CN104896462B - 燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法 - Google Patents
燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104896462B CN104896462B CN201510380638.7A CN201510380638A CN104896462B CN 104896462 B CN104896462 B CN 104896462B CN 201510380638 A CN201510380638 A CN 201510380638A CN 104896462 B CN104896462 B CN 104896462B
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- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- boiler
- furnace
- combustion
- temperature gasification
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241001438449 Silo Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法。目前国内外在燃用生物质颗粒燃料时，是直接将生物质颗粒燃料直接投放入锅炉内燃烧。由于目前的锅炉是为燃煤而设计的，故炉膛宽阔、高大、锅炉的漏风系数大，鼓风分散等，不利于生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧，使用中炉温低，烟气量大，产生黑烟，且燃料热损大,锅炉热效率低,不利环保等问题。一种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，其组成包括：锅炉炉膛（1），所述的锅炉炉膛内具有高温气化燃烧室（2），所述的锅炉炉膛下部具有集灰仓（3），所述的锅炉炉膛的上部具有烟气出口（4），燃烧室后墙壁与前炉墙（5）重合或凸出，所述的前炉墙分别与左炉墙（7）、右炉墙（6）连接。本发明应用于锅炉装备制造领域。
Description
燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法
[0001]技术领域：
[0002]本发明涉及一种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法，不需要在锅炉外部，另外放 置生物质颗粒燃烧机进行燃用生物质颗粒燃料的的生物质颗粒锅炉。
[0003]背景技术：
[0004]目前国内外在燃用生物质颗粒燃料时，有两种燃用方式；其一是直接将生物质颗 粒燃料直接投放入锅炉内燃烧。由于目前的锅炉是为燃煤而设计的，故炉膛宽阔、高大、锅 炉的漏风系数大，鼓风分散等，不利于生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧，使用中炉温低，烟气量大，产 生黑烟，且燃料热损大，锅炉热效率低，不利环保等问题。因而不利于大面积的使用与推广。 [0005]其二是将生物质颗粒燃料按程序安排添加到一个金属圆筒状结构的燃烧机或灶 台式颗粒燃烧机中，使其点燃喷火再将燃烧机喷出的火焰对接到锅炉里对介质进行加热。 这种使用方式是颗粒燃料燃烧机与锅炉的二合一对接才能发挥加热的功能，这种形式的燃 用生物质颗粒燃料同样存在着占地面积大，不耐用，使用管理不方便，因燃烧机是在锅炉外 部燃烧故存在着热量散失的问题，降低了燃料使用的热效率。
[0006]
发明内容：
[0007]本发明的目的是提供一种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉及燃烧方法。
[0008]上述的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：
[0009] —种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，其组成包括:锅炉炉膛，所述的锅炉炉膛内具有高温 气化燃烧室，所述的锅炉炉膛下部具有集灰仓，所述的锅炉炉膛的上部具有烟气出口，燃烧 室后墙壁与前炉墙重合或凸出，所述的前炉墙分别与左炉墙、右炉墙连接。
[0010]所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室具有燃烧室右墙壁，所述 的燃烧室右墙壁与燃烧室前墙壁连接，所述的燃烧室前墙壁与燃烧室左墙壁连接，所述的 燃烧室前墙壁、所述的燃烧室左墙壁、所述的燃烧室右墙壁、所述的燃烧室后墙壁与燃烧室 圆弧形封闭上盖形成密闭空间。
[0011] 所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室前墙壁中部连接有火焰喷 口，所述的火焰喷口上具有二次风孔。
[0012] 所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室的上面后部具有颗粒燃料 进料口，所述的燃烧室后墙壁下部具有清灰活门。
[0013] 所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室的下部为铸铁炉排。
[00M]所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室的内部具有一次风孔。
[0015] 所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉的燃烧方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
[0016] 生物质燃料经点燃后由高温气化室下部炉排通入鼓风则颗粒燃料在高温气化燃 烧室中猛烈燃烧，由于高温气化燃烧室的上部是圆弧形。火焰及烟气的出口又在前面中部， 并释放出挥发份，所以火焰经高温气化燃烧室内盘旋后方才喷向炉膛，在有氧的条件下，使 燃料由外至内进行快速气化燃烧，其产生的高温，一部分送入炉膛加热介质，一部分再对后 续的颗粒燃料进行烘烤高温气化，如此形成连续的高温气化燃烧反应。
[0017] 本发明的有益效果： LUU1BJ 1 •本友明提供一柙仅用锅炉不需要外置生物质颗粒燃烧机就可以克服燃煤锅炉 直燃的弊端，弥补生物质燃烧机燃用的不足，而且使用中具有炉温高、火力猛、锅炉升温快、 锅炉热效率高、卫生、环保等诸多优点。
[0019] 本发明在锅炉炉膛内用耐火砖等保温材料砌筑一个封闭的空间，作为生物质颗粒 燃料锅炉的闻温气化燃烧室，其生物质高温气化燃烧室的后面与锅炉的前炉墙重合或凸 出。其左右两边墙壁与锅炉P左右炉墙平行布置，锅炉容量大时高温气化燃烧室左右墙壁 应与锅炉的左右炉墙重合，高温气化燃烧室前墙壁与锅炉的前炉墙平行。且中部有一个烟 气出口。在高温气化燃烧室的后面或锅炉的前炉墙开有一个清灰活活门。在高温气化燃烧 室的上面后部有一个进料口。进料口在清灰活门的上部，使用中将高温气化燃烧室上部的 进料口打开，导入生物质颗粒燃料。
[0020] 本发明燃料集中在锅炉高温气化燃烧室内的高温下燃烧，其挥发份释放的快，点 燃f呈燃气状燃烧，燃料燃烧充分，消烟除尘效果十分理想。锅炉的热效率较燃煤有较大的 提高，在本发明中即考虑到生物质燃料的特点，又创造性的利用了燃料高温汽化的理论与 实践，确实体验了该发明的先进性、新颖性和实用性。
[0021]
附图说明：
[0022]附图1是锅炉内置的燃烧室结构示意图。
[0023] 附图2是高温气化燃烧室结构示意图。
[0024]
具体实施方式：
[0025] 实施例1:
[0026] —种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，其组成包括:锅炉炉膛1，所述的锅炉炉膛内具有高 温气化燃烧室2，所述的锅炉炉膛下部具有集灰仓3,所述的锅炉炉膛的上部具有烟气出口 4,燃烧室后墙壁与前炉墙5重合或凸出，所述的前炉墙分别与左炉墙7、右炉墙6连接。
[0027] 实施例2:
[0028]根据实施例1所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室具有燃烧室 右墙壁10,所述的燃烧室右墙壁与燃烧室前墙壁9连接，所述的燃烧室前墙壁与燃烧室左墙 壁11连接，所述的燃烧室前墙壁、所述的燃烧室左墙壁、所述的燃烧室右墙壁、所述的燃烧 室后墙壁与燃烧室圆弧形封闭上盖8形成密闭空间。
[0029] 实施例3:
[0030]根据实施例1或2所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温燃烧室前墙壁中部连 接有火焰喷口12,所述的火焰喷口上具有二次风孔13。
[0031] 实施例4:
[0032]根据实施例1或2或3所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室的上 面后部具有颗粒燃料进料口 16,所述的燃烧室后墙壁下部具有清灰活门17。
[0033] 实施例5:
[0034]根据实施例1或2或3或4所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧室的 下部为铸铁炉排14。
[0035] 实施例6:
[0036]根据实施例1或2或3或4或5所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，所述的高温气化燃烧 室的内部具有一次风孔15。
[0037] 实施例7:
[0038] —种实施例1 一6之一所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉的燃烧方法，该方法包括如下 步骤：
[0039]生物质燃料经点燃后由高温气化燃烧室下部炉排通入鼓风则颗粒燃料在高温气 化燃烧室中猛烈燃烧，由于高温气化燃烧室的上部是圆弧形。火焰及烟气的出口在前面中 部，并释放出挥发份，所以火焰经高温气化燃烧室内盘旋后方才喷向炉膛，在有氧的条件 下，使燃料由外至内进行快速气化燃烧，其产生的高温，一部分送入炉膛加热介质，一部分 再对后续的颗粒燃料进行烘烤高温气化，如此形成连续的高温气化燃烧反应。
Claims (2)
1. 一种燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉，其组成包括:锅炉炉膛，其特征是:所述的锅炉炉膛内 具有高温气化燃烧室，所述的锅炉炉膛下部具有集灰仓，所述的锅炉炉膛的上部具有烟气 出口，燃烧室后墙壁与前炉墙重合或凸出，所述的前炉墙分别与左炉墙、右炉墙连接； 所述的高温气化燃烧室具有燃烧室右墙壁，所述的燃烧室右墙壁与燃烧室前墙壁连 接，所述的燃烧室前墙壁与燃烧室左墙壁连接，所述的燃烧室前墙壁、所述的燃烧室左墙 壁、所述的燃烧室右墙壁、所述的燃烧室后墙壁与燃烧室圆弧形封闭上盖形成密闭空间，左 右两边墙壁与锅炉的左右炉墙平行布置，高温气化燃烧室前墙壁与锅炉的前炉墙平行； 所述的高温气化燃烧室前墙壁中部连接有火焰喷口，所述的火焰喷口上具有二次风 孔； 所述的高温气化燃烧室的上面后部具有颗粒燃料进料口，所述的燃烧室后墙壁下部具 有清灰活门； 所述的高温气化燃烧室的下部为铸铁炉排； 所述的高温气化燃烧室的内部具有一次风孔。
2.—种权利要求1所述的燃用生物质颗粒的锅炉的燃烧方法，其特征是:该方法包括如 下步骤： 生物质燃料经点燃后由高温气化燃烧室下部炉排通入鼓风则颗粒燃料在高温气化燃 烧室中猛烈燃烧，由于高温气化燃烧室的上部是圆弧形，火焰及烟气的出口又在前面中部， 并释放出挥发份，所以火焰经高温气化燃烧室内盘旋后方才喷向炉膛，在有氧的条件下，使 燃料由外至内进行快速气化燃烧，其产生的高温，一部分送入炉膛加热介质，一部分再对后 续的颗粒燃料进行烘烤高温气化，如此形成连续的高温气化燃烧反应。
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