CN109120032A - A kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube - Google Patents
A kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN109120032A CN109120032A CN201811006068.5A CN201811006068A CN109120032A CN 109120032 A CN109120032 A CN 109120032A CN 201811006068 A CN201811006068 A CN 201811006068A CN 109120032 A CN109120032 A CN 109120032A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 273
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H02J7/0026—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to electronic circuit technology fields, disclose a kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube, the inverter circuit including being sequentially connected in series and n charhing unit PCU；I-th of charhing unit PCUiIncluding storage capacitor CiWith energy-storage module PSUi；Inverter circuit is used to export bipolar voltage to directly connected charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1It charges；N concatenated charhing unit PCU pass through storage capacitor Ci and energy-storage module PSU in the polarity of voltage reversion process of inverter circuitiBetween and energy-storage module PSUiWith storage capacitor Ci+1Between energy transfer realize each energy-storage module PSUiBetween electric voltage equalization；Circuit structure of the present invention is simple, without complicated component, is shifted by capacitive energy and realizes electric voltage equalization, method is simple, balancing speed is fast, and energy loss is small and utilization rate is high, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic circuit technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube.
Background technique
In alternating current circuit, inactivity, energy consumption, the component for being served only for energy exchange are known as energy-storage travelling wave tube, common
Energy-storage travelling wave tube include supercapacitor and secondary cell.
Supercapacitor (Supercapacitors, ultra-capacitor) also known as electrochemical capacitor
(Electrochemical Capacitors), double layer capacitor (Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor),
Gold capacitor, farad capacitor, be grow up from the 1970s and 1980s in last century by polarized electrolytic matter come a kind of electricity of energy storage
Chemical component.Super capacitor has the capacity of super large, can be hundreds of thousands of time with repeated charge, be widely used in rail traffic,
The multiple fields such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, electric car.In practical applications, due to the voltage of super capacitor monomer work
It is not high, thus usually require multiple supercapacitors supercapacitor group in series, recomposition energy storage device, to meet reality
The stored energy capacitance of border application and the demand of voltage class.
Due to the dispersibility of same model super capacitor characteristics parameter, in the normal charge and discharge of supercapacitor group being composed in series
Under electricity or standby mode, voltage will appear unbalanced problem between monomer supercapacitor, or even can be because overcharging and putting more
And the permanent damages of supercapacitor are caused, so that energy storage device fails.Therefore, in order to enable series capacitance group to reach
Maximum capacity utilization, while a possibility that reduce capacitance damage to the greatest extent, extend the service life of capacitance group, it is necessary to series connection
Capacitor cell in capacitance group carries out voltage balance management.
Currently, the series voltage balancing technique of supercapacitor mainly has two class of energy consumption type and Energy Transfer.Energy disappears
The Typical Representative of consumption method is switch-resistance method, is the most method of current industrial application, simple, at low cost etc. excellent with structure
Point, but balanced energy has considerable part to be dissipated on resistance, and circuit efficiency is lower.Energy Transfer, which mainly has, " flies degree capacitor
Method ", traditional multiwinding transformer method, DC-DC converter method etc., work efficiency is high for Energy Transfer, and capacitance voltage presses speed
Degree is fast, but increases compared with multicomponent device and switch, and circuit structure and control method are complicated, higher cost.
Secondary cell also known as battery are commonly called as that rechargeable battery can be repeated several times, and are widely used in industry, agricultural, military, quotient
Industry and civil field, nearly all occasion using electric energy can all use battery.Especially electric car etc. " green " traffic
Tool is greatly developed, and the development of battery industry and the relevant technologies is more promoted.Secondary cell mainly has nickel-cadmium cell, alkali
The types such as manganese rechargeable battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium (ion)/the poly- battery of lithium, lead storage battery.
In practical application, for the operating voltage and current requirements for meeting the powerful devices such as electric car, it is necessary to by monomer
Battery is used in series, and to improve the output voltage of battery pack, bigger battery capacity can be obtained by being used in series.But in battery
In production process, since there are inconsistent, some differences are still had in battery pack between each basic unit on material and technique.
In series-connected cell group use process, when some battery units are fully charged, and other units, it is still necessary to continue to charge, this makes
The unit that electricity must be had been filled with overcharges electrical phenomena, and overcharge generates very detrimental effect to battery.On the contrary, long-term charging
Insufficient battery declines accumulator capacity, and internal resistance increases, and substantially reduces battery life.Therefore, during the charging process, how
Weaken or eliminate battery overcharge with undercharge phenomenon, that is, battery equalisation technology, be the industries such as electric car hair
One of key technology of exhibition.
Similar with super capacitor, the existing balancing technique of battery is divided into energy-dissipating balancing technique and non-energy dissipates
Type balancing technique.It discharges as load battery in battery both ends parallel resistance, referred to as energy-dissipating balanced way.It is high
The electric discharge of voltage single battery, voltage approaches low-voltage battery unit, so that the capacity difference in balancing battery group between each monomer, excellent
Point is that easy to operate, speed is fast, high reliablity, the disadvantage is that efficiency is too low, capacity usage ratio is not high, while there is also heat managements
Problem.The basic ideas of energy non-dissipative type balancing technique are one equalizing circuit of each battery units in parallel, equilibrium electricity
The voltage difference of this battery unit Yu other battery units is compared on road, and energy is then transferred to low electricity from the battery unit of high voltage
The battery unit of pressure, that is, energy is transmitted or shifted between single battery each in battery pack.Presently, there are
The circuit topological structure of a variety of forms is essentially all shunt inductance, several semiconductor power switch devices on battery unit
Part, voltage detecting circuit and control circuit, efficiency is relatively high, and portfolio effect is good, but balancing speed is slow, at high cost, reliability
Lower than energy-dissipating technology.
In conclusion the electric voltage equalization technology of existing energy-storage travelling wave tube includes energy consumption type and two kinds of non-energy consumption type, energy consumption type
There are balanced energies to have considerable part to be dissipated on resistance for voltage balance circuit, and capacity usage ratio is not high, and circuit efficiency is lower
Problem；That there are circuit structure and control methods is complicated for non-energy consumption type voltage balance circuit, balancing speed is slow, higher cost lacks
It falls into, therefore all can not effectively solve the problems, such as the electric voltage equalization of energy-storage travelling wave tube.
Summary of the invention
For at least one defect or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of equal piezoelectricity of energy-storage travelling wave tube
Automatically equalizing voltage of the energy-storage travelling wave tube in charging, discharge process is realized based on capacitive energy principle of transfer in road, and being provided simultaneously with can consumption
The advantages of with non-two kinds of circuits of energy consumption type, circuit structure is simple, and pressure rate is fast, cost is relatively low.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube is provided, including
The inverter circuit and n charhing unit PCU being sequentially connected in series；I-th of charhing unit PCUiIncluding storage capacitor CiWith energy storage mould
Block PSUi；First charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1First end, energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal with it is described
The output end of inverter circuit is connected；Storage capacitor CiSecond end respectively with energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal, storage capacitor
Ci+1First end be connected；Energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end respectively with storage capacitor Ci+1First end, energy-storage module
PSUi+1The second input terminal be connected；Wherein, n is the natural number for being less than or equal to 1000 greater than 1；I is to be less than or equal to n more than or equal to 1
Natural number；
The inverter circuit is for exporting bipolar voltage；When exporting negative voltage, inverter circuit is filled to coupled
Electric unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1Charging；Charhing unit PCUiIn energy-storage module PSUiIt is greater than in its voltage coupled
Charhing unit PCUi+1In storage capacitor Ci+1Voltage when to the storage capacitor Ci+1Charging；
When exporting positive voltage, inverter circuit and storage capacitor C1It is greater than energy-storage module PSU in the sum of its voltage1Voltage
When to the energy-storage module PSU1Charging；Charhing unit PCUi+1In storage capacitor Ci+1It is greater than energy-storage module in its voltage
PSUi+1Voltage when to the energy-storage module PSUi+1Charging；
N concatenated charhing unit PCU pass through storage capacitor Ci and storage in the polarity of voltage reversion process of inverter circuit
It can module PSUiBetween and energy-storage module PSUiWith storage capacitor Ci+1Between energy transfer realize each energy-storage module PSUiIt
Between electric voltage equalization.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, inverter circuit include first voltage output channel and second voltage output channel,
The storage capacitor CiIncluding the first capacitor C being connected with the first voltage output channeli1It is exported with the second voltage
The second connected capacitor C of channeli2；The first capacitor Ci1With the second capacitor Ci2Inverter circuit or energy-storage module are received simultaneously
PSUi-1Output voltage, and to energy-storage module PSUiIt charges.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, inverter circuit include first voltage output channel, second voltage output channel and
Storage capacitor C0i, the first voltage output channel and first charhing unit PCU1It is connected, second voltage output channel passes through
The storage capacitor C0i and n-th of charhing unit PCUnIt is connected；
Inverter circuit is by two voltage output channels simultaneously to first charhing unit PCU1With n-th of charhing unit
PCUnTwo-way charging is carried out to accelerate the electric voltage equalization speed between charging rate and n charhing unit.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, inverter circuit further include tertiary voltage output channel, the 4th voltage output channel
With storage capacitor C0i；The tertiary voltage output channel, the 4th voltage output channel pass through storage capacitor C0i and fill with n-th
Electric unit PCUnIt is connected；
Inverter circuit is by tertiary voltage output channel and the 4th voltage output channel simultaneously to n-th of charhing unit PCUn
It charges to accelerate electric voltage equalization speed between charging rate and n charhing unit.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, energy-storage module PSUiIncluding energy-storage travelling wave tube, comparison circuit and the first electronic switch
K1；The first end of the comparison circuit is connected with the first end of energy-storage travelling wave tube, the first end of second end and the first electronic switch K1
It is connected；The second end of the first electronic switch K1 is connected with the second end of energy-storage travelling wave tube, third end and storage capacitor CiIt is connected；
The comparison circuit is used to detect the voltage value of energy-storage travelling wave tube and is compared the voltage value with predeterminated voltage,
The first electronic switch K1 conducting is controlled when voltage value is less than the predeterminated voltage, makes to be formed between inverter circuit and energy-storage travelling wave tube
Charging path is to ensure that energy-storage travelling wave tube charges normal；The first electronic switch is controlled when voltage value is more than or equal to the predeterminated voltage
K1 is disconnected to block the charging path, and energy-storage travelling wave tube is made to stop charging.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit further includes direct-flow input end mouth, the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3
With the 4th electronic switch K4；
The first end of the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronic switch K4 and external control electricity
Road is connected, for receiving external driving signal to control being opened or closed for each electronic switch；Second electronic switch
The second end of K2 is connected with the positive terminal of direct-flow input end mouth, third end respectively with the second end of third electronic switch K3, the 4th
The third end of electronic switch K4, the electrode input end of inverter circuit are connected；The third end of the third electronic switch K3, the 4th electricity
The second end of sub switch K4 with n-th of charhing unit PCUnPositive terminal be connected；The negative pole end of the direct-flow input end mouth point
Not with the negative input of inverter circuit, first charhing unit PCU1Negative pole end be connected；
It is closed the second electronic switch K2 and disconnects third electronic switch K3, the 4th electronic switch K4, make inverter circuit to n
Charhing unit PCU charges；
It is closed the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and disconnects the 4th electronic switch K4, make direct-flow input end mouth
It charges simultaneously to n charhing unit PCU with inverter circuit, accelerates charging rate；
In n charhing unit PCU discharge process, the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and closure the 4th are disconnected
The positive terminal of electronic switch K4, n charhing unit PCU pass through the electrode input end of the 4th electronic switch K4 connection inverter circuit, n
The negative input of the negative pole end connection inverter circuit of a charhing unit PCU；The output voltage of n charhing unit PCU is applied to
Inverter circuit realizes the electric voltage equalization in discharge process so that inverter circuit charges to n charhing unit PCU.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, energy-storage module PSUiFurther include and the concatenated inductance L of the energy-storage travelling wave tubei1With
Several filter modules；The filter module includes and the concatenated inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tubei2, and the filter in parallel with energy-storage travelling wave tube
Wave capacitor Ci0。
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit is polarity free capacitor, other energy storage with the storage capacitor that inverter circuit is connected directly
Capacitor is nonpolarity or unipolarity capacitor.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, storage capacitor CiIt is formed in series and parallel for capacitor monomer or by multiple capacitor monomers
Capacitor heap body.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, storage capacitor CiCapacity type include but is not limited to electrolytic capacitor, tantalum electricity
Hold.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, the waveform of the bipolar voltage of inverter circuit output include but is not limited to sine
Wave, square wave, triangular wave.
Preferably, above-mentioned equalizer circuit, the first electronic switch K1, the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and
4th electronic switch K4 includes but is not limited to IGBT, MOSFET, thyristor, and the first end of each electronic switch is gate pole, second end
For collector, third end is emitter.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
(1) equalizer circuit of a kind of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, it is alternately bipolar that inverter circuit exports positive-negative polarity
Property voltage, the storage capacitor charging when exporting negative voltage into coupled charhing unit, storage capacitor is by the negative voltage
Positive voltage is converted to so that the sum of the positive voltage and the voltage of storage capacitor of inverter output are greater than original electricity of energy-storage module
Pressure realizes the charging to energy-storage module；Energy-storage module is greater than the electricity of the storage capacitor in adjacent charhing unit in its operating voltage
It charges when pressure to the storage capacitor；The storage capacitor charges to the energy-storage module being located in same charhing unit with it；In inversion
In the polarity of voltage reversion process of circuit, by between the storage capacitor and energy-storage module in same charhing unit and the storage
The energy transfer between storage capacitor in energy module and adjacent charhing unit realizes the electric voltage equalization between each energy-storage module；
The present invention is provided simultaneously with the advantages of energy two kinds of circuits of consumption and non-energy consumption type, and circuit structure is simple, without complicated component, passes through electricity
Hold energy transfer and realize electric voltage equalization, method is simple, balancing speed is fast, and energy loss is small and utilization rate is high, at low cost；
(2) equalizer circuit of a kind of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, inverter circuit are right simultaneously by two current channels
First charhing unit in several concatenated charhing units charges, and/or simultaneously by two current channels
To be located at several concatenated charhing units in the last one charhing unit charge, can significantly improve charging rate with
And the electric voltage equalization speed between each charhing unit, the charging electricity of energy-storage travelling wave tube can be further decreased by adjusting circuit parameter
Flow liner wave；
(3) equalizer circuit of a kind of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, in the work for reaching energy-storage travelling wave tube in charging process
When voltage, disconnected between inverter circuit and energy-storage module automatically by comparison circuit in each energy-storage module and the first electronic switch
Current path, stop charging to energy-storage travelling wave tube, prevent to overcharge electrical phenomena, improve charging security and energy-storage travelling wave tube
Service life；
(4) equalizer circuit of a kind of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, by controlling the second electronic switch K2, third electronics
Switch K3's and the 4th electronic switch K4 is opened or closed, it can be achieved that inverter circuit is individually to the charging of each charhing unit, inversion electricity
Road and direct-flow input end simultaneously charge to each charhing unit, and then accelerate the charging rate of energy-storage travelling wave tube；In addition, in energy-storage travelling wave tube
Discharge process in, the positive terminal of each charhing unit is connected to the anode of inverter circuit by the 4th electronic switch K4 of closure
Input terminal, the equalizaing charge for making the output voltage of charhing unit be applied to inverter circuit to realize inverter circuit to charhing unit,
And then realize the electric voltage equalization in discharge process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of equalizer circuit provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of energy-storage module provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the electrical block diagram of comparison circuit provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of DC power supply provided by the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of another equalizer circuit provided by the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram for the basic model equalizer circuit that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of symmetric form equalizer circuit provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram for the synchronous equalizer circuit of dual-port that the embodiment of the present invention three provides；
Fig. 9 is the synchronous equalizer circuit of the dual-port based on single input and multi-output transformer that the embodiment of the present invention four provides
Structural schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is that the symmetric form dual-port based on single input and multi-output transformer that the embodiment of the present invention five provides synchronizes
The structural schematic diagram of volt circuit.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, this is pressed
Circuit includes the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series and n charhing unit PCU；I-th of charhing unit PCUiIncluding storage capacitor Ci
With energy-storage module PSUi；First charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1First end, energy-storage module PSU1Second input
End is connected with the output end of the inverter circuit；Storage capacitor CiSecond end respectively with energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal,
Storage capacitor Ci+1First end be connected；Energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end respectively with storage capacitor Ci+1First end, storage
It can module PSUi+1The second input terminal be connected；Energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUnThe first output end
Voltage output end as entire charhing unit；Wherein, n is the natural number for being less than or equal to 1000 greater than 1；I is small more than or equal to 1
In the natural number for being equal to n；
Inverter circuit is used to export bipolar voltage to directly connected charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1
It charges；N concatenated charhing unit PCU pass through storage capacitor Ci and storage in the polarity of voltage reversion process of inverter circuit
It can module PSUiBetween and energy-storage module PSUiWith storage capacitor Ci+1Between energy transfer realize each energy-storage module PSUiIt
Between electric voltage equalization during the charging process.
In a preferred embodiment, energy-storage module PSUiIncluding energy-storage travelling wave tube, comparison circuit and the first electronic switch
K1；The first end of comparison circuit is connected with the first end of energy-storage travelling wave tube, and second end is connected with the first end of the first electronic switch K1；
The second end of the first electronic switch K1 is connected with the second end of energy-storage travelling wave tube, third end and storage capacitor CiSecond end,
The output end of inverter circuit is connected；The energy-storage travelling wave tube is supercapacitor or secondary cell.
Comparison circuit is used to detect the voltage value of energy-storage travelling wave tube and is compared the voltage value with preset voltage rating,
The first electronic switch K1 conducting is controlled when voltage value is less than preset voltage rating, makes shape between inverter circuit and energy-storage travelling wave tube
At access to ensure that energy-storage travelling wave tube charges normal；The first electronic switch is controlled when voltage value is more than or equal to preset voltage rating
K1 is disconnected, and energy-storage travelling wave tube is made to stop charging, prevents energy-storage travelling wave tube from overcharging electrical phenomena, improves charging security and energy storage member
The service life of part.
In a preferred embodiment, energy-storage module PSUiFurther include and the concatenated filter inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tube1If with
Dry filter module；Filter module includes and the concatenated filter inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tube2, and the filtering in parallel with energy-storage travelling wave tube
Capacitor C0.The quantity of filter module can be 0 to 100 and differ depending on application needs, under normal circumstances, filter mould
Number of blocks is that one or two can meet filtering demands.Filter capacitor C0The capacitor that can be any common type, is generally adopted
Use electrolytic capacitor.
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of energy-storage module provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, energy-storage module packet
Include energy-storage travelling wave tube, filter inductance L1, filter module, 555 voltage comparator circuits and the first electronic switch K1；Filter inductance L11Mainly
For reducing the ripple of energy-storage travelling wave tube charging current, keep charging effect more preferable；
Filter module includes and the concatenated filter inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tube2, and the filter capacitor C in parallel with energy-storage travelling wave tube0；
Filter inductance L1First end and the second diode D12Cathode be connected, second end respectively with filter inductance L2First end, filter
Wave capacitor C0First end be connected；Filter inductance L2Second end be connected with the first input end of energy-storage travelling wave tube；Filter capacitor C0's
Second end respectively with first diode D11Anode, energy-storage travelling wave tube the second input terminal be connected.Storage capacitor C0It is defeated for storing
The electric energy entered, and pass through filter inductance L2By electrical energy transportation to energy-storage travelling wave tube；Filter inductance L2For the charging of energy-storage travelling wave tube is electric
The amplitude of stream is limited within allowed band, and reduces the ripple of charging current.
555 voltage comparator circuits can automatically generate a preset load voltage value, not need additionally to increase by one in advance
Set DC source；555 voltage comparator circuits detect the voltage value between the first input end and the second input terminal of energy-storage travelling wave tube, when this
When voltage value is less than the voltage rating of the energy-storage travelling wave tube of setting, 555 voltage comparator circuit output cathode voltages, the first electricity of driving
Sub switch K1 conducting, charges normal energy-storage travelling wave tube；When the voltage value is greater than the voltage rating of the energy-storage travelling wave tube of setting, 555
Voltage comparator circuit output negative pole voltage, the first electronic switch K1 of driving are disconnected, and energy-storage travelling wave tube is made to stop charging；When the voltage
When value is equal to the voltage rating of the energy-storage travelling wave tube of setting, 555 voltage comparator circuits export no-voltage, and the first electronic switch K1 is disconnected
It opens, energy-storage travelling wave tube stops charging；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of 555 voltage comparator circuit provided by the invention；As shown in figure 3,555 voltage comparator circuit
Including DC power supply, lm555 chip, filter capacitor C10, resistance R1~R6；The port rst and the port VCC of lm555 chip with
The positive terminal of DC power supply connects；The port gnd of the lm555 chip cathode with the negative pole end of DC power supply, energy-storage travelling wave tube respectively
Connection；One end of resistance R1 and the positive terminal of DC power supply connect, and the other end is connect with the port dsch of lm555 chip；Resistance
One end of R3 is connect with the port thr of lm555 chip, and the anode of the other end and energy-storage travelling wave tube connects；One end of resistance R4 with
The port trig of lm555 chip connects, and the anode of the other end and energy-storage travelling wave tube connects；One end of R2 and the ctrl of lm555 chip
Port connection, the other end connect with one end of capacitor C10, resistance R6, resistance R5, the other end of capacitor C10 and resistance R6 and
The port gnd of lm555 chip connects, and the other end of resistance R5 and the anode of energy-storage travelling wave tube connect；The port out of lm555 chip
It is connect with the gate pole of the first electronic switch K1.By adjusting the resistance value of resistance R3 and R4, preset voltage rating can be modified
Value.First electronic switch K1 can be selected IGBT switching tube, MOSFET pipe or thyristor and realize switching function.
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram of DC power supply provided by the invention；As shown in figure 4, the DC power supply include alternating current source,
Single port transformer and diode rectifier bridge can export DC voltage and realize the peace between each charhing unit by transformer
Full isolation.
In order to further increase the charging rate of multiple charhing units, and electricity is realized in the discharge process of each charhing unit
Pressure is balanced, and equalizer circuit provided by the invention further includes direct current input module, the direct current input module include direct-flow input end mouth,
Second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronic switch K4；
As shown in figure 5, the second electronic switch K2 is master switch, the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th
The first end of electronic switch K4 is connected with external control circuit, for receiving external driving signal to control each electronic switch
It is opened or closed；The second end of second electronic switch K2 is connected with the positive terminal of direct-flow input end mouth, third end respectively with third
The second end of electronic switch K3, the third end of the 4th electronic switch K4, the electrode input end of inverter circuit are connected；Third electronic cutting
The second end at the third end, the 4th electronic switch K4 of closing K3 is connected with the positive terminal of n charhing unit PCU；Direct-flow input end
The negative pole end of mouth is connected with the negative pole end of the negative input of inverter circuit, n charhing unit PCU respectively；
There are three types of charge modes for equalizer circuit tool:
When being closed the second electronic switch K2 and disconnecting third electronic switch K3, the 4th electronic switch K4, by inverter circuit
It charges to n charhing unit PCU, referred to as inversion charge mode；
As the second electronic switch K2 of closure, third electronic switch K3 and disconnect the 4th electronic switch K4, direct-flow input end mouth
By the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 directly to charhing unit PCU DC charging；Inverter circuit is to n simultaneously
Charhing unit PCU charges, i.e. inversion charging and DC charging mode is run simultaneously, and it is single can to accelerate charging to a certain extent
The charging rate and efficiency of member.But DC charging mode operation overlong time will lead to the energy-storage travelling wave tube in each charhing unit
Charging voltage is not same or similar, therefore the runing time of DC charging mode cannot be too long, can be controlled according to operating experience
With the runing time for calculating DC charging mode.
During n charhing unit PCU charging complete, externally discharging, the second electronic switch K2, third electronics are disconnected
The positive terminal of switch K3 and closure the 4th electronic switch K4, n charhing unit PCU pass through the 4th electronic switch K4 connection inversion electricity
The electrode input end on road, the negative input of the negative pole end connection inverter circuit of n charhing unit PCU；N charhing unit PCU
Output voltage be applied to inverter circuit so that inverter circuit charges to n charhing unit PCU, inversion charge mode opens
It is dynamic, realize the electric voltage equalization of each energy-storage travelling wave tube during discharge.Second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electricity
Sub switch K4 can be selected IGBT switching tube, MOSFET pipe or thyristor and realize switching function.
The equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention has a variety of citation forms, including basic model equalizer circuit, right
The synchronous equalizer circuit of title type equalizer circuit, dual-port with and the synchronous equalizer circuit of symmetric form dual-port.Below with reference to embodiment and
Attached drawing is respectively described in detail the structure and working principle of these types of equalizer circuit.
Embodiment one
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of basic model equalizer circuit provided in this embodiment；As shown in fig. 6, the basic model is pressed
Circuit includes the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series, charhing unit PCU1With charhing unit PCU2；
Inverter circuit includes inverter Vin and resonant inductance L01；Inverter Vin is for exporting bipolar voltage；It fills
Electric unit PCU1Including energy-storage module PSU1, storage capacitor C1, first diode D11With the second diode D12；Charhing unit PCU2
Including energy-storage module PSU2, storage capacitor C2, first diode D21With the second diode D22；
Charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1First end pass through the first pole of resonant inductance L01 and inverter Vin
Property end be connected, storage capacitor C2First end and storage capacitor C1Second end with first diode D11Cathode, the two or two
Pole pipe D12Anode be connected；First diode D11Anode and energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；Second diode
D12Cathode and energy-storage module PSU1First input end and energy-storage module PSU2The second input terminal be connected；Inverter
The second polar end and energy-storage module PSU of Vin1The second input terminal be connected；Storage capacitor C2Second end respectively with the one or two pole
Pipe D21Cathode, the second diode D22Anode be connected；Energy-storage module PSU2First input end and the second diode D22Yin
Extremely it is connected, the second input terminal and energy-storage module PSU1First input end, the second diode D12Cathode and first diode
D21Anode be connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSU1The first output end be connected；The second polar end of inverter Vin
Ground connection, energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal ground connection, energy-storage module PSU2Electricity of first output end as entire charhing unit
Press output end.
The working principle of electric voltage equalization, which is illustrated, to be realized to equalizer circuit provided in this embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 6:
First duty cycle: inverter Vin exports negative voltage, and inverter Vin passes through first diode D11To energy storage
Capacitor C1Charging, (i.e. Vin=0), Vin=V at the end of chargingC1, first diode D11Cut-off blocks storage capacitor C1Electric discharge
Electric current；Meanwhile if storage capacitor C2Voltage be less than energy-storage module PSU1Voltage, VC2<VPSU1, energy-storage module PSU1Pass through
First diode D21It charges to storage capacitor C2, at the end of charging, VC2=VPSU1, first diode D21Cut-off blocks energy storage electricity
Hold C2Discharge current；If VC2≥VPSU1, then C2 is not charged；
Second duty cycle: inverter Vin exports positive voltage, and inverter Vin and storage capacitor C1 pass through the two or two
Pole pipe D12Give energy-storage module PSU1Charging, (i.e. Vin=0), Vin+V at the end of chargingC1=VPSU1, i.e. VPSU1=2Vin；Second
Diode D12Cut-off blocks energy-storage module PSU1Discharge current；Storage capacitor C1Effect be storage inverter Vin first
The negative voltage of duty cycle output and the positive voltage for being converted into for the second duty cycle, so that Vin(+)+VC1(+) is greater than energy storage
Module PSU1Original voltage, thus realize to energy-storage module PSU1Charging；VPSU1Indicate energy-storage module PSU1In filtered electrical
Hold C0Voltage.Meanwhile if the voltage of storage capacitor C2 is greater than energy-storage module PSU2Voltage, storage capacitor C2Pass through second
Diode D22To energy-storage module PSU2Charging；If VC2≤VPSU2, then energy-storage module PSU2It is not charged.At the end of charging, VC2
=VPSU2；Second diode D22Cut-off blocks energy-storage module PSU2Discharge current；Due in the first duty cycle, energy storage mould
Block PSU1Pass through first diode D21It charges to storage capacitor C2, at the end of charging, VC2=VPSU1, therefore VPSU1=VPSU2；
It can be seen that energy-storage module PSU1With energy-storage module PSU2Voltage automatically achieve equilibrium during the charging process；If
The number of charhing unit PCU is greater than two, charging process and above-mentioned PCU between other charhing units1、PCU2It is identical；First work
Make period and the second duty cycle alternately, the energy-storage module after several duty cycles, in each charhing unit PCU
The voltage of PSU can reach equilibrium.
Since the capacitance or stored energy capacitance of the energy-storage travelling wave tube in energy-storage module PSU are much larger than filter capacitor C0Capacitance
Or stored energy capacitance, therefore the voltage of energy-storage travelling wave tube increase speed (or during each duty cycle, the increase width of energy-storage travelling wave tube voltage
Degree) it is much smaller than filter capacitor C0, therefore filter capacitor C0It charges to energy-storage travelling wave tube always；When the duty cycle is enough, energy storage member
The voltage of part will very close or substantially equal to filter capacitor C0Voltage.Due to each energy-storage module PSU in entire circuit
Voltage it is equal, then the voltage of the energy-storage travelling wave tube in each energy-storage module PSU is also equal, to realize all energy-storage travelling wave tubes
Electric voltage equalization charging.
When the series connection output voltage of each charhing unit PCU reaches assigned voltage, charging terminates, and equalizer circuit stops work
Make.
Embodiment two
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of symmetric form equalizer circuit provided in this embodiment；As shown in fig. 7, the symmetric form is pressed
Circuit includes the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series, charhing unit PCU1With charhing unit PCU2；
The inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformer T1 and resonant inductance L02, resonant inductance L03；Charhing unit
PCU 1Including first capacitor C11, the second capacitor C12, first diode D11, the second diode D12, third diode D13, the four or two
Pole pipe D14；Charhing unit PCU2Including first capacitor C21, the second capacitor C22First diode D21, the second diode D22, third
Diode D23, the 4th diode D24；
Transformer T1 is single-input double-output transformer, the output end of inverter Vin and the primary side winding of transformer T1
It is connected, the Same Name of Ends C of the first vice-side winding of transformer T1 passes through resonant inductance L02 and charhing unit PCU1In first capacitor
C11First end be connected；The Same Name of Ends D of the second vice-side winding of transformer T1 passes through resonant inductance L03 and charhing unit PCU1In
The second capacitor C12First end be connected；The non-same polarity E of first vice-side winding and the second vice-side winding respectively with the one or two pole
Pipe D11Anode, third diode D13Anode, energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；First capacitor C11, the one or two
Pole pipe D11, the second diode D12, first capacitor C21, first diode D21, the second diode D22, energy-storage module PSU1, energy storage mould
Block PSU2Between connection relationship be the same as example 1, details are not described herein again；First capacitor in two charhing units and the
The positional relationship of two capacitors, first diode and third diode, the second diode and the 4th diode in symmetrical structure and
Function is identical, and details are not described herein again；
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in: by the transformer T1 of dual output by the output of inverter Vin
Voltage is divided into two-way, and the first vice-side winding of transformer T1 passes through first capacitor C as first voltage output channel11It is single to charging
First PCU1It charges；The second vice-side winding of transformer T1 passes through the second capacitor C as second voltage output channel12To charging
Unit PCU1It charges；Inverter Vin is equivalent to by two current channels simultaneously to charhing unit PCU1It charges,
Charging process is the same as example 1 with electric voltage equalization principle, and details are not described herein again；With the equal piezoelectricity of basic model of embodiment one kind
Road is compared, and symmetric form equalizer circuit provided in this embodiment can be improved charging rate, can be into one by adjusting circuit parameter
Step reduces the charging current ripple of energy-storage travelling wave tube.
Embodiment three
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the synchronous equalizer circuit of dual-port provided in this embodiment；As shown in figure 8, the dual-port
Synchronous equalizer circuit includes the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series, charhing unit PCU1With charhing unit PCU2；
Inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformer T2, resonant inductance L04, L05 and capacitor C01；Charhing unit
PCU1Including energy-storage module PSU1, storage capacitor C1, first diode D11With the second diode D12；Charhing unit PCU2Including storage
It can module PSU2, storage capacitor C2, first diode D21With the second diode D22；
The first output end of inverter Vin passes through resonant inductance L04 and charhing unit PCU1Be connected, second output terminal with
The primary side winding of transformer T2 is connected；The vice-side winding of transformer T2 passes through resonant inductance L05, capacitor C01 and charhing unit
PCU2It is connected；
The first end of the output terminals A of inverter Vin passes through resonant inductance L04 and charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor
C1It is connected, second end is connected with the first end of the primary side winding of transformer T2；The first end and energy-storage module PSU of output end B1's
Second input terminal, first diode D21Anode be connected, second end is connected with the second end of the primary side winding of transformer T2；
Charhing unit PCU1、PCU2And the connection relationship of internal each element is as in the first embodiment, details are not described herein again；Transformer
The Same Name of Ends C of the vice-side winding of T2 passes through resonant inductance L05 and PCU2Storage capacitor C2Second end, first diode D21's
Cathode and the second diode D22Anode be connected；The non-same polarity D of the vice-side winding of transformer T2 passes through capacitor C01 and energy storage mould
Block PSU2First input end, the second diode D22Cathode be connected；Energy-storage module PSU2The first output end and energy-storage module
PSU1Voltage output end of the second output terminal as entire charhing unit.
Inverter Vin is by its first output end to charhing unit PCU1Carry out charging and charhing unit PCU1、PCU2
Between electric voltage equalization principle as in the first embodiment, details are not described herein again；Stress that inverter Vin passes through the pair of transformer T2
Side winding is as second output terminal to charhing unit PCU2Carry out charging and charhing unit PCU1、PCU2Between electric voltage equalization
Principle；
First duty cycle: inverter Vin exports negative voltage, and the Same Name of Ends C of the vice-side winding of transformer T exports negative electricity
Pressure, non-same polarity D export positive voltage, the output voltage of inverter Vin pass sequentially through transformer T primary side winding second end,
Non-same polarity D, capacitor C01, the energy-storage module PSU of transformer T vice-side winding2, first diode D21, resonant inductance L05, become
The Same Name of Ends C of depressor T vice-side winding and the first end of transformer T primary side winding return to inverter Vin, fill to form one
Electric loop, directly to energy-storage module PSU2Charging, at the end of charging (i.e. Vin=0), the second diode D22Cut-off blocks energy storage mould
Block PSU2Discharge current；Meanwhile if the voltage of storage capacitor C2 is greater than energy-storage module PSU1Voltage, storage capacitor C2It is logical
Cross the second diode D12To energy-storage module PSU1Charging；If VC2≤VPSU1, then energy-storage module PSU1It is not charged.Charging terminates
When, VC2=VPSU1；Second diode D12Cut-off blocks energy-storage module PSU1Discharge current；
Second duty cycle: inverter Vin exports positive voltage, and the Same Name of Ends C of the vice-side winding of transformer T exports positive electricity
Pressure, non-same polarity D export negative voltage, the output voltage of inverter Vin pass sequentially through transformer T primary side winding first end,
The Same Name of Ends C of transformer T vice-side winding, resonant inductance L05, the second diode D22, capacitor C01, transformer T vice-side winding
The second end of non-same polarity D and transformer T primary side winding returns to inverter Vin, to form a charge loop, gives capacitor
C01 charging；After charging complete, the second diode D22Block its discharge current.Meanwhile if energy-storage module PSU2Voltage be greater than
Storage capacitor C2Voltage, energy-storage module PSU2Pass through first diode D21It charges to storage capacitor C2, at the end of charging, VC2=
VPSU2, first diode D21Cut-off blocks storage capacitor C2Discharge current；If VC2≥VPSU2, then C2 is not charged；
Due in the first duty cycle, storage capacitor C2Pass through the second diode D12To energy-storage module PSU1Charging, fills
At the end of electricity, VC2=VPSU1, therefore VPSU1=VPSU2。
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in: basic model equalizer circuit is only filled since first charhing unit
Electricity, the last one charhing unit in several concatenated charhing unit ends need after several duty cycles
It starts to charge, has slowed down the charging rate of all energy-storage travelling wave tubes in entire circuit；Dual-port provided in this embodiment, which synchronizes, presses
Circuit, inverter Vin output it voltage by means of transformer T and are divided into two-way, respectively from several concatenated charhing units
In first charhing unit and the last one charhing unit simultaneously charge, dramatically speeded up charging rate, and promote
Electric voltage equalization speed between charhing unit.
Example IV
Fig. 9 is that the structure of the synchronous equalizer circuit of the dual-port provided in this embodiment based on single input and multi-output transformer is shown
It is intended to；As shown in figure 9, the synchronous equalizer circuit of the dual-port includes the inverter circuit being connected in series, charhing unit PCU1、PCU2、
PCU3、PCU4；
Inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, dual output transformer T3, resonant inductance L06, L07 and capacitor C02；Inversion
The output end of power supply Vin is connected with the primary side winding of transformer T3, the first vice-side winding and charhing unit PCU of transformer T31
It is connected, the second vice-side winding passes through capacitor C02 and charhing unit PCU4It is connected；Each charhing unit PCU includes storage capacitor, storage
It can element, first diode and the second diode；It no longer repeats one by one herein；
The Same Name of Ends of the first vice-side winding of transformer T3 passes through resonant inductance L06 and charhing unit PCU1In energy storage electricity
Hold C1First end be connected；Storage capacitor C2First end and storage capacitor C1Second end with first diode D11Cathode,
Second diode D12Anode be connected；First diode D11Anode and energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；Second
Diode D12Cathode and energy-storage module PSU1First input end and energy-storage module PSU2The second input terminal be connected；Transformation
The non-same polarity and energy-storage module PSU of the first vice-side winding of device T31The second input terminal be connected；Energy-storage module PSU2Second
Input terminal and energy-storage module PSU1First input end and the second diode D12Cathode be connected, second output terminal and energy storage mould
Block PSU1The first output end be connected；Charhing unit PCU2、PCU3、PCU4The connection relationship of interior each component is the same as charhing unit PCU1,
It no longer repeats one by one herein；
The Same Name of Ends of the second vice-side winding of transformer T3 and the second diode D42Anode, first diode D41Yin
Pole and storage capacitor C4Second end be connected；The non-same polarity of second vice-side winding passes sequentially through resonant inductance L07, capacitor C02
With charhing unit PCU4In energy-storage module PSU4First input end, the second diode D42Cathode be connected；Energy-storage module PSU4
First input end, the second diode D42Cathode be connected；Energy-storage module PSU4The first output end and energy-storage module PSU1's
Voltage output end of the second output terminal as entire charhing unit.
First voltage output channel of the first vice-side winding of transformer T3 as inverter Vin, inverter Vin are logical
First vice-side winding is crossed to charhing unit PCU1It charges, and according to PCU1→PCU2→PCU3→PCU4Gradually carry out voltage
It is balanced；Second voltage output channel of the second vice-side winding of transformer T3 as inverter Vin, inverter Vin pass through
Second vice-side winding is to charhing unit PCU4It charges, and according to PCU4→PCU3→PCU4→PCU1It is equal gradually to carry out voltage
Weighing apparatus；The polarity of voltage exported due to the first vice-side winding of transformer T3 and the second vice-side winding is on the contrary, single for being in charging
First PCU2、PCU3Between storage capacitor C3, when inverter Vin exports negative voltage, if the first vice-side winding exports negative electricity
Pressure, then the second vice-side winding exports positive voltage, at this time storage capacitor C3To energy-storage module PSU2Charging；When inverter Vin is exported
When positive voltage, the first vice-side winding exports positive voltage, then the second vice-side winding exports negative voltage, at this time storage capacitor C3To energy storage
Module PSU3Charging；That is energy-storage module PSU2With energy-storage module PSU3Pass through storage capacitor C3Charging is alternateed, it is alternately electric
Pressure is balanced；Storage capacitor C2, storage capacitor C4Working principle with storage capacitor C3。
It is provided in this embodiment to be based on single input and multi-output transformer compared with the basic model equalizer circuit in embodiment one
The synchronous equalizer circuit inverter Vin of dual-port simultaneously in several concatenated charhing units first charhing unit and
The last one charhing unit charges, and has dramatically speeded up charging rate, and promotes the speed of the electric voltage equalization between charhing unit
Degree；In addition, also realize the ground connection isolation of the primary and secondary side winding of transformer T3, thus realize the circuit of primary and secondary side every
From the occasion for being applicable to carry out ground connection isolation uses.
Embodiment five
Figure 10 is the synchronous equalizer circuit of the symmetric form dual-port provided in this embodiment based on single input and multi-output transformer
Structural schematic diagram；As shown in Figure 10, the synchronous equalizer circuit of the dual-port includes the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series, charging list
First PCU1With charhing unit PCU2；
The inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformer T4, resonant inductance L08, L09, L10 and capacitor C02；Charging
Unit PCU1Including first capacitor C11, the second capacitor C12, first diode D11, the second diode D12, third diode D13,
Four diode D14；Charhing unit PCU2Including first capacitor C21, the second capacitor C22First diode D21, the second diode D22、
Third diode D23, the 4th diode D24；
The output end of inverter Vin is connected with the primary side winding of transformer T4, and transformer T4 is that the output of single input four becomes
Depressor, the first vice-side winding and the second vice-side winding pass through resonant inductance L08, resonant inductance L09 and charhing unit respectively
PCU1It is connected；Specific circuit structure is with the symmetric form equalizer circuit in embodiment two, and details are not described herein again；
The symmetric form equalizer circuit difference that the synchronous equalizer circuit of the dual-port is provided with embodiment two is: transformer T4's
The Same Name of Ends F and charhing unit PCU of third vice-side winding2In the 4th diode D24Anode, third diode D23Cathode,
Second capacitor C22Second end be connected；The Same Name of Ends G and charhing unit PCU of the 4th vice-side winding of transformer T42In second
Diode D22Anode, first diode D21Cathode, first capacitor C21Second end be connected；Third vice-side winding and the 4th
The non-same polarity H of vice-side winding passes sequentially through the first input end of resonant inductance L10, capacitor C02 and energy-storage module PSU2, second
Diode D22Cathode, the 4th diode D24Cathode be connected.
Inverter Vin is by the first vice-side winding of transformer T4 and the second vice-side winding simultaneously to charhing unit PCU1
It charges, charging principle and charhing unit PCU1、PCU2Between electric voltage equalization principle as in the first embodiment, details are not described herein again；
Inverter Vin is by the third vice-side winding of transformer T4 and the 4th vice-side winding simultaneously to charhing unit PCU2It is filled
Electricity, charging principle are as follows:
First duty cycle: inverter Vin exports negative voltage, and the output voltage of inverter Vin passes through by transformer T
Third vice-side winding non-same polarity H, resonant inductance L10, capacitor C02, energy-storage module PSU2, third diode D23, third
The charge loop that the Same Name of Ends F of vice-side winding is formed, directly to energy-storage module PSU2Charging；Inverter Vin output voltage is returned
When zero, energy-storage module PSU2Charging terminates；
Meanwhile the output voltage of inverter Vin passes through non-same polarity H, the resonance of the 4th vice-side winding by transformer T
Inductance L10, capacitor C02, energy-storage module PSU2, first diode D21, the 4th vice-side winding Same Name of Ends G formed charging ring
Road, directly to energy-storage module PSU2Charging；When inverter Vin output voltage is zeroed, energy-storage module PSU2Charging terminates.
Second duty cycle: inverter Vin exports positive voltage, and the output voltage of inverter Vin passes through by transformer T
Third vice-side winding Same Name of Ends F, the 4th diode D24, capacitor C02, resonant inductance L10, third vice-side winding it is non-of the same name
Hold H-shaped at charge loop to capacitor C02 charge；When inverter Vin output voltage is zeroed, capacitor C02 charging terminates, and second
Diode D22, the 4th diode D24The discharge current of blocking capacitor C02；
Meanwhile the output voltage of inverter Vin passes through the Same Name of Ends G of the 4th vice-side winding by transformer T, the two or two
Pole pipe D22, capacitor C02, resonant inductance L10, the 4th vice-side winding non-same polarity H-shaped at charge loop capacitor C02 is filled
Electricity；When inverter Vin output voltage is zeroed, capacitor C02 charging terminates, the second diode D22, the 4th diode D24Block electricity
Hold the discharge current of C02；Inverter Vin is by capacitor C02 to charhing unit PCU2The reverse charging principle to charge is same
Embodiment three, details are not described herein again.
In the present embodiment, inverter Vin is right simultaneously by the first vice-side winding of transformer T1 and the second vice-side winding
Charhing unit PCU1It charges；It is concatenated to several are located at simultaneously by two current channels to be equivalent to inverter Vin
First charhing unit in charhing unit charges；Inverter Vin passes through the third vice-side winding of transformer T1 and the
Four vice-side windings are simultaneously to charhing unit PCU2It charges；It is right simultaneously by two current channels to be equivalent to inverter Vin
The last one charhing unit in several concatenated charhing units charges；It is pressed with the basic model in embodiment one
Circuit is compared, and the symmetric form dual-port provided in this embodiment based on single input and multi-output transformer synchronizes equalizer circuit and can show
The electric voltage equalization speed improved between charging rate and each charhing unit is write, can be further decreased by adjusting circuit parameter
The charging current ripple of energy-storage travelling wave tube.
In the above various embodiments, inverter Vin output bipolar voltage can be sine wave, square wave, triangular wave or
Other waveforms, the present invention are not specifically limited, as long as guaranteeing the polarity of the output voltage waveforms sequence for positive-negative polarity alternating i.e.
Can, the amplitude and output frequency of inverter Vin output voltage according to the actual application depending on.
The polarity for each storage capacitor being directly connected with inverter Vin or transformer is nonpolarity, other energy storage electricity
The polarity of appearance can be nonpolarity or unipolarity；Storage capacitor in each charhing unit can be a capacitor monomer, can also be with
The capacitor heap body being made of in series and parallel multiple capacitors；Capacity type can be electrolytic capacitor, tantalum capacitor or other kinds of
Capacitor.In order to faster promote the voltage of each energy-storage module, the capacitance of storage capacitor need to only meet the input of each energy-storage module
Needed for power requirement, specific capacitance is depending on the needs of concrete application.
Compared to existing voltage balance circuit, a kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube provided by the invention, in inversion electricity
During the voltage reversal in source, by between the storage capacitor and energy-storage module in same charhing unit and the energy-storage module
Energy transfer between the storage capacitor in adjacent charhing unit realizes the electric voltage equalization between each energy-storage module；The present invention
The advantages of being provided simultaneously with energy two kinds of circuits of consumption and non-energy consumption type, circuit structure is simple, without complicated component, passes through capacitive energy
Electric voltage equalization is realized in transfer, and method is simple, balancing speed is fast, and energy loss is small, and capacity usage ratio is high, at low cost.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of equalizer circuit of energy-storage travelling wave tube, which is characterized in that single including the inverter circuit being sequentially connected in series and n charging
First PCU；I-th of charhing unit PCUiIncluding storage capacitor CiWith energy-storage module PSUi；First charhing unit PCU1In energy storage
Capacitor C1First end, energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected with the output end of the inverter circuit；Storage capacitor Ci's
Second end respectively with energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal, storage capacitor Ci+1First end be connected；Energy-storage module PSUi?
One input terminal respectively with storage capacitor Ci+1First end, energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal be connected；Wherein, n is greater than 1
Natural number less than or equal to 1000；I is the natural number for being less than or equal to n more than or equal to 1；
The inverter circuit is used to export bipolar voltage to directly connected charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1
It charges；N concatenated charhing unit PCU pass through storage capacitor Ci and storage in the polarity of voltage reversion process of inverter circuit
It can module PSUiBetween and energy-storage module PSUiWith storage capacitor Ci+1Between energy transfer realize each energy-storage module PSUiIt
Between electric voltage equalization.
2. equalizer circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit include first voltage output channel and
Second voltage output channel, the storage capacitor CiIncluding the first capacitor C being connected with the first voltage output channeli1With with
The second connected capacitor C of the second voltage output channeli2；The first capacitor Ci1With the second capacitor Ci2Inversion is received simultaneously
Circuit or energy-storage module PSUi-1Output voltage, and to energy-storage module PSUiIt charges.
3. equalizer circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit include first voltage output channel,
Second voltage output channel and storage capacitor C0i, the first voltage output channel and first charhing unit PCU1It is connected, the
Two voltage output channels pass through the storage capacitor C0i and n-th of charhing unit PCUnIt is connected；
Inverter circuit is by two voltage output channels simultaneously to first charhing unit PCU1With n-th of charhing unit PCUnInto
The two-way charging of row is to accelerate the electric voltage equalization speed between charging rate and n charhing unit.
4. equalizer circuit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit further includes that tertiary voltage output is logical
Road, the 4th voltage output channel and storage capacitor C0i；The tertiary voltage output channel, the 4th voltage output channel pass through
Storage capacitor C0i and n-th of charhing unit PCUnIt is connected；
Inverter circuit is by tertiary voltage output channel and the 4th voltage output channel simultaneously to n-th of charhing unit PCUnIt carries out
Charging is to accelerate electric voltage equalization speed between charging rate and n charhing unit.
5. such as the described in any item equalizer circuits of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the energy-storage module PSUiIncluding energy storage member
Part, comparison circuit and the first electronic switch K1；The first end of the comparison circuit is connected with the first end of energy-storage travelling wave tube, second end
It is connected with the first end of the first electronic switch K1；The second end and the second end phase of energy-storage travelling wave tube of the first electronic switch K1
Even, third end and storage capacitor CiIt is connected；
The comparison circuit is used to detect the voltage value of energy-storage travelling wave tube and is compared the voltage value with predeterminated voltage, in electricity
Pressure value controls the first electronic switch K1 conducting when being less than the predeterminated voltage, make to form access between inverter circuit and energy-storage travelling wave tube
To ensure that energy-storage travelling wave tube charges normal；The first electronic switch K1 is controlled when voltage value is more than or equal to the predeterminated voltage to disconnect,
Energy-storage travelling wave tube is set to stop charging.
6. equalizer circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that further include direct-flow input end mouth, the second electricity
Sub switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronic switch K4；
The first end and external control circuit phase of the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronic switch K4
Even, for receiving external driving signal to control being opened or closed for each electronic switch；The second electronic switch K2's
Second end is connected with the positive terminal of direct-flow input end mouth, third end respectively with the second end of third electronic switch K3, the 4th electronics
The third end of switch K4, the electrode input end of inverter circuit are connected；The third end of the third electronic switch K3, the 4th electronic cutting
Close K4 second end with n-th of charhing unit PCUnPositive terminal be connected；The negative pole end of the direct-flow input end mouth respectively with
The negative input of inverter circuit, first charhing unit PCU1Negative pole end be connected；
It is closed the second electronic switch K2 and disconnects third electronic switch K3, the 4th electronic switch K4, inverter circuit is made to charge n
Unit PCU charges；
It is closed the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and disconnects the 4th electronic switch K4, make direct-flow input end mouth and inverse
Power transformation road simultaneously charges to n charhing unit PCU, accelerates charging rate；
In n charhing unit PCU discharge process, the second electronic switch K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronics of closure are disconnected
The positive terminal of switch K4, n charhing unit PCU pass through the electrode input end of the 4th electronic switch K4 connection inverter circuit, and n are filled
The negative input of the negative pole end connection inverter circuit of electric unit PCU；The output voltage of n charhing unit PCU is applied to inversion
Circuit realizes the electric voltage equalization in discharge process so that inverter circuit charges to n charhing unit PCU.
7. such as the described in any item equalizer circuits of claim 5, which is characterized in that the energy-storage module PSUiFurther include with it is described
The concatenated inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tube1With several filter modules；The filter module includes and the concatenated inductance L of energy-storage travelling wave tube2, with
And the filter capacitor C in parallel with energy-storage travelling wave tube0。
8. equalizer circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit includes inverter Vin and resonance
Inductance L01；The charhing unit PCUiIt further include first diode Di1With the second diode Di2；
First charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1First end pass through the resonant inductance L01 and the inverter
The first polar end of Vin is connected, storage capacitor Ci+1First end and storage capacitor CiSecond end with first diode Di1's
Cathode, the second diode Di2Anode be connected；
The first diode Di1Anode and energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal be connected；The second diode Di2Yin
Pole and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal be connected；The inverter Vin
The second polar end and energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；Energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal and energy storage mould
Block PSUiFirst input end and the second diode Di2Cathode be connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUiIt is first defeated
Outlet is connected；Energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal ground connection, energy-storage module PSUnThe first output end as entire charhing unit
Voltage output end.
9. equalizer circuit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformer
T1 and resonant inductance L02, L03；The charhing unit PCUiIt further include first diode Di1, the second diode Di2, the three or two pole
Pipe Di3, the 4th diode Di4；
The output end of the inverter Vin is connected with the primary side winding of transformer T1, the secondary side of the first of the transformer T1 around
The Same Name of Ends of group passes through resonant inductance L02 and first charhing unit PCU1In first capacitor C11First end be connected；It is described
The Same Name of Ends of the second vice-side winding of transformer T1 passes through resonant inductance L03 and first charhing unit PCU1In the second capacitor
C12First end be connected；The non-same polarity of first vice-side winding and the second vice-side winding respectively with first diode D11's
Anode, third diode D13Anode, energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；
First capacitor C(i+1)1First end and first capacitor Ci1Second end with first diode Di1Cathode, the two or two pole
Pipe Di2Anode be connected；Second capacitor C(i+1)2First end and the second capacitor Ci2Second end with third diode Di3Yin
Pole, the 4th diode Di4Anode be connected；
The first diode Di1, third diode Di3Anode and energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal be connected；Described
Two diode Di2, the 4th diode Di4Cathode and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and energy-storage module PSUi+1?
Two input terminals are connected；
Energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and the second diode Di2, the 4th
Diode Di4Cathode be connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUiThe first output end be connected；Energy-storage module PSUn?
One output end and energy-storage module PSU1Voltage output end of the second output terminal as entire charhing unit.
10. equalizer circuit as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformation
Device T2, resonant inductance L04, L05 and storage capacitor C01；The output end of the inverter Vin respectively with charhing unit PCU1With
The first end of the primary side winding of transformer T2 is connected；The vice-side winding and charhing unit PCU of the transformer T2nIt is connected；It is described
Charhing unit PCUiIt further include first diode Di1With the second diode Di2；
The first polar end of the inverter Vin is connected with the first end of the primary side winding of transformer T2, and passes through resonance electricity
Feel L04 and first charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1First end be connected, storage capacitor Ci+1First end and energy storage
Capacitor CiSecond end with first diode Di1Cathode, the second diode Di2Anode be connected；The first diode Di1
Anode and energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal be connected；The second diode Di2Cathode and energy-storage module PSUi?
One input terminal and energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal be connected；
The second polar end of the inverter Vin is connected with the second end of the primary side winding of transformer T2, and and energy-storage module
PSU1The second input terminal, first diode Di1Anode be connected；Energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal and energy-storage module
PSUiFirst input end and the second diode Di2Cathode be connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUiFirst output
End is connected；
The first end of the vice-side winding of the transformer T2 passes through resonant inductance L05 and n-th of charhing unit PCUnStorage capacitor
CnSecond end, first diode Dn1Cathode and the second diode Dn2Anode be connected；The vice-side winding of the transformer T2
Second end pass through capacitor C01 and energy-storage module PSUnFirst input end, the second diode Dn2Cathode be connected；
Energy-storage module PSUnThe first output end and energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal it is defeated as the voltage of entire charhing unit
Outlet.
11. equalizer circuit as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformation
Device T3, resonant inductance L06, L07 and storage capacitor C02；The output end of the inverter Vin and the primary side winding of transformer T3
It is connected, the first vice-side winding and charhing unit PCU of the transformer T31It is connected, the second vice-side winding passes through storage capacitor C02
With charhing unit PCUnIt is connected；The charhing unit PCUiIt further include first diode Di1With the second diode Di2；
The Same Name of Ends of first vice-side winding passes through resonant inductance L06 and first charhing unit PCU1In storage capacitor C1
First end be connected；Storage capacitor Ci+1First end and storage capacitor CiSecond end with first diode Di1Cathode,
Two diode Di2Anode be connected；The first diode Di1Anode and energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal be connected；Institute
State the second diode Di2Cathode and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal phase
Even；The non-same polarity and energy-storage module PSU of first vice-side winding1The second input terminal, first diode D11Anode phase
Even；Energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and the second diode Di2Cathode
It is connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUiThe first output end be connected；
The Same Name of Ends of second vice-side winding and n-th of charhing unit PCUnIn the second diode Dn2Anode, the one or two
Pole pipe Dn1Cathode and storage capacitor CnSecond end be connected；The non-same polarity of second vice-side winding passes through resonant inductance
L07, storage capacitor C02 and energy-storage module PSUnFirst input end, the second diode Dn2Cathode be connected；
Energy-storage module PSUnThe first output end and energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal it is defeated as the voltage of entire charhing unit
Outlet.
12. equalizer circuit as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the inverter circuit includes inverter Vin, transformation
Device T4, resonant inductance L08, L09, L10 and storage capacitor C03；The charhing unit PCUiIt further include first diode Di1, second
Diode Di2, third diode Di3, the 4th diode Di4；
The output end of the inverter Vin is connected with the primary side winding of transformer T4, the secondary side of the first of the transformer T4 around
The Same Name of Ends of group passes through resonant inductance L08 and first charhing unit PCU1In first capacitor C11First end be connected；It is described
The Same Name of Ends of the second vice-side winding of transformer T4 passes through resonant inductance L09 and first charhing unit PCU1In the second capacitor
C12First end be connected；The non-same polarity of first vice-side winding and the second vice-side winding respectively with first diode D11's
Anode, third diode D13Anode and energy-storage module PSU1The second input terminal be connected；
First capacitor C(i+1)1First end and first capacitor Ci1Second end with first diode Di1Cathode, the two or two pole
Pipe Di2Anode be connected；Second capacitor C(i+1)2First end and the second capacitor Ci2Second end with third diode Di3Yin
Pole, the 4th diode Di4Anode be connected；
The first diode Di1, third diode Di3Anode and energy-storage module PSUiThe second input terminal be connected；Described
Two diode Di2, the 4th diode Di4Cathode and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and energy-storage module PSUi+1?
Two input terminals are connected；
Energy-storage module PSUi+1The second input terminal and energy-storage module PSUiFirst input end and the second diode Di2, the 4th
Diode Di4Cathode be connected, second output terminal and energy-storage module PSUiThe first output end be connected；
The 4th diode D in the Same Name of Ends and n-th of charhing unit of the third vice-side winding of the transformer T4n4Anode,
Third diode Dn3Cathode, the second capacitor Cn2Second end be connected；The Same Name of Ends of the 4th vice-side winding of the transformer T4
With the second diode D in n-th of charhing unitn2Anode, first diode Dn1Cathode, first capacitor Cn1Second end
It is connected；The non-same polarity of the third vice-side winding and the 4th vice-side winding passes through resonant inductance L10, storage capacitor C03 and n-th
The first input end of energy-storage module PSUn in a charhing unit, the second diode Dn2Cathode, the 4th diode Dn4Cathode
It is connected；
Energy-storage module PSUnThe first output end and energy-storage module PSU1Second output terminal it is defeated as the voltage of entire charhing unit
Outlet.
13. such as the described in any item equalizer circuits of claim 1~12, which is characterized in that the storage being connected directly with inverter circuit
Energy capacitor is polarity free capacitor, and other storage capacitors are nonpolarity or unipolarity capacitor.
14. such as equalizer circuit described in claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the first electronic switch K1, the second electronic cutting
Closing K2, third electronic switch K3 and the 4th electronic switch K4 includes but is not limited to IGBT, MOSFET, thyristor, each electronic switch
First end be gate pole, second end is collector, and third end is emitter.
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| WO2009112069A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) | Charge balancing circuit for ultracapacitors and lithium batteries |
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