CN104907694A - 一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置 - Google Patents

一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置 Download PDF

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CN104907694A
CN104907694A CN201510356804.XA CN201510356804A CN104907694A CN 104907694 A CN104907694 A CN 104907694A CN 201510356804 A CN201510356804 A CN 201510356804A CN 104907694 A CN104907694 A CN 104907694A
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laser
plumb joint
speculum
crossbeam
welding
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CN104907694B (zh
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周平中
汪瑞东
蔡智勇
章文
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Li Hong
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CHINA ICEPOWER ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/22Spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/02Honeycomb structures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14Heat exchangers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18Sheet panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,在底座焊接区上方设有激光器、激光控制器和光路补偿系统,激光控制器与激光器连接,激光器输出的激光通过光路传播单元进入焊接头,在焊接头出光位置设有用于对出射激光聚焦的透镜;焊接头安装在横梁上,横梁与横梁驱动电机连接,横梁驱动电机和焊接头驱动电机同时与光路补偿系统连接;光路补偿系统与光路传播单元连接。本焊接装置通过激光焊接提高工作效率,蜂窝板式一次焊接成形,简化工艺,板片厚度在0.8-1.2mm,降低成本。通过光路补偿系统,可以确保焊接头在移动过程中光路长短始终不变,从而保证每个焊接点的蜂窝大小和深度一致,提高焊接质量。

Description

一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置
技术领域
本发明涉及焊接装置,具体涉及一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,属于激光焊接技术领域。
背景技术
目前板式换热器多采用人工焊接,效率低;或采用机械全焊,为避免板片焊穿,需要板片厚度在1.5mm左右,板片的厚度也增加了用料成本。通常为增加换热效率在全焊的板片内部增加许多小的板片,将这些小板片焊接在换热器内部形成流道,从而增加换热效率,但这种技术增加了工艺难度。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种提高工作效率、简化工艺、降低成本的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,包括底座,底座分为中部焊接区和位于中部焊接区两侧的左右上下料区;在底座上设有左右两工作台,左右两工作台与控制系统连接,左右两工作台在控制系统控制下可在底座左右上下料区和焊接区之间来回移动;
在底座焊接区上方设有激光器、激光控制器和光路补偿系统,激光控制器与激光器连接用于控制激光器的位移以改变激光器发射激光的初始位置,激光器输出的激光通过光路传播单元进入焊接头,在焊接头出光位置设有用于对出射激光聚焦的透镜,透镜出光向下并对着焊接区;焊接头安装在横梁上,横梁两端通过支撑腿横跨于底座焊接区之上,横梁与横梁驱动电机连接以在横梁驱动电机作用下可沿焊接区左右移动,焊接头与焊接头驱动电机连接以由焊接头驱动电机驱动焊接头沿横梁长度方向移动,横梁驱动电机和焊接头驱动电机同时与光路补偿系统连接;光路补偿系统与光路传播单元连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动位置来控制光路传播单元使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变。
所述底座两端分别设有用于上下料的悬臂支架,控制系统与悬臂支架连接以控制悬臂支架上下料。
所述左右工作台为矩形,在左右工作台四周分别设有板片夹紧装置,板片夹紧装置用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片四边对齐。
在底座上设有用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片上下压紧的焊接压板,焊接压板两端设有支撑腿,支撑腿通过滑轨可滑动地安装在底座焊接区两侧,以使焊接压板可在焊接区左右移动。
所述光路传播单元由若干反射镜构成,其中离激光器最近的两个反射镜位置可移动形成补偿反射镜,其余反射镜用于改变激光方向以使激光能够进入焊接头;光路补偿系统与补偿反射镜连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动位置来改变补偿反射镜的位置使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变。
所述光路传播单元依次由补偿反射镜Ⅰ、补偿反射镜Ⅱ、反射镜Ⅰ、反射镜Ⅱ和反射镜Ⅲ构成,其中反射镜Ⅰ和反射镜Ⅱ安装在横梁上,反射镜Ⅲ安装在焊接头上,反射镜Ⅰ用于对补偿反射镜Ⅱ反射过来的激光改变90度使之沿横梁方向传播并照射到反射镜Ⅱ上,反射镜Ⅱ用于对反射镜Ⅰ反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直横梁同时平行于焊接区传播并照射到反射镜Ⅲ上,反射镜Ⅲ用于对反射镜Ⅱ反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直焊接区传播并进入焊接头;反射镜Ⅱ和反射镜Ⅲ随焊接头同步移动。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本焊接装置通过激光焊接提高工作效率,蜂窝板式一次焊接成形,简化工艺,板片厚度在0.8-1.2mm,降低成本。
2、通过光路补偿系统,可以确保焊接头在移动过程中光路长短始终不变,从而保证每个焊接点的蜂窝大小和深度一致,提高焊接质量。
附图说明
图1-本发明整体结构示意图。
图2-本发明光路传播示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1和图2,从图上可以看出,本发明蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,包括底座4,底座4分为中部焊接区和位于中部焊接区两侧的左右上下料区。在底座4上设有左右两工作台6,左右两工作台6与控制系统9连接,左右两工作台6在控制系统9控制下可在底座4左右上下料区和焊接区之间来回移动。当其中一个工作台进入焊接区进行焊接时,另一个工作台则进入上下料区,下料后再上料;当处于焊接区的工作台上的工件焊接完毕,处于上下料区的工作台正好上料完毕,从而避免焊接区出现等待,由此大大提高焊接效率。
本装置采用激光焊接,激光焊接以可聚焦的激光束作为焊接能源。当高强度激光照射在被焊材料表面上时,部分光能将被材料吸收而转变成热能,使材料熔化,从而达到焊接的目的。为此,本装置在底座焊接区上方设有激光器3、激光控制器8和光路补偿系统2,激光控制器8与激光器3连接用于控制激光器的位移以改变激光器发射激光的初始位置,激光器3输出的激光通过光路传播单元进入焊接头7,在焊接头7出光位置设有用于对出射激光聚焦的透镜,透镜出光向下并对着焊接区。焊接头7安装在横梁10上,横梁10两端通过支撑腿横跨于底座焊接区之上,横梁与横梁驱动电机连接以在横梁驱动电机作用下可沿焊接区左右移动,焊接头与焊接头驱动电机连接以由焊接头驱动电机驱动焊接头沿横梁长度方向移动,通过横梁和焊接头的移动,可以使焊接头能够到达焊接区任意位置。横梁驱动电机和焊接头驱动电机同时与光路补偿系统连接,光路补偿系统2再与光路传播单元连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动来判断焊接头的位置,进而控制光路传播单元使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变,从而保证每个焊接点的蜂窝大小和深度一致,提高焊接质量。
所述光路传播单元由若干反射镜构成,其中离激光器最近的两个反射镜位置可移动形成补偿反射镜,其余反射镜用于改变激光方向以使激光能够准确进入焊接头。光路补偿系统与补偿反射镜连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动位置来改变补偿反射镜的位置使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变。
具体地,所述光路传播单元依次由补偿反射镜Ⅰ11、补偿反射镜Ⅱ12、反射镜Ⅰ13、反射镜Ⅱ15和反射镜Ⅲ14构成,参见图2,其中反射镜Ⅰ13和反射镜Ⅱ15安装在横梁10上,反射镜Ⅲ14安装在焊接头7上,反射镜Ⅰ13用于对补偿反射镜Ⅱ12反射过来的激光改变90度使之沿横梁10方向传播并照射到反射镜Ⅱ15上,反射镜Ⅱ15用于对反射镜Ⅰ13反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直横梁10同时平行于焊接区传播并照射到反射镜Ⅲ14
 上,反射镜Ⅲ14用于对反射镜Ⅱ15反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直焊接区传播并进入焊接头7;反射镜Ⅰ13位置固定,反射镜Ⅱ15和反射镜Ⅲ14随焊接头7同步移动。
激光器3、补偿反射镜Ⅰ11、补偿反射镜Ⅱ12、反射镜Ⅰ13、反射镜Ⅱ15和反射镜Ⅲ14被封闭于壳体内,以避免激光泄漏。
当焊接头作X、Y向运动时,补偿反射镜Ⅰ11和补偿反射镜Ⅱ12作S向运动来补偿光路长度的变化,即维持不变,进而保持激光器在加工时焦点半径和焦点深度不变。当有不同加工需要时,需要不同的焦点大小、焦点深度、行走速度,此时可通过激光控制器8改变激光初始位置来改变光路长度,进而改变焊接头上透镜表面光束直径,最终改变焦点大小和焦点深度,以满足不同加工需要。
为方便上下料,减轻上下料工作强度,所述底座4两端分别设有用于上下料的悬臂支架1,控制系统9与悬臂支架1连接以控制悬臂支架1上下料。悬臂支架1负责将待焊接的薄钢板夹起运到左、右工作台6,同时将焊接后的钢板从工作台上运走,起到自动上下料的作用。
所述左右工作台6均为矩形,在左右工作台四周分别设有板片夹紧装置16,板片夹紧装置16用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片四边对齐。
同时在底座1上设有用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片上下压紧的焊接压板5,焊接压板5两端设有支撑腿,支撑腿通过滑轨可滑动地安装在底座焊接区两侧,以使焊接压板5可在焊接区左右移动。工作台上的板片夹紧装置用于避免待焊接钢片横向(前后左右)移动,底座上的焊接压板用于避免待焊接钢片纵向(上下)移动,由此使焊接时的工件位置完全固定,从而保证焊接质量。
本装置具体工作过程:通过悬臂支架1,将两块薄钢板(待焊接工件)叠置在其中一个(如左)工作台6上,左右工作台位上有板片夹紧装置,自动调节夹紧板片四周,通过控制系统9将左工作台6送入底座中间焊接区,焊接压板5自动将两块薄钢板压紧,启动激光器3,激光器3产生激光,激光通过光路传播单元传播到焊接头7上,焊接头7开始焊接两块薄钢板,激光控制器8根据工件焊接要求自动调节焊接头7位置来控制每一个焊接蜂窝点。由于焊接激光束呈“锥形”和光波的衍射作用,当焊接光路长度发生变化时,作用在焊接头透镜表面的光束直径时刻发生变化,这必然引起激光焦点大小和深度的变化。光路补偿系统2负责收集这些信息(通过横梁驱动电机和焊接头驱动电机的运动量,可以判断焊接头的移动量和方向),并给出控制策略,即控制补偿反射镜Ⅰ11、补偿反射镜Ⅱ12的位置,使光路总长度维持不变,以保证激光焦点的大小和深度不变。左工作台在焊接的过程中,右工作台自动上料,准备焊接。当左工作台焊接加工完成后,退回到原来的位置通过悬臂支架1下料,这时右工作台进入中间加工区域焊接,这样左右工作台往复循环,提高工作效率。
本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化和变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (6)

1.一种蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:包括底座,底座分为中部焊接区和位于中部焊接区两侧的左右上下料区;在底座上设有左右两工作台,左右两工作台与控制系统连接,左右两工作台在控制系统控制下可在底座左右上下料区和焊接区之间来回移动;
在底座焊接区上方设有激光器、激光控制器和光路补偿系统,激光控制器与激光器连接用于控制激光器的位移以改变激光器发射激光的初始位置,激光器输出的激光通过光路传播单元进入焊接头,在焊接头出光位置设有用于对出射激光聚焦的透镜,透镜出光向下并对着焊接区;焊接头安装在横梁上,横梁两端通过支撑腿横跨于底座焊接区之上,横梁与横梁驱动电机连接以在横梁驱动电机作用下可沿焊接区左右移动,焊接头与焊接头驱动电机连接以由焊接头驱动电机驱动焊接头沿横梁长度方向移动,横梁驱动电机和焊接头驱动电机同时与光路补偿系统连接;光路补偿系统与光路传播单元连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动位置来控制光路传播单元使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:所述底座两端分别设有用于上下料的悬臂支架,控制系统与悬臂支架连接以控制悬臂支架上下料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:所述左右工作台为矩形,在左右工作台四周分别设有板片夹紧装置,板片夹紧装置用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片四边对齐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:在底座上设有用于将叠置于左右工作台上的两待焊接钢片上下压紧的焊接压板,焊接压板两端设有支撑腿,支撑腿通过滑轨可滑动地安装在底座焊接区两侧,以使焊接压板可在焊接区左右移动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:所述光路传播单元由若干反射镜构成,其中离激光器最近的两个反射镜位置可移动形成补偿反射镜,其余反射镜用于改变激光方向以使激光能够进入焊接头;光路补偿系统与补偿反射镜连接,以根据焊接头和横梁的移动位置来改变补偿反射镜的位置使激光器到焊接头之间的光路长度保持不变。
6.根据权利要求5所述的蜂窝板式制冰换热器用激光焊接装置,其特征在于:所述光路传播单元依次由补偿反射镜Ⅰ、补偿反射镜Ⅱ、反射镜Ⅰ、反射镜Ⅱ和反射镜Ⅲ构成,其中反射镜Ⅰ和反射镜Ⅱ安装在横梁上,反射镜Ⅲ安装在焊接头上,反射镜Ⅰ用于对补偿反射镜Ⅱ反射过来的激光改变90度使之沿横梁方向传播并照射到反射镜Ⅱ上,反射镜Ⅱ用于对反射镜Ⅰ反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直横梁同时平行于焊接区传播并照射到反射镜Ⅲ上,反射镜Ⅲ用于对反射镜Ⅱ反射过来的激光改变90度使之垂直焊接区传播并进入焊接头;反射镜Ⅱ和反射镜Ⅲ随焊接头同步移动。
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