAI HIGHER INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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Publication of CN104942298A publication Critical patent/CN104942298A/zh
Priority to US15/164,804 priority patent/US20160347669A1/en
Priority to US15/283,283 priority patent/US9765573B2/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉及其制造方法，特点是，该球齿或柱钉由工作部位和非工作部位组成，工作部位为碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍的硬质合金材料按重量百分比组成，非工作部位为碳化钛粉、碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍粉低密度类硬质合金类材料按重量百分比组成，压制时，先后称量工作部位用的硬质合金材料和非工作部位用的低密度硬质合金材料，先后加入钢模中，压制成型放入炉内烧结，获得非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球柱或齿钉。优点是：与现有的非均匀成分组织硬质合金球柱或齿钉相比，本发明的非工作部位占整体产品体积大部分，密度低，用料量少，可大幅度降低产品原料成本，达到大幅度提高产品性价比目的。

Description

一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用非均匀组织复合硬质合金制造球柱或齿钉的方法。
背景技术
硬质合金球齿或柱钉是一类广泛用于潜孔锤钻头、牙轮钻头、钎头和大直径滚刀钻头以及矿石粉沫破碎领域的产品。其使用特点是：一端为镶、粘或焊在钢料裤体孔内，起紧固作用的非工作部位，另一端为露出裤体外，承担作业任务的工作部位。传统的硬质合金球柱或齿钉材料成分组织均匀分布，主要由钨WC或碳化钨TiC材料的硬质相和钴Co或镍Ni材料的粘接相组成。这种均匀成分组织的硬质合金球柱或齿钉产品材料成本高，性价比低。为了提高产品性价比，可将其均匀分布的成分组织改变为非均匀分布的成分组织，在保证产品性能前提下，达到提高产品性价比的目的。目前，国内硬质合金生产领域，硬质合金球齿或柱钉类产品也有非均匀分布的成分组织结构，如在一篇申请专利《矿用纳米稀土表面强化梯度硬质合金复合球齿及其制备方法》的文献中，公开了一种硬质合金复合球齿，表层、过渡层和芯部的成分组织采用非均匀分布形式，从而达到同时提高韧性和耐磨性的目的。而另一篇专利号为CN102699330A《一种硬质合金辊面柱钉的制备方法》的专利文献，公开了一种硬质合金柱钉采用中、粗颗粒两种WC粉混晶的非均匀组织结构的形式，达到同时提高韧性和耐磨性的目的。以上两种方法采用非均匀分布的成分组织形式，适当达到了提高性能的目的，但相对于传统均匀的硬质合金球齿或柱钉类产品而言，其原料成本没有降低，甚至会提高，产品性价比提高幅度不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在大幅度地提高产品性价比条件下，提供一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉及其制造方法。
为了实现上述目的。本发明的技术方案是：一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉，其特点是：该球齿或柱钉由工作部位和非工作部位组成，所述工作部位为硬质合金材料，由碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍按重量百分比组成，碳化钨粉为80-92%，钴粉或镍粉为8-20%均匀混合，层厚5-30mm；所述非工作部位为低密度类硬质合金类材料，由密度为4.93g/cm3的碳化钛粉、密度为15.79g/cm3的碳化钨粉、密度为8.9g/cm3的钴粉或镍粉按重量百分比组成，碳化钛粉为30-60%重量，碳化钨粉为20-60%重量；钴粉或镍粉为10-20%重量，压制时，先称量工作部位用的硬质合金材料，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用的低密度硬质合金材料，加入钢模中，将两种材料施压压制成型，将成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，所获烧结品形成两部分，即非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球柱或齿钉。
一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
A．配制工作部位硬质合金材料混合料
a)将碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍粉按碳化钨粉80-92%，钴粉或镍粉8-20%重量百分比例均匀混合；
b) 将上述混合料放入球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；
c)将已磨好的湿料用真空干燥机回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；
d)将已干燥的粉料，加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，加胶量为90ml/1kg物料，60-100目过筛；
B.配制非工作部位低密度硬质合金材料混合料
a)由密度为4.93g/cm3的碳化钛粉、密度为15.79g/cm3的碳化钨粉、密度8.9g/cm3的钴粉或镍粉，按碳化钛粉为30-60%重量，钴粉或镍粉为10-20%重量，碳化钨粉为20-60%重量百分比例均匀混合；
b)将上述混合料放入球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；
c)将已磨好的湿料用真空干燥机回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；
d)将已干燥的粉料，加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，加胶量为120ml/1kg物料，60-100目过筛；
C.压制成型
a)由于两种混合料收缩有一定差异，为防止球齿或柱钉烧结后发生变形，影响公差尺寸，达不到使用要求，应预先制成一种凸台形状的压坯，小头为工作部位，收缩系数取1.20-1.25，大头为非工作部位，收缩系数取1.26-1.30，工作部位与非工作部位连接界面处光滑过渡；
b)先称量工作部位用的碳化钨粉、钴粉（或镍粉）的混合料，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用的碳化钛粉、碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍粉混合料，加入钢模中，施压60-100Mpa/cm3,压力成型；
D.烧结加工
将上述加工成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，炉温控制在1420-14600C之间，保温2-3小时；
E.产品表面加工
将已烧结的产品表面按尺寸要求研磨加工，检验合格入库。
非工作部位所述的碳化钨是指废旧硬质合金回收后电解碳化钨或回收硬质合金破碎粉料，这种碳化钨成本低于原生碳化钨。
本发明的非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉组成配方中，工作部位采用常规碳化钨、钴或镍类硬质合金材料配方，非工作部位采用了低密度、低原料成本的硬质合金类材料配方，按上述工艺制备方法所生产出的硬质合金球齿或柱钉产品优点是：与申请号为CN201210181531《矿用纳米稀土表面强化梯度硬质合金复合球齿及其制备方法》和公告号为CN102699330A《一种硬质合金辊面柱钉的制备方法》所述的非均匀成分组织硬质合金球柱或齿钉相比，本发明所述的非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉的非工作部位占整体产品体积大部分，密度低，单件产品用料量少，原料成本低，在不改变硬质合金球齿或柱钉产品质量性能和使用要求前提下，可大幅度降低产品原料成本，从而达到大幅度提高产品性价比目的。
附图说明：
图1、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿压坯形状示意图；
图2、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金柱钉压坯形状示意图；
图3、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿烧结毛坯示意图；
图4、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金柱钉烧结毛坯示意图；
图5、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿毛坯实物样品图；
图6、为非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金柱钉磨加工后样品图；
图中所表示的尺寸单位以mm表示。
实施例1
非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿：
产品由两部分组成，工作部位组成：碳化钨90%重量，钴10%重量；非工作部位的组成：碳化钛50%重量，碳化钨30%重量，钴加镍20%重量。所要求压坯、烧结后的毛坯形状及实物形状见图1、图3、图5所示。工艺步骤简述如下：将上述各种成分按重量比例称重混合
均匀；工作部位和非工作部位配料分别装入不同球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；将已球磨好的工作部位和非工作部位湿粉分别用真空干燥机（Z型混合器）回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；将已干燥过的粉料加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，工作部位粉料加胶量为90,ml/1kg，非工作部位加胶量为120ml/1kg，60-100目过筛；先称量工作部位用粉料7.5g，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用粉料11.5g，加入钢模中，施压60-100Mpa/cm3,压力成型，所压制的压坯形状如图1所示；将压制加工成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，炉温控制在1420-14600C之间，保温2-3小时，所获得的烧结品形状和尺寸见图3、图5所示；将已烧结成型的产品表面用无芯磨加工，使产品尺寸达到要求，检验合格后入库。将上述制品以抽样方式测定结果如下：综合密度9.20g/cm3、工作部位硬度88.5HRA，工作部位孔隙度AO2，BOO，COO。
实施例2
非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金柱钉：
产品由两部分组成，工作部位组成：碳化钨85%重量，钴15%重量；非工作部位的组成：碳化钛30%重量，碳化钨55%重量，钴加镍15%重量。所要求压坯、烧结后的毛坯形状及实物形状见图2、图4、图6所示。工艺步骤简述如下：将上述各种成分按重量比例称重混合均匀；工作部位和非工作部位配料分别装入不同球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；将已球磨好的工作部位和非工作部位湿粉分别用真空干燥机（Z型混合器）回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；将已干燥过的粉料加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，工作部位粉料加胶量为90,ml/1kg，非工作部位加胶量为120ml/1kg，60-100目过筛；先称量工作部位用粉料44.5g，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用粉料49g，加入钢模中，施压60-100Mpa/cm3,压力成型，所压制的压坯形状如图2所示；将压制加工成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，炉温控制在1420-14600C之间，保温2-3小时，所获得的烧结品形状和尺寸见图4所示；将已烧结成型的产品表面用无芯磨加工，使产品尺寸达到要求，检验合格后入库，加工后实物样品见图6所示。将上述制品以抽样方式测定结果如下：综合密度10.5g/cm3、工作部位硬度86.5HRA，工作部位孔隙度AO2，BO2，COO。

Claims (2)

1.一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉，其特征在于，该球齿或柱钉由工作部位和非工作部位组成，所述工作部位为硬质合金材料，由碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍按重量百分比组成，碳化钨粉为80-92%，钴粉或镍粉为8-20%均匀混合，层厚5-30mm；所述非工作部位为低密度类硬质合金类材料，由密度为4.93g/cm3的碳化钛粉、密度为15.79g/cm3的碳化钨粉、密度为8.9g/cm3的钴粉或镍粉按重量百分比组成，碳化钛粉为30-60%重量，碳化钨粉为20-60%重量；钴粉或镍粉为10-20%重量，压制时，先称量工作部位用的硬质合金材料，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用的低密度硬质合金材料，加入钢模中，将两种材料施压压制成型，将成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，烧结品形成两部分，获得非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球柱或齿钉。
2.一种非均匀成分组织复合硬质合金球齿或柱钉的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
A．配制工作部位硬质合金材料混合料
a)将碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍粉按碳化钨粉80-92%，钴粉或镍粉8-20%重量百分比例均匀混合；
b) 将上述混合料放入球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；
c)将已磨好的湿料用真空干燥机回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；
d)将已干燥的粉料，加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，加胶量为90ml/1kg物料，60-100目过筛；
B.配制非工作部位低密度硬质合金材料混合料
a)由密度为4.93g/cm3的碳化钛粉、密度为15.79g/cm3的碳化钨粉、密度8.9g/cm3的钴粉或镍粉，按碳化钛粉为30-60%重量，钴粉或镍粉为10-20%重量，碳化钨粉为20-60%重量百分比例均匀混合；
b)将上述混合料放入球磨机中湿磨，球料比为4:1，固液比为1kg/300ml，常温球磨24小时；
c)将已磨好的湿料用真空干燥机回收酒精后，再用蒸汽干燥箱烘干；
d)将已干燥的粉料，加SD胶液或汽油橡胶液成型剂搅拌均匀2分钟，加胶量为120ml/1kg物料，60-100目过筛；
C.压制成型
a)由于两种混合料收缩有一定差异，为防止球齿或柱钉烧结后发生变形，影响公差尺寸，达不到使用要求，应预先制成一种凸台形状的压坯，小头为工作部位，收缩系数取1.20-1.25，大头为非工作部位，收缩系数取1.26-1.30，工作部位与非工作部位连接界面处光滑过渡；
b)先称量工作部位用的碳化钨粉、钴粉（或镍粉）的混合料，加入钢模中，再称量非工作部位用的碳化钛粉、碳化钨粉、钴粉或镍粉混合料，加入钢模中，施压60-100Mpa/cm3,压力成型；
D.烧结加工
将上述加工成型的制品放入烧结炉内烧结，炉温控制在1420-14600C之间，保温2-3小时；
E.产品表面加工
将已烧结的产品表面按尺寸要求研磨加工，检验合格入库。
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