CN104917239A - Series battery pack charge balanced control method based on multi-coil transformer - Google Patents
Series battery pack charge balanced control method based on multi-coil transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104917239A CN104917239A CN201510319879.0A CN201510319879A CN104917239A CN 104917239 A CN104917239 A CN 104917239A CN 201510319879 A CN201510319879 A CN 201510319879A CN 104917239 A CN104917239 A CN 104917239A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a battery pack balanced control method based on a multi-coil transformer. According to the method, a public energy storage reservoir is set up in the charge-discharge process of series batteries; batteries with relatively high capacities input energy into the energy storage reservoir; and batteries with relatively low capacities adsorb energy from the energy storage reservoir. The input or adsorbed energy is measured by difference between the capacities or voltages of the batteries and a reference value; the larger the difference between the capacities or the voltages of the batteries and the reference value is, the more the input or absorbed energy is; and conversely, the smaller the difference between the capacities or the voltages of the batteries and the reference value is, the less the input or absorbed energy is. The energy storage reservoir is a multi-input multi-output multi-port energy reservoir, can simultaneously adsorb energy from a plurality of batteries with high capacities and also can simultaneously output energy to a plurality of batteries with low energy. Energy balance among battery monomers in a series battery pack is realized in an energy converting and deploying manner.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to charging and discharging lithium battery technical field, relate to a kind of series battery charge balance control method based on Multi-coil transformer.
Background technology
The charge balancing control mode of series battery is a lot, and each have their own feature and processing mode, applicable object is also not quite similar, and is mostly suitable for the series battery of middle and small scale.From above typical control mode, obviously, the Balance route technology of non-energy consumption formula is developing direction from now on; The equalization efficiency of energy conversion formula specific energy transfer type can be higher, and the balance control time is also shorter; The equilibrium of reversible is faster than unidirectional.Participating in balanced energy has with transfer or exchanged form between adjacent cell, as utilized " flying capacitance " or inductance to shift energy between adjacent cell, or changes the adjacent energy content of battery etc. with C ú k energy converter; Also there is the power conversion mode between battery and charging bus, as utilized repeatedly level Single switch transformer mode, realizing the power conversion of one-to-many; Or utilize independent transformer to realize changing between many batteries and bus.
But the balance control method of these non-energy consumption formulas, no matter be transfer type or change type, control switch quantity is many, and greatly, control logic is complicated for electric current and voltage stress.For balanced between adjacent cell, when number of batteries is many, time for balance is long; Use many secondary coil transformer or independent transformer, the equilibrium of one-to-many can be realized, improve balancing speed, but unidirectional Balance route can only be realized, cannot realize the direct Balance route between multi-to-multi battery, balanced energy cannot need by respective the exchange realizing multi-to-multi.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect existed in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of series battery charge balance control method based on Multi-coil transformer, the method is based on the charge balancing energy conversion technology of Multi-coil transformer, simplify control logic, the balancing energy realizing the multi-to-multi of series battery controls.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
Based on a battery pack balancing control method for Multi-coil transformer, comprise the following steps:
1) the invention provides a kind of balanced charging method, the method comprises the transformer of a multi-coil, this transformer is energy accumulator, the polarity winding of all coils of this transformer is all identical, the each coil of this transformer is by a battery cell in the corresponding series battery of an energy converter, and connected mode as shown in Figure 1.
2) energy converter principle is made up of to a corresponding coil of multi-coil converter a field effect transistor switch pipe (MOSFET pipe), the on off state of MOSFET pipe is determined by the control signal of its grid, and determines the direction of energy conversion; When the grid input pulse width adjustable signal (PWM) of MOSFET pipe, energy converter inputs stored energy to Multi-coil transformer; When the grid of MOSFET pipe connects low level, then coil transformer exports energy to energy converter; The control signal of MOSFET pipe grid level, from the judgement to battery cell electricity, is determined by the voltage of series battery cells or battery charge state.Wherein, backward diode in MOSFET pipe switch element inclusion body;
3) according to voltage or the battery charge state of each battery of series battery, by control logic, a point stream translation is implemented to the series battery monomer of relatively high (higher than mean value), as shown in Figure 2, corresponding coil is defined as input electric energy coil, the grid input pwm signal of energy converter breaker in middle element, in pwm signal, the size of duty ratio is determined by the voltage of series battery monomer or carrying capacity; The size of energy drain is directly proportional to the electricity of cell, and electricity is more, and energy drain is also more;
3) according to voltage or the battery charge state of each battery of series battery, by control logic, the series battery monomer of relatively low (subaverage) is implemented to conflux conversion, as shown in Figure 3, corresponding coil is defined as electric energy output winding, the grid input low level signal of energy converter breaker in middle element, switch element disconnects, backward diode in switch element is made rectifying tube and is used, Energy transmission in transformer is to the low electricity monomer of series battery, the size of energy of confluxing and the electricity of cell are inversely proportional to, electricity is fewer, the energy confluxed is more,
4) basic charge equalization unit is made up of a series battery monomer and an energy converter, and the coil combination Multi-coil transformer of energy converter is an energy common pool, as shown in Figure 4; The corresponding balance charge/discharge unit of each battery cell of series battery, is made up of a tapped coil of Multi-coil transformer band, the switch MOS FET pipe of a band body diode, inductance, a diode.Circuit is symmetrical, and the turn ratio of coil is identical.The value of inductance and the number of turn of coil, coil inductance are relevant.Switching tube Q is driven by pwm pulse signal, and pwm signal is then exported by the intelligent controller of battery.As shown in Figure 4, B1, B2 in figure ... Bn is series battery, and TR is Multi-coil transformer, l1, l2 ... ln is inductance, and this inductance one end connects the positive pole of battery cell, and the other end connects Multi-coil transformer Same Name of Ends.D11, D12 ... D1n is transformer reset diode, Q1, Q2 ... Qn is switch MOS FER pipe, band body diode in this pipe, the grid of switch mosfet pipe connects intelligent controller, the voltage of series battery is detected by intelligent controller, the real time electrical quantity of each battery cell is calculated by intelligent controller, whether decide it according to the size of battery cell electricity is shunting battery cell, still conflux battery cell, and determine whether thus to provide pwm signal to manage to switch MOS FET, therefore, it is functionally a circuit can shunted and can conflux, and require that circuit has symmetry, double-direction control can be realized, naturally resetting of transformer, circuit stability works,
5) equalization charging circuit be made up of multiple elementary cell forms the charging circuit of series battery, work under unified sequential, high Electronic power batteries monomer, through energy converter, to Multi-coil transformer conveying capacity, be equivalent in its energy common pool of stored energy, in another sequential, concentrated energy is through the battery cell conveying capacity of energy converter to low electricity.Thus the power conversion between the battery cell realizing multi-to-multi, to realize the equalizing charge between series battery cells monomer.
6) in basis equalization unit, based on a second-level intelligence closed loop control method, more accurate balanced Based Intelligent Control is realized by the frequency controlling pwm signal with duty ratio, as shown in Figure 5.The battery automatic equalization Based Intelligent Control of application Multi-coil transformer adopts secondary closed-loop control.Wherein one-level is that current source controls, and another level is fuzzy intelligence Balance route.
The control of current source, is applicable to charge balancing.Its control strategy is as follows: application look-up table or application fuzzy reasoning method, according to the data of the battery pack charging status integrated value as voltage or battery SOC, to the charging current optimal control in addition of battery pack, to obtain best charging current value, the setting at the corresponding levels charge characteristic mainly for allowing charging current more be applicable to battery;
The fuzzy intelligence Balance route of cell, is applicable in charge and discharge process, as Fig. 6.Its control strategy is comparing according to measured battery status data and reference voltage, fuzzy reasoning goes out optimum frequency and the duty ratio of switching tube drive singal, to obtain best shunt current and to conflux electric current, thus consistent with the equilibrium of the fastest velocity interpolation battery charging and discharging.
Further preferably, the equalizing charge of the multi-to-multi based on basis equalization charhing unit, also can carry out modularization.Such as a string battery pack containing M × N number of battery, can be divided into M module, each module is made up of N number of battery, even also can divide in module again, carries out the cascade of modular manner, as shown in Figure 7.Thus, the dynamic lithium battery of a large number of tandem one-tenth just divide into the module of smallest number, thus reduces risk and the difficulty of design, is conducive to the speed and the efficiency that improve equalizing circuit, simplifies control, reduce the stress of voltage and electric current.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of series battery equalization control module.Using three basis equalization unit as a module in figure, implement equalization scheme; Then each module can regard again the larger battery of a voltage as, then applies corresponding balanced way, forms larger module, carries out Balance route.The Balance route strategy of comprising modules thus.Here module number is a signal, and the quantity in actual module needs to determine by designing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is based on high frequency electric source energy conversion theory, the power conversion higher than reference value to Multi-coil transformer, store in the mode of magnetic energy, then for the battery that energy is lower provides energy.Under unified driving signal controlling, this technology also allows multiple battery cell to provide electric energy simultaneously, and is converted to magnetic energy storage, reoffers to other multiple battery needing additional-energy, thus realizes the Balance route of multi-to-multi.Finally construct Based Intelligent Control Two-stage control pattern, the cascaded equalization realizing large number of tandem battery pack controls.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is energy common pool structural representation;
Fig. 2 is cell shunt conversion;
Fig. 3 is that battery confluxes conversion;
Fig. 4 is balanced charge and discharge element circuit topology;
Fig. 5 is battery charging control block diagram;
Fig. 6 is cell control model schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the unit cascaded figure of equalization control module;
Fig. 8 is the pattern experiment schematic diagram of equalization methods;
Fig. 9 is E
j>=U
mtime cell body current distributing size figure;
Figure 10 is E
j≤ U
mtime cell body electric current to conflux size figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
According to technical solution of the present invention and control method, construct the circuit topology shown in Fig. 8, TS-LFP40AHA lithium battery selected by series battery; Battery management system chip selects AVG single-chip microcomputer, output PWM able to programme or control signal; Switch mosfet pipe selects the IRLL2705 of low-voltage and high-current to manage, and transformer forms according to the parameter self-control obtained after optimization, and the circular ferrite 3C81 magnetic core being suitable for high frequency selected by magnetic core, and size is TL42/26/13, and AWG25 selected by coil, totally 16 circles.Switching frequency elects 10kHz-50kHz as.The tactful voltage U of equalizing charge
mselection is from 3.9V, dynamically progressively brings up to 4.2V again according to equilibrium situation.The charged state of each battery cell of series battery is detected by voltage check device and sends battery management system to, and provides the driving of corresponding pwm pulse or closing switch pipe, thus makes corresponding battery cell select to carry out shunting or confluxing.Experiment primary data is as follows:
Table 1
Battery | BAT1 | BAT2 | BAT3 | BAT4 | BAT5 | BAT6 | BAT7 |
Initial voltage (v) | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
Constant current charge electric current (A) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Each voltage of experiment series battery is as shown in table 1, and the electric current supposing to enter battery is just, the electric current flowing out battery is negative.Fig. 9 is E
j>=U
mtime shunt current figure.
As seen from Figure 10, in switch conduction times, electric current increases linearly over time, E
jthe slope of the electric current of larger cell body is comparatively large, illustrates that its shunt current is more.Figure 10 is E
j≤ U
mshi Huiliu map of current.
In Figure 10, in switch conduction times, the energy separated from point galvanic battery is entirely delivered to the cell body of low voltage.And the cell body of different voltage, with E
jincrease, the slope of electric current is less.This illustrates compared with the reference electric quantity of equalizing charge strategy, and requirement relatively reduces, so the electric current that needs conflux is also little.Experiment shows, the scheme of equalizing charge is effective.
By the mode that the high-frequency energy of Multi-coil transformer is changed, achieve energy and be transformed into lower monomer from compared with high monomer, thus reach the equalizing charge of whole battery pack.Experiment shows: after dynamically setting reference voltage, relatively high voltage monomer shunting contribution is larger, and the electric current of relatively low monomer absorption is comparatively large, also more neatly by the size of the electric current of by-pass cock frequency adjustment transfer, can finally reach the object of dynamic equalization simultaneously.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1., based on a battery pack balancing control method for Multi-coil transformer, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) transformer of a multi-coil is comprised, this transformer is the energy accumulator of multiport, the polarity winding of all coils of this transformer is all identical, and each coil of this transformer is by a battery cell in the corresponding series battery of an energy converter;
2) energy converter principle is made up of to a corresponding coil of multi-coil converter a field effect transistor switch pipe, the on off state of MOSFET pipe is determined by the control signal of its grid, and determines the direction of energy conversion; When the grid input pulse width adjustable signal of MOSFET pipe, energy converter inputs stored energy to Multi-coil transformer; When the grid of MOSFET pipe connects low level, then coil transformer exports energy to energy converter; The control signal of MOSFET pipe grid level, from the judgement to battery cell electricity, is determined by the voltage of series battery cells or battery charge state; Wherein, backward diode in MOSFET pipe switch element inclusion body;
3) according to voltage or the battery charge state of each battery of series battery, by control logic, a point stream translation is implemented to the series battery monomer of relatively high (higher than mean value), corresponding coil is defined as input electric energy coil, the grid input pwm signal of energy converter breaker in middle element, in pwm signal, the size of duty ratio is determined by the voltage of series battery monomer or carrying capacity; The size of energy drain is directly proportional to the electricity of cell, and electricity is more, and energy drain is also more;
4) according to voltage or the battery charge state of each battery of series battery, by control logic, relatively low series battery monomer is implemented to conflux conversion, corresponding coil is defined as electric energy output winding, the grid input low level signal of energy converter breaker in middle element, switch element disconnects, backward diode in switch element is made rectifying tube and is used, Energy transmission in transformer is to the low electricity monomer of series battery, the size of energy of confluxing and the electricity of cell are inversely proportional to, electricity is fewer, and the energy confluxed is more.
2. the battery pack balancing control method based on Multi-coil transformer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the equalization methods of balanced unit comprises:
1) basic charge equalization unit is made up of a series battery monomer and an energy converter, the coil combination Multi-coil transformer of energy converter, be an energy common pool, the corresponding balance charge/discharge unit of each battery cell of series battery, is made up of a tapped coil of Multi-coil transformer band, the switch MOS FET pipe of a band body diode, inductance, a diode, circuit is symmetrical, and the turn ratio of coil is identical, the value of inductance and the number of turn of coil, coil inductance are relevant, switching tube Q is driven by pwm pulse signal, and pwm signal is then exported by the intelligent controller of battery, B1, B2 ... Bn is series battery, TR is Multi-coil transformer, l1, l2 ... ln is inductance, this inductance one end connects the positive pole of battery cell, and the other end connects Multi-coil transformer Same Name of Ends, D11, D12 ... D1n is transformer reset diode, Q1, Q2 ... Qn is switch MOS FER pipe, band body diode in this pipe, the grid of switch mosfet pipe connects intelligent controller, the voltage of series battery is detected by intelligent controller, the real time electrical quantity of each battery cell is calculated by intelligent controller, whether decide it according to the size of battery cell electricity is shunting battery cell, still conflux battery cell, and determine whether thus to provide pwm signal to manage to switch MOS FET, therefore, it is functionally a circuit can shunted and can conflux, and require that circuit has symmetry, double-direction control can be realized, naturally resetting of transformer, circuit stability works,
2) equalization charging circuit be made up of multiple elementary cell forms the charging circuit of series battery, work under unified sequential, high Electronic power batteries monomer, through energy converter, to Multi-coil transformer conveying capacity, be equivalent in its energy common pool of stored energy, in another sequential, concentrated energy is through the battery cell conveying capacity of energy converter to low electricity; Thus the power conversion between the battery cell realizing multi-to-multi, to realize the equalizing charge between series battery cells monomer;
3) in basis equalization unit, based on a second-level intelligence closed loop control method, realize more accurate balanced Based Intelligent Control by the frequency controlling pwm signal with duty ratio, the battery automatic equalization Based Intelligent Control of application Multi-coil transformer adopts secondary closed-loop control; Wherein one-level is that current source controls, and another level is fuzzy intelligence Balance route;
The control of current source, is applicable to charge balancing; Its control strategy is as follows: application look-up table or application fuzzy reasoning method, according to the data of the battery pack charging status integrated value as voltage or battery SOC, to the charging current optimal control in addition of battery pack, to obtain best charging current value, the setting at the corresponding levels charge characteristic mainly for allowing charging current more be applicable to battery;
The fuzzy intelligence Balance route of cell, be applicable in charge and discharge process, its control strategy is comparing according to measured battery status data and reference voltage, fuzzy reasoning goes out optimum frequency and the duty ratio of switching tube drive singal, to obtain best shunt current and to conflux electric current, thus consistent with the equilibrium of the fastest velocity interpolation battery charging and discharging.
3. the battery pack balancing control method based on Multi-coil transformer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, comprise as follows:
The equalizing charge of the multi-to-multi based on basis equalization charhing unit, carries out modularization; Such as a string battery pack containing M × N number of battery, be divided into M module, each module is made up of N number of battery, even also divides in module again, carries out the cascade of modular manner; Thus, the dynamic lithium battery of a large number of tandem one-tenth just divide into the module of smallest number, thus reduces risk and the difficulty of design, is conducive to the speed and the efficiency that improve equalizing circuit, simplifies control, reduce the stress of voltage and electric current;
Using three basis equalization unit as a module, implement equalization scheme; Then each module can regard again the larger battery of a voltage as, then applies corresponding balanced way, forms larger module, carries out Balance route; The Balance route strategy of comprising modules thus; Here module number is a signal, and the quantity in actual module needs to determine by designing.
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CN106451686A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 东莞力朗电池科技有限公司 | Battery pack equalization circuit |
CN106602615A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | Battery-pack active equalization cascade system and equalization method thereof |
CN109120032A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-01 | 付雪阳 | A kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube |
CN114643869A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-06-21 | 清华大学 | Battery pack and management method of battery pack |
US20220416549A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-12-29 | Hefei Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. | Active equalization circuit, battery management system, power source system, and electronic device |
WO2023040448A1 (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-23 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Energy storage system, uninterruptible power supply, and battery balancing method |
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Cited By (8)
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CN106602615A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | Battery-pack active equalization cascade system and equalization method thereof |
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