CN104925047A - 用于混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备及方法 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104925047A
CN104925047A CN201410740228.4A CN201410740228A CN104925047A CN 104925047 A CN104925047 A CN 104925047A CN 201410740228 A CN201410740228 A CN 201410740228A CN 104925047 A CN104925047 A CN 104925047A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydraulic pressure
error
engine clucht
performance
predetermined range
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Granted
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CN201410740228.4A
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CN104925047B (zh
Inventor
文盛郁
朴大路
郑硕民
李在浩
安正言
李羲润
林远植
金南雄
李校范
徐豪源
车硕源
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Hyundai Motor Co
Seoul National University Industry Foundation
SNU R&DB Foundation
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
Seoul National University Industry Foundation
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442Series-parallel switching type
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/702Look-up tables
    • F16D2500/70252Clutch torque
    • F16D2500/70282Time
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70402Actuator parameters
    • F16D2500/70406Pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70402Actuator parameters
    • F16D2500/7041Position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70446Clutch cooling parameters
    • F16D2500/70448Clutch cooling parameters for regulating the amount of fluid flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/706Strategy of control
    • F16D2500/70605Adaptive correction; Modifying control system parameters, e.g. gains, constants, look-up tables
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备及方法。一种混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备,包括包含发动机电动机的动力源。发动机离合器布置在发动机和电动机之间。车辆控制器被配置为输出液压指令以控制发动机离合器的啮合/分离。在起步控制中,车辆控制器将发动机离合器的输出性能与预定的动态目标性能相比较,如果其之间的差值超过预定的容许误差范围,那么提取性能误差函数,并且校正发动机离合器的输出性能,使得输出性能落入预定的容许误差范围以内并且将其存储为学习值。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年3月19日提交给韩国知识产权局的韩国专利申请第10-2014-0032290号的优先权的权益,将该申请的全部内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备及使用方法,并且更具体地,涉及以下用于混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备和使用方法,其在发动机离合器的液压和摩擦特性变化的情况下通过学习并校正液压指令来使能发动机离合器的啮合以追踪目标时间和目标转速。
背景技术
由于对于车辆的燃料效率的高需求以及对于排出气体更加严格的规定,因此对于环境友好车辆的需求已日益增加,并且响应于此,已经提出了混合动力车辆作为实际的替代物。
发动机和电动机作为动力源被应用于混合动力车辆,并且根据驾驶情况,发动机和电动机的特征体现为提供燃料效率并且减少排出气体。
混合动力车辆可以根据由发动机和电动机组成的两个动力源如何协调运行来提供最佳的输出扭矩。
在电池的荷电状态(SOC)不能产生足以起动车辆的电动机扭矩的情况下,混合动力车辆通常通过驱动电动机起动,发动机被启动控制于怠速状态,然后发动机离合器被啮合以利用通过发动机离合器传递的发动机扭矩起动车辆。
在这种情况下,当通过发动机离合器传递的扭矩(其是基于当前液压输出而假定的模式值)由于以下原因而不同于实际扭矩时对车辆的运行范围具有不良影响,上述原因包括发动机离合器的半联动点、摩擦系数、负荷、油温等。
作为用于校正发动机离合器的特征的方法,提供一种技术,其中根据实验获得的发动机离合器的摩擦特性作为摩擦系数被输入以估计传递扭矩,并且当估计出发动机离合器的输入和输出每分钟转数(RPM),并且估计的RPM不同于设定的RPM时,选择特征图中实际产生的最接近特征曲线以校正摩擦特性。
以上特征校正方法在选择特征图的过程中可能对于实际传递扭矩具有误差,并且处理液压的运行时间延迟而非发动机离合器的摩擦特性等会有难度。
此外,难以将各个发动机离合器的差异考虑在内,并且会造成以下问题,即,电动机必须是可操作地以估计发动机离合器的摩擦特性变化。
作为半联动点(即,液压的实际工作压力)的学习方法,提供一种技术,其中,在电动车辆(EV)模式中,减速的发动机保持切断燃料控制,液压被施加到发动机离合器,并且测量直至产生发动机转速的时间。将测量时间与预定的目标时间相比较,并且根据时间差计算校正液压。学习的初始液压减去计算的校正液压使得其被更新并存储,并且当发动机离合器结合时施加该更新并存储的初始液压。
以上方法是用于定义抵消液压(offset hydraulic pressure)以产生发动机离合器的实际传递扭矩的技术,并且在确定学习的量时应当考虑液压特性,并因此,学习的量可能取决于驾驶条件,因此不能根据负荷变化提供学习控制。
在背景部分中所公开的上述信息仅用于增强对本发明的背景的理解,并且因此,背景部分可能包含并不构成已被这个国家中的本领域的普通技术人员所知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本公开内容提供一种发动机离合器的啮合,其能够在液压和摩擦特性变化时并因此由于干扰(包括发动机离合器的半联动点、摩擦系数、装置差异、油温等)而发生不恰当的机械行时,通过实际输出性能与动态目标性能之间的误差分析进行学习以校正液压指令。
根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式,一种包括发动机和电动机的动力源的混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备。发动机离合器布置在发动机与电动机之间。车辆控制器被配置为输出液压指令以控制发动机离合器的啮合/分离。车辆控制器可以将发动机离合器的输出性能与起步控制(launchcontrol)中预定的动态目标性能相比较,如果两者之间的差值超过预定的容许误差范围,那么提取性能误差函数,并且校正发动机离合器的输出性能,使得输出性能落入预定的容许误差范围以内并且将其作为学习的值进行存储。
车辆控制器可以将以下控制设置为起步控制,其中,当电动机不能输出足够的驱动力时发动机离合器的摩擦扭矩被用于开动车辆。
车辆控制器可将性能误差函数近似为二次函数以将用于发起发动机离合器的啮合的初始液压定义为一阶分量、将斜率定义为二阶分量,并且将曲率定义为三阶分量。车辆控制器可以根据对应的阶的各个分量设置液压指令的补偿点,补偿各个补偿点的性能误差,并且将补偿值作为发动机离合器的液压指令的学习值进行存储。
车辆控制器可根据各个分量来分离性能误差函数以确定液压指令的补偿点,根据液压指令的校正分析性能变化,并且如果性能变化落入预定的容许误差范围以内,就将校正值作为液压指令的学习值进行存储。
车辆控制器可以根据变速箱的油温、道路斜率、以及加速器踏板的位移量(打开)来学习液压指令,并且将学习的值以图的形式进行存储。
车辆控制器可以根据起步控制中加速器踏板的输入量来确定车辆的加转速,将加转速转换成变速比以确定变速箱的输入轴的目标转速,并且确定目标转速追踪液压指令以控制发动机离合器的啮合。
当存在发动机离合器的液压指令的学习值时,车辆控制器可以确定加速器踏板的位移量(打开)并且根据加速器踏板的位移量确定目标转速作为初始液压指令。
如果对应于发动机离合器的啮合的开始的一阶分量的初始误差超过预定的容许误差范围,车辆控制器可校正初始液压使得初始液压落入预定的容许误差范围以内,如果初始误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就将初始液压存储为初始液压的学习值。
如果对应于用于啮合发动机离合器的液压指令中的斜率的二阶分量超过预定的容许误差范围,车辆控制器可以校正补偿液压使得补偿液压落入容许范围以内,如果线性误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就将补偿液压存储为学习值。
如果对应于发动机离合器的扭矩传递范围的三阶分量的曲率误差超过预定的容许误差范围,车辆控制器可校正扭矩传递范围处的液压斜率使得液压斜率落入容许范围以内,如果曲率误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就将扭矩传递范围处的液压斜率存储为学习值。
如果因为发动机离合器的摩擦特性变化使得发动机离合器啮合时峰值斜率超过预定的容许误差范围,车辆控制器可以在刚好完成啮合之前在容许范围以内校正液压斜率,如果峰值斜率不超过预定的容许误差范围,就将刚好完成啮合之前的液压斜率存储为学习值。
根据本公开内容的另一示例性实施方式,一种混合动力车辆的液压指令学习方法,包括:当满足起步控制条件时在怠速状态下启动发动机并且利用加速器踏板的输入量确定车辆的加转速。加转速被转换成变速比以确定变速箱的输入轴的目标转速。确定用于追踪目标转速的液压指令,并且控制发动机离合器的啮合。将发动机离合器的输出转速与变速箱的输入轴的目标转速相比较以确定性能误差是否超过预定的容许误差范围。通过使用二次函数来近似性能误差函数以将其划分成各个分量,并且划分的分量被确定为液压指令的补偿点。根据各个补偿点调整液压指令以分析发动机离合器的输出性能变化,并且如果发动机离合器的输出性能追踪变速箱的输入轴的目标转速,就将对应的液压指令存储为学习值。
起步控制条件可以指,如果由于电池的荷电状态(SOC)、道路情况、或道路坡度使得电动机不能输出足够的驱动动力,那么通过使用发动机离合器的摩擦扭矩来起步车辆的控制情况。
性能误差函数可以近似为二次函数,使得对应于发动机离合器的啮合的开始的初始液压被定义为一阶分量,将对应于斜率的范围定义为二阶分量,并且将对应于曲率的范围定义为三阶分量。
如果对应于发动机离合器的啮合的开始的一阶分量超过预定的容许误差范围,可以校正初始液压使得发动机离合器的输出性能追踪目标转速,如果误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就可以将初始液压存储为学习值。
如果对应于用于啮合发动机离合器的液压指令的斜率的二阶分量的线性误差超过预定的容许误差范围,可以校正补偿液压使得发动机离合器的输出性能追踪目标转速,如果线性误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就可以将补偿液压存储为学习值。
如果对应于发动机离合器的扭矩传递范围的三阶分量的曲率误差超过预定的容许误差范围,可以校正液压斜率使得发动机离合器的输出性能追踪目标转速,如果曲率误差不超过预定的容许误差范围,就可以将处于扭矩传递范围的液压斜率存储为学习值。
如果因为发动机离合器的摩擦特性变化使得发动机离合器啮合时峰值斜率超过预定的容许误差范围,可以对于在刚好完成发动机啮合之前的液压斜率进行校正使得发动机离合器的输出性能追踪目标转速,如果峰值斜率不超过预定的容许误差范围,就将刚好完成啮合之前的液压斜率存储为学习值。
如上所述,在发动机离合器的半联动点、摩擦系数、和负荷的估计或测量不正确时,并且因此发生不恰当的机械行为时,本公开内容通过实际输出性能和动态目标性能之间的误差分析,能够以数量减少的学习事件来学习液压指令,由此提供在学习液压指令过程中的便利性和可靠性。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备的示图。
图2是示意性地示出了根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆的液压指令学习过程的流程图。
图3是示出了根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆中的发动机离合器的性能误差的示图。
图4是根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆中用于啮合发动机离合器的液压指令的示图。
图5是示出了根据图4中示出的初步的液压调整的性能变化的示图。
图6是示出了根据图4中示出的初始液压调整的性能变化的示图。
图7是示出图4中示出的补偿液压调整的示图。
图8是示出了根据图7中示出的补偿液压调整的性能变化的示图。
图9是示出了图4中示出的扭矩传递范围中的液压调整的示图。
图10是示出了根据图9中示出的扭矩传递范围的液压调整的性能变化的示图。
图11是示出了根据图4中示出的控制变量调整的性能变化的示图。
具体实施方式
在下面的详细描述中,仅简单地以图例的方式示出并描述本公开内容的某些示例性实施方式。如本领域技术人员应当认识到的,在不背离本公开内容的精神或范围的前提下,可以各种不同的方式对所描述的实施方式进行修改。
附图和说明本质上被认为是说明性的,而不是限制性的,并且相同的参考标号贯穿说明书表示相同的元件。此外,在附图中,为说明方便起见,每个元件均是随意示出的,并且本公开内容不必限于在附图中示出的那些元件。
图1是根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备的示图。
参照图1,本公开内容的示例性实施方式包括驾驶信息检测器101、车辆控制器102、逆变器103、电池104、电池管理器105、发动机控制器106、电动机107、发动机108、混合启动发电机(HSG)109、发动机离合器110、以及变速箱111。
驾驶信息检测器101检测全部的驾驶信息,包括车辆速度、道路坡度、加速器踏板的位移量(打开)、变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度、变速箱111的油温等,从而将其提供到车辆控制器102。
作为顶级控制器,车辆控制器102提供连接到网络的控制器的集成控制。
当由于驾驶信息检测器101提供的有关驱动需要的扭矩的消息,电池管理器105提供的有关电池104的荷电状态(SOC)的消息等,使得需要将电动车辆(EV)模式转换成混合电动车辆(HEV)模式时,车辆控制器102开启发动机108,并且允许发动机离合器110通过离合器控制器106啮合在发动机108和电动机107之间以在HEV模式下行驶。
当满足起步控制条件,并且需要在静止状态下起步时,车辆控制器102操作HSG 109以开启发动机108,在怠速状态下控制发动机108,根据加速器踏板的输入量确定混合动力车辆的加速度,将加速度转换成变速比,并且确定变速箱111的输入轴的目标转速。
起步控制指的是以下车辆控制,其中,当电动机107由于电池104的SOC、道路情况、道路坡度等不能输出足够的驱动动力时,将发动机离合器110的摩擦力矩用于起步车辆。
在确定能够追踪变速箱111的输入轴的目标转速的液压轮廓(profile)之后,车辆控制器102输出液压指令然后允许液压使发动机离合器110啮合。
车辆控制器102检测发动机离合器110的输出性能,其传输在发动机离合器110啮合时的发动机108的每分钟转数(RPM),并且将输出性能与预定目标输出性能相比较。
就是说,当发动机离合器110啮合时,车辆控制器102检测输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转转速并且将实际旋转转速与预定的目标转速相比较。
如图3所示,车辆控制器102检测输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际输出性能(B)和预定的动态目标性能(A),并且如果其之间的性能误差超过预定的容许误差范围就提取性能误差函数(C)。
性能误差函数表示目标动态性能和实际性能之间的差值。当从变速箱111的输入轴的目标旋转转速(其被定义为目标动力性能)中减去输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转转速时,负(-)值意味着实际旋转转速快于目标旋转转速的状态,正(+)值意味着目标旋转转速快于实际旋转转速的状态。
车辆控制器102将输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转速度与预定的目标旋转速度相比较,如果性能误差超过预定的容许误差范围,利用初始误差分离性能误差函数。
车辆控制器102将用于开始发动机离合器的啮合的初始液压定义为一阶分量,将对应于斜率的范围定义为二阶分量,并且将对应于曲率的范围定义为三阶元,使得液压指令的补偿点根据各个阶的分量而改变。
车辆控制器102根据按照各个阶的误差分量划分的液压指令的补偿点调整液压指令,并且根据所调整的液压指令分析性能变化,由此进行学习以校正发动机离合器110的液压指令(其追踪目标时间和目标转速)。
车辆控制器102根据变速箱111的油温、道路坡度、和加速器踏板的位移量(打开)来学习发动机离合器110的液压指令并且以图形式将其存储在车辆控制器的存储器中。
当不存在所学习的发动机离合器110的液压指令时,车辆控制器102将加速器踏板的位移量(打开)和根据其的目标转速轮廓输入到驾驶员的需要的扭矩图,作为用于液压指令的基线,用于要被学习和校正的初始学习值。
由多个功率开关元件形成的逆变器103根据来自车辆控制器102的控制信号将来自电池104的直流电压转换成三相交流电压,并且控制电动机107的驱动。
形成逆变器103的功率开关元件可以是绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)、晶体管、和中继器中的任意一个。
逆变器103包括保护电路。保护电路监测功率流,当由于如车辆碰撞等的各种原因导致过电压或过度充电被引入动力源时分配或切断电力以保护设置在混合动力车辆中的整个系统,并且保护车上乘客免受高压。
电池104由多个单元电池组成,并且高压存储在其中以提供电压到电动机107。
电池管理器105检测电池104的运转区域中的各个电池单元的电流、电压、和温度以控制SOC,并且控制电池104的充电电压和放电电压,使得可以防止过量放电在较低阈值电压以下或者防止过量充电在较高的阈值电压以上以防止电池104的使用期限缩短。
发动机控制器106根据通过网络从车辆控制器102施加的控制信号控制发动机108的运行。
电动机107利用来自逆变器103的三相交流电压运行并且产生扭矩,并且在滑行中作为发电机运行以提供再生能量到电池104。
发动机108输出第一动力作为发动机108的开启状态下的动力源。
HSG 109根据来自车辆控制器102的控制信号作为电动机运行以开启发动机108,发动机108保持开启状态的同时作为发电机运行以产生电压,并且通过逆变器103将产生的电压作为充电电压提供到电池104。
发动机离合器110布置在发动机108和电动机107之间并且传递或切断发动机108的动力,由此使车辆能够在EV模式或者在HEV模式下行驶。
发动机离合器110可以由将发动机108的输出扭矩利用由于液压导致的摩擦力传递到电动机107的湿型多盘离合器组成,并且驱动性能可取决于液压指令。
变速箱111作为自动变速箱或持续可变的变速箱(CVT)提供,并且啮合元件和分离元件通过液压来运行,使得结合目标换挡级。
在根据本公开内容被配置为包括上述功能的混合动力车辆中,所执行的控制发动机离合器的操作将在下文中描述。
图2是示意性地示出了根据本公开内容的示例性实施方式的混合动力车辆的液压指令学习过程的流程图。
在本公开内容可应用的混合动力车辆中,车辆控制器102检测包括车辆速度、道路坡度、加速器踏板的位移量(打开)等的全部驾驶信息(S101),并且确定是否满足起步控制条件(S102)。
起步控制条件意味着以下控制条件:当电动机107由于电池104的SOC、道路情况、道路坡度等而不能输出足够的驱动力时通过利用发动机离合器110的摩擦力矩使车辆起步。
当在步骤S102中满足起步控制条件时,车辆控制器102允许HSG 109开启发动机108,在怠速状态下控制发动机108,并且利用加速器踏板的输入量确定混合动力车辆的加速度(S103)。
在步骤103中,车辆控制器102将确定的加速度转换成变速比以确定变速箱111的输入轴的目标转速,并且确定能够追踪目标转速的液压轮廓(S104)。
车辆控制器102将在步骤S104中确定的液压轮廓作为液压指令输出,使得操作液压以啮合发动机离合器110(S105)。
在步骤S105中,车辆控制器102检测输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转速度(其是当发动机离合器110啮合时传送发动机108的RPM的输出性能)(S106),并且将实际旋转速度与预定的目标输出性能相比较(S107)。
在步骤S107中,车辆控制器102将输入的变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转速度与预定的目标旋转转速相比较,并且确定性能误差是否超过预定的容许误差(S108)。
在步骤108中,当性能误差超过预定的容许误差时,车辆控制器102提取性能误差函数,并且如果性能误差超过预定的容许误差,使用性能误差函数将初始误差从其中分离(S109)。
如图3所示,车辆控制器102检测输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际输出性能(B)和预定的动态目标性能(A),并且如果其之间的性能差值超过预定的容许误差范围就提取性能误差函数(C)。
当性能误差函数近似为二次函数时,性能误差函数表示目标动态性能和实际性能之间的差值。当定义为目标动态性能的变速箱111的输入轴的目标旋转速度减去输入到变速箱111的输入轴的实际旋转速度时,负(-)值意味着实际旋转速度比目标旋转速度快的状态,并且正(+)值意味着目标旋转速度比实际旋转速度快的状态。
当性能误差函数近似为二次函数时,车辆控制器102将对应于抵消(offset)的初始液压定义为一阶分量,将对应于斜率的范围定义为二阶分量,并且将对应于曲率的范围定义为三阶元素,使得液压指令的补偿点根据各个阶的分量而改变(S110)。
因为用于车辆的动力传动系统的运动的等式在旋转方向上可被线性地表示为T=Iω(其中,T是扭矩、I是转动惯量、并且ω是角加速度),因为误差的每个分量通过叠加原理被表示为误差函数,所以与误差相关的输入参数的线性组合被用于找到用于产生全阶误差函数的输入。
车辆控制器102根据基于在步骤S110中的各个误差分量分离的液压指令的补偿点调整液压指令,分析对应的性能变化,并且学习以校正能够追踪目标时间和目标转速的发动机离合器110的液压指令(S111)。
例如,如图4中可以看出的,在下文中将描述车辆控制器102设定以学习液压指令轮廓中的补偿点。
补偿点可以(例如)被设置为发动机离合器等待啮合时的预备压力Prd,发动机离合器110开始要被啮合时的初始液压P1,发动机离合器110正在啮合时的补偿液压P2,发动机离合器110啮合以传递扭矩时的液压斜率aP2,以及刚好在发动机离合器110啮合完成之前的液压斜率aP3
在图4中,当进行学习过程时(其中预备压力Prd增加了设定值,例如,每次0.5bar),性能变化(即,输入到变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度特性的变化)出现在如图5所示的箭头方向上。
因为预备压力Prd的调整影响第一模式并且进一步影响直至到达半联动点压力的填充时间,考虑到初始性能改善和测量误差将预备压力Prd保持在90%的半联动点。
在图4中,当学习过程时(其中,初始液压P1增加一设定值,例如,每次0.5bar),性能变化(即,输入到变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度特性的变化)出现在如图6所示的箭头方向上。初始压力P1的调整对于第一模式具有显著影响。
此外,在图4中,当执行学习过程时(其中补偿液压P2增加一设定值,如图7中可以看出的),性能变化(即,输入到变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度特性的变化)出现在如图8所示的箭头方向上。
根据压力、扭矩、和转速之间的关系,可以看出性能误差线性地改变,这是因为如果提供至发动机离合器110的平均压力增加,那么平均传递扭矩增加并且输出轴的加速度增加。
参照图4,当进行学习过程时(其中液压斜率aP2增加一设定值,如图9中可以看出的),性能变化(即,输入到变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度特性的变化)出现在如图10所示的箭头方向上。
压力的斜率变化可以定义为扭矩的斜率变化,扭矩的斜率变化可以定义为加速度的斜率变化,并且加速度的斜率变化可以定义为转速的曲率分量变化。
当进行图4的学习过程时(其中液压斜率ap3增加一设定值),性能变化(即,输入到变速箱111的输入轴的旋转速度特性的变化)出现在如图11所示的箭头方向上。
液压斜率ap3不是十分影响目标转速的追踪,但影响发动机离合器110的啮合,这允许根据摩擦系数的特征变化进行性能误差补偿。
因此,当发动机离合器的液压指令中出现误差时根据它们的误差模式分离误差函数之后,如果对应于第一模式的初始误差超过预定的容许范围,那么车辆控制器102校正初始液压P1使得初始液压P1落入容许范围以内,如果初始误差不超过预定的容许范围就将初始液压P1存储为学习值。
当对应于发动机离合器110的液压指令中的斜率的二阶分量的线性误差超过预定的容许范围时,车辆控制器102校正补偿压力P2使得补偿压力P2落入容许范围以内,如果线性误差不超过预定的容许范围,就将补偿压力P2存储为学习值。
此外,当对应于发动机离合器110的扭矩传递范围的三阶分量的曲率误差超过预定的容许范围时,那么车辆控制器102校正液压斜率ap2使得液压斜率ap2落入容许范围以内,如果曲率误差不超过预定的容许范围,就将液压斜率ap2存储为学习值。
此外,当啮合时的峰值斜率由于发动机离合器110的摩擦特性变化而超过预定的容许范围时,那么车辆控制器102校正液压斜率ap3使得液压斜率ap3落入预定的容许范围以内,如果峰值斜率不超过预定的容许范围就将斜率ap3存储为学习值。
尽管已经结合目前视为实际示例性实施方式的实施方式描述了本公开内容,然而,应当理解,本发明并不局限于所公开的实施方式,而是相反,本发明旨在覆盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种变形及等同配置。

Claims (19)

1.一种混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备,包括:
动力源,包括发动机和电动机;
发动机离合器,布置在所述发动机与所述电动机之间;以及
车辆控制器,被配置为输出液压指令以控制所述发动机离合器的啮合/分离,
其中,在起步控制中,所述车辆控制器将所述发动机离合器的输出性能与预定动态目标性能进行比较,如果所述输出性能与所述预定动态目标性能之间的差值超过预定的容许误差范围,则提取性能误差函数,并且校正所述发动机离合器的所述输出性能,使得所述输出性能落入所述预定的容许误差范围内并且存储为学习值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述车辆控制器将以下控制设置为所述起步控制:其中,当所述电动机不能输出足够的驱动动力时所述发动机离合器的摩擦扭矩被用于使所述车辆运行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述车辆控制器将所述性能误差函数近似为二次函数,以将用于开始所述发动机离合器的所述啮合的初始液压定义为一阶分量,将斜率定义为二阶分量,将曲率定义为三阶分量,根据对应的阶的各个分量设置所述液压指令的补偿点,补偿各个所述补偿点的性能误差,并且将补偿值存储为所述发动机离合器的所述液压指令的学习值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述车辆控制器根据各个分量分离所述性能误差函数以确定所述液压指令的补偿点,根据所述液压指令的校正分析性能变化,并且如果所述性能变化落入所述预定的容许误差范围以内,就将经校正的值存储为所述液压指令的学习值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述车辆控制器根据变速箱的油温、道路坡度、以及加速器踏板的位移量(打开)学习所述液压指令,并且将学习值以图形式进行存储。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,所述车辆控制器通过所述起步控制中加速器踏板的输入量确定所述车辆的加速度,将所述加速度转换成变速比以确定变速箱的输入轴的目标转速,并且确定追踪目标转速的液压指令以控制所述发动机离合器的啮合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,当存在所述发动机离合器的所述液压指令的学习值时,所述车辆控制器确定加速器踏板的位移量(打开)并且根据所述加速器踏板的位移量确定目标转速作为初始液压指令。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,如果对应于开始所述发动机离合器的啮合的一阶分量的初始误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,所述车辆控制器校正初始液压使得所述初始液压落入容许范围内,如果所述初始误差不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,就将所述初始液压存储为所述初始液压的学习值。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,如果对应于用于啮合所述发动机离合器的所述液压指令中的斜率的二阶分量的线性误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,所述车辆控制器校正补偿液压使得所述补偿液压落入容许范围内,如果所述线性误差不超过所述预定的容许范围,将所述补偿液压存储为所述学习值。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,如果对应于所述发动机离合器的扭矩传递范围的三阶分量的曲率误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,所述车辆控制器校正处于所述扭矩传递范围的液压斜率使得所述液压斜率落入容许范围内,如果所述曲率误差不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将处于所述扭矩传递范围的所述液压斜率存储为所述学习值。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,如果所述发动机离合器啮合时的峰值斜率由于所述发动机离合器的摩擦特性变化而超过所述预定的容许误差范围,所述车辆控制器将刚好在所述发动机离合器完成啮合之前的液压斜率校正到容许范围内,如果所述峰值斜率不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将刚好在所述啮合完成之前的所述液压斜率存储为所述学习值。
12.一种混合动力车辆的液压指令学习方法,包括以下步骤:
当满足起步控制条件时在怠速状态下开启发动机并且利用加速器踏板的输入量确定所述车辆的加速度;
将所述加速度转换成变速比以确定变速箱的输入轴的目标转速,确定用于追踪所述目标转速的液压指令,并且控制发动机离合器的啮合;
将所述发动机离合器的输出转速与所述变速箱的所述输入轴的所述目标转速进行比较以确定性能误差是否超过预定的容许误差范围;
通过使用二次函数来近似性能误差函数以将所述性能误差函数划分成各个分量,并且将划分的所述分量确定为所述液压指令的补偿点;以及
根据各个所述补偿点调整所述液压指令以分析所述发动机离合器的输出性能变化,并且如果所述发动机离合器的输出性能追踪所述变速箱的所述输入轴的所述目标转速,就将对应的液压指令存储为学习值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述起步控制条件是指以下控制条件:如果由于电池的荷电状态(SOC)、道路情况、或道路坡度使得电动机不能输出足够的驱动动力,则通过使用所述发动机离合器的摩擦扭矩来使所述车辆起步。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述性能误差函数近似为所述二次函数,使得对应于开始所述发动机离合器的所述啮合的初始液压定义为一阶分量,对应于所述二次函数的斜率的范围定义为二阶分量,对应于所述二次函数的曲率的范围定义为三阶分量。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,如果对应于开始所述发动机离合器的所述啮合的一阶分量的误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,校正初始液压使得所述发动机离合器的输出性能追踪所述目标转速,如果所述误差不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将所述初始液压存储为所述学习值。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,如果对应于用于啮合所述发动机离合器的所述液压指令中的斜率的二阶分量的线性误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,校正补偿液压使得所述发动机离合器的输出性能追踪所述目标转速,如果所述线性误差不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将所述补偿液压存储为所述学习值。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,如果对应于所述发动机离合器的扭矩传递范围的三阶分量的曲率误差超过所述预定的容许误差范围,校正液压斜率使得所述发动机离合器的输出性能追踪所述目标转速,如果所述曲率误差不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将处于所述扭矩传递范围的所述液压斜率存储为所述学习值。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,如果所述发动机离合器啮合时的峰值斜率由于所述发动机离合器的摩擦特性变化而超过所述预定的容许误差范围,校正刚好在所述啮合完成之前的液压斜率使得所述发动机离合器的输出性能追踪所述目标转速,如果所述峰值斜率不超过所述预定的容许误差范围,将刚好在所述啮合完成之前的所述液压斜率存储为所述学习值。
19.一种混合动力车辆的液压指令学习设备,包括:
动力源,包括发动机和电动机;
发动机离合器,设置在所述发动机与所述电动机之间;以及
车辆控制器,被配置为输出液压指令以控制所述发动机离合器的啮合/分离,其中,所述车辆控制器根据预定程序运行,执行根据权利要求12所述的方法,进行学习以校正所述起步控制条件下所述发动机离合器的所述液压指令,并且提供能够提供起步加速度的感觉的所述发动机离合器的啮合。
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