CN104894430B - Wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material and method of using same to manufacture brass pipe - Google Patents
Wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material and method of using same to manufacture brass pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN104894430B CN104894430B CN201510373680.6A CN201510373680A CN104894430B CN 104894430 B CN104894430 B CN 104894430B CN 201510373680 A CN201510373680 A CN 201510373680A CN 104894430 B CN104894430 B CN 104894430B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material and a method of using the same to manufacture a brass pipe. The wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material is composed of 60-65wt% of copper, 0.5-3.5wt% of manganese, 0.5-3.5wt% of silicon, 0.2-3.0wt% of lead, 0.05-0.2wt% of iron, 0.1-0.3wt% of nickel, 0.1-0.3wt% of aluminum and the rest zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein total amount of the unavoidable impurities is not larger than 0.1wt%. The manufacturing method includes: taking copper-zinc alloy as a base, and forming the easy-to-cut brass pipe material taking an alpha phase as a matrix and added by 15-20% beta phase and a small amount of silicon and manganese wear-resistant phase Mn5Si3 uniformly distributed on the alpha phase matrix and a beta phase matrix through alloy elements, capable of forming wear-resistant phase, like silicon, manganese and a small amount of lead. The pipe material is extruded to form the pipe, and an extruding-cold rolling process is adopted to reduce or eliminate metal transverse crack defect after uniform annealing, so that the brass pipe material is high in surface smoothness, easy to cut and machine, higher in strength and tenacity and more stable in wear resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-ferrous metals processing field, more particularly to a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing and its manufacture brass
The method of pipe.
Background technology
Brass is the copper alloy with zinc as essential element, and its heat conductivility, mechanical property, processing characteristics are excellent.Generally
Improvement brass performance can add the metals such as manganese, silicon, aluminium, iron, lead, tin, nickel and come from different backgrounds and possess different abilities alloy, commonly referred to complex brass or
Special brass.Lead is not fused to Cu-Zn alloys admittedly in ledrite, after pressure processing, in the isolated distributed mutually of free state in solid
In solution, there are great lubrication and anti-attrition effect, make alloy that there is high machinability, and working surface is bright and clean.But
Facial pallor is easily separated out, and human body is had an impact, and is not suitable for valve, tap and drinking water pipeline, and application is limited.The country is in nothing
Lead and easy-cutting brass rod aspect has deeper research and application, successively develops silizin, Bi brass, aldubra etc..But because
Its material fragility problem, easily ftractures in rolling or drawing process, also only limits the use of in electronic apparatus, connector, Meter Parts
And the water pipe of drinking-water system etc..
A kind of preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant brass pipe of Chinese patent 200510080322.2, is with β phases based on one kind
For the high-strength material of the resistance to brass base material of single-phase novel of base, the hot extrusion deformation based on hot-working is employed, inequality can be caused
Even deformation extent is increased, to improving the distribution of wear-resisting phase and unfavorable by cooling down effective control α phase amount；And tubing precision control
System is bad（Tubing offset is big）, machinability is bad, it is impossible to reach the large-scale, heave-load device of manufacture and precision parts processing
Require.
For example, the copper sheathing material of hydraulic pump cylinder body endoporus institute insert is high-strength wear resistant brass pipe, is not contained in the copper pipe routine
There is lead, cause processed surface smoothness not enough, friction pair is easily scratched in friction pair friction process or is occurred and friction pair
Frock coordinates inaccurate；Compared with conventional general brass H62, H65 brass tube, above brass tube does not have wear-resisting phase, rubbed
It is very easy to abrasion occur in journey, finally results in part failure.
The content of the invention
A kind of method that the present invention provides wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing and its manufacture brass tube for the problems referred to above, makes Huang
Copper pipe does not only have preferable anti-wear performance, and surface smoothness is good, and machinability is good, easy processing.
A kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing, its composition and ratio be 60-65wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.5-
3.5wt% silicon, 0.2-3.0 wt% lead, 0.05-0.2wt% iron, 0.1-0.3 wt% nickel, 0.1-0.3 wt% aluminium, balance of zinc with
And inevitable impurity, inevitable total impurities are not more than 0.1wt%, and the metallographic structure that above-mentioned element is formed is with α phases as base
Body, plus the free-cutting brass tubing of 15-20% β phases and the wear-resisting phase composition of a small amount of silicomanganese being uniformly distributed on α, β phase matrix.
As improvement, wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing composition and ratio be 61.0-63.0wt% copper, 1.5-2.5wt% manganese,
0.5-1.5wt% silicon, 0.5-1.0 wt% lead ,≤0.1 wt% iron, 0.1wt% nickel, 0.1 wt% aluminium and can not be kept away balance of zinc
Exempt from impurity, inevitable total impurities are not more than 0.1wt%.
Improve again, Zn content control in composition 32.5%-35.0wt%, aluminium content in 0.1wt%, to guarantee material metallographic
Tissue is plus 15-20% β phases and the wear-resisting phase of silicomanganese based on α phases.
Improve again, lead content is 1.0-2.0 wt%, improve the machinability and wearability of material.
A kind of manufacture method of wear-resisting free-cutting brass pipe, first closes cathode copper, manganin, silicon copper, iron copper
Gold, lead pig, ambrose alloy, zinc ingot metal sequentially add melting in electric induction furnace, and smelting temperature is 1030～1080 DEG C, treats whole metal moltens
Afterwards, 5-30 minutes are incubated；Carry out copper alloy ingot casting, 1030～1050 DEG C of cast temperature；Then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to
550～700 DEG C carry out hot extrusion；Extruded stock after hot extrusion carries out homogenizing annealing, homogenizing annealing at 450～650 DEG C
Semi-finished product afterwards carry out cold rolling-stretching, are then annealed at 300-700 DEG C, last sawing finishing.
Melting-extruding-homogenizing annealing-cold rolling -300-700 DEG C-sawing of annealing, finishing-finished product.
Used as improvement, single pass lengthening coefficient have to be larger than 1.2 during the cold rolling-drawing process, correct tubing inclined
Heart effect is good, and the offset of finished product tubing is less than 0.3mm.
Improve again, to guarantee tubing α Phase Proportions more than 70%, the homogenizing annealing temperature control is at 600 DEG C.
Wearability and free cutting property in order to improve brass alloys of the invention, adopts brass alloys are changed on being grouped into
With adding the elements such as a small amount of lead, manganese, silicon, iron, nickel to constitute complicated multicomponent alloy, wherein copper focuses on control with the proportion of composing of zinc
It is 32.5～35% that Cu processed is 61～63%, Zn, so as to be formed in alloy based on α phases, adds above-mentioned five kinds of elements to be formed
On a small quantity（α+β）Phase, so that α phases in alloy/（α+β）It is less than 35% that the ratio of phase is maintained at equivalent to zinc equivalent, to maintain this
In multicomponent alloy based on α phases, plus 15～20% β phases and be evenly distributed on the wear-resisting phase of manganese silicon a small amount of on α, β phase matrix.
Lead element is the key factor for improving alloy cutting ability, and solid solubility of the lead in copper be extremely low, and under solid-state, lead is swimming
On the crystal boundary and phase boundary of the independent distributed mutually of amorph.The fusing point of lead is low, soft, disperse fine particle is formed in the alloy, so as to cut
Break the continuity of matrix, made chip be easily broken off coming off in working angles, while lead is on the contact surface of blade during cutting
Just with the presence of a large amount of soft lead particles, equivalent to reducing cutting lay area so that tool wear reduction, cutting temperature and cutting
Power is reduced, and reaches free machining purpose.But ledrite metallographic structure contain α phases and（α+β）Two kinds, therefore lead addition should be less than
Less than 3.0%, for improving, the machinability α phase constant with maintenance is of crucial importance.
Manganese element, the addition of manganese reduces can the alpha phase zone of metallographic structure, there is larger solubility in solid-state brass, have
Significant solution strengthening, not only improve alloy strength do not reduce its plasticity again, for the wearability and Ke Qie of raising brass alloys
Cutting property can fold hard crisp phase, reduce plasticity when having larger effect, but manganese addition more than 4%.
Element silicon, adds appropriate element silicon in brass, after 1% silicon is added in ormolu, metallographic structure equivalent to
Increase the alloy structure of 40% zinc in alloy, the zinc equivalent of silicon equivalent to 10, make α in ormolu/（α+β）Phase boundary shifts to copper
Side, shrinks in the alpha phase zone in alloy structure, and the appropriate addition of silicon can also effectively suppress the precipitation of lead, maintains good free-cutting machinability to prolong
Rate and wearability are stretched, is particularly suitable for valve body material, steam and pipe fitting.
Element silicon in ormolu mainly with alloy in add manganese element, formed intermetallic compound Mn3Si, rises thin
Change crystal grain and improve the effect of alloy wear resistance；Manganese element has larger solubility in ormolu, and manganese is acted on
In reinforcing matrix and with alloy in silicon and form high rigidity Mn5The hollow wear-resisting particles of Si3, reduce abrasion, carry heavy alloyed
Wearability.
Iron mainly plays crystal grain thinning, prevents crystal grain from growing up, and can improve softening point, increases intensity, improves cold and hot
Processing characteristics.When iron content is more than 0.3 wt%, corrosion resisting property can be reduced, and form hardware particle, heavy wear in the alloy
Lathe tool.
Aluminium element reduces alpha phase zone after adding, the trend for forming β phases is big, and reinforcing effect is good.Aluminum oxide can be formed in melting
Diaphragm, prevents zinc evaporation, so as to reduce zinc scaling loss.Meanwhile, aluminium can improve wearability, corrosion resistance, elasticity etc..The Al in finished product
Surface ionizing tendency it is bigger than zinc, preferentially form fine and close and firm pellumina, the further oxidation of alloy can be prevented.
But when Al content is high, it may appear that γ phases, heavy alloyed intensity and hardness are put forward, plasticity is greatly lowered, be unfavorable for rear road processing.
Nickel in brass expands alpha phase zone, and in Mock platina nickel is added, and can obtain the high intensity containing a small amount of β phases and close
Gold.Have simultaneously and improve the effect of intensity, toughness, anti-dezincification and stress corrosion dehiscence resistant, and pressure machining characteristics are preferably, there is research
Show：Ni is added to reach the effect of notable crystal grain thinning.
Technological merit of the present invention compared with basis brass tubing：With ormolu as base, by the way that wear-resisting phase can be formed
Alloying element such as silicon, manganese and a small amount of lead element, constitute with based on based on α phases, plus 15～20% β phases and be uniformly distributed in α, β phase
Wear-resisting phase Mn of a small amount of silicomanganese on matrix5Si3Free-cutting brass tubing；And using extruding-cold-rolling process, reduce or eliminate metal
Transversal crack defect, makes brass pipe surface smoothness good, Cutting free processing, and intensity and toughness are higher, and anti-wear performance is more steady
It is fixed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is α phases energy spectrum diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is β phases energy spectrum diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is silicomanganese phase energy spectrum diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 for different annealing temperature metallographic structure amplify 200 times, wherein 4a be 300 DEG C 1 hour, 4b be 600 DEG C 1 little
When.
Fig. 5 be electron-microscope scanning figure amplify 200 times, wherein 5a be 300 DEG C 1 hour, 5b be 600 DEG C 1 hour.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is elaborated with reference to embodiments.
Manganese Mn, iron Fe, silicon Si intermediate alloys are prepared first, it is ensured that Mn, Si weight is than close 3：1, and manganin contains manganese
Mn25%；Iron-copper iron content Fe10%；The siliceous Si20% of silicon copper.
Brass alloys tube preparation method is：By 60-65wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese, 0.5-3.5wt% silicon, 0.2-3.0
Wt% lead, 0.05-0.2 wt% iron, 0.1-0.3 wt% nickel, 0.1-0.3 wt% aluminium, balance of zinc and inevitable impurity, no
Evitable total impurities are not more than the composition proportion of 0.1wt%, by cathode copper, manganin, silicon copper, iron-copper, lead
Ingot, ambrose alloy, zinc ingot metal sequentially add melting in electric induction furnace, and smelting temperature is 1030～1080 DEG C, after metal all fusing, will
Temperature is improved to more than 1050 DEG C, and flame decontamination, flame is finished, and is incubated 5～30 minutes；Copper alloy ingot casting is carried out, is cast
Temperature is 1030～1050 DEG C, prepares Φ 190-200mm brass alloys ingot castings.Then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to into 550～
700 DEG C carry out hot extrusion, and extrusion tube blank specification is Φ 50*3mm；Extruded stock after hot extrusion is carried out uniformly at 450～650 DEG C
Annealing.Semi-finished product after annealing carry out cold rolling-stretching, last sawing, finishing, packaging.
Cold rolling-drawing process：
Production trimmed size Φ 35*2.5, using Φ 50 × 3->600 DEG C annealing 2h->The cold rolling Φ 45 of cold pilger mill ×
2.7 lengthening coefficients 1.52->550 DEG C of finished products 2h, the offset of finished product tubing is less than 0.3mm, α Phase Proportions in metallographic structure
More than 70%.
When can be seen that less than 600 DEG C annealing and trombone slide state, β phase constitutions are not almost with or without obvious β Fig. 4～the 5 Suo Shi
Phase；But the β phases of fraction have been occurred after 600 DEG C of annealing；After process annealing, substantial amounts of point-like is just occurred on material structure
Phase（The wear-resisting phase of silicomanganese）.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1～3, Jing energy spectrum analysis, matrix is α phases, and concave surface is β phases, and point-like is mutually wear-resisting phase, scanned photograph
As a result match with metallograph.During 600 DEG C of annealing, a small amount of β phases of material itself are completely converted into α phases, in cooling procedure,
β phases are separated out from oversaturated α phases, a small amount of β phases occur.Referring to shown in Fig. 4～5, during 300 DEG C of annealing, material has only been carried out time
It is multiple, recrystallize, the tissue topography of trombone slide is remained, there is a small amount of tiny β phases.Therefore, it is using cold-rolling process
Avoid, because of the necessary high annealing of multi-pass stretching, finally guaranteeing α Phase Proportions more than 70%, 15-20% β phases and being uniformly distributed
A small amount of wear-resisting phase Mn of silicomanganese on α, β phase matrix5Si。
Brass alloys pipe prepared by the present invention is as shown in table 1 with comparative example chemical composition.
The chemical composition of the embodiment of the present invention alloy of table 1 and comparative example alloy（wt%）
| Material number | Cu | Mn | Si | Ni | Pb | Fe | Al | Zn | Other |
| Embodiment 1 | 61.5 | 2.15 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.08 | 0.15 | Surplus | |
| Embodiment 2 | 62 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 0.15 | Surplus | |
| Embodiment 3 | 61.8 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.09 | 0.2 | Surplus | |
| Comparative example 1 | 58.5 | — | — | — | 0.5 | 0.2 | — | Surplus | 0.8 |
| Comparative example 2 | 61.8 | — | — | — | 0.08 | 0.15 | — | Surplus | 0.3 |
Embodiment of the present invention alloy and comparative example wherein comparative example 1 is H59-1 brass pipes, and comparative example is H62 brass tubes
Material（Following table is identical）Alloy test performance is as follows：
1st, mechanical property
Table 2 is tensile strength, the elongation percentage of embodiment of the present invention compo pipe and comparative example compo pipe.
Tensile strength, the elongation percentage of the embodiment of table 2 and comparative example alloy
| Material number | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation percentage/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 450～520 | 15～20 |
| Embodiment 2 | 440～500 | 15～18 |
| Embodiment 3 | 440～480 | 20～24 |
| Comparative example 1 | 400～450 | 20～24 |
| Comparative example 2 | 430～480 | 8～10 |
2nd, anti-wear performance
By the way that to Resarch on A New Type, embodiment under identical machining state, carries out anti-wear performance survey with comparative example
Examination is compared.Measurement condition parameter is：
Rotating speed：800 r/min；Load：50MPa；Lubricating oil：68# hydraulic oil；Friction pair：GCr15 bearing steels；Number of total coils：
20000 turns.
The anti-wear performance of the inventive embodiments of table 3 and comparative example alloy
| Material number | Coefficient of friction | Wear extent/um |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.105 | 343 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.085 | 265 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.090 | 310 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.116 | 487 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.109 | 362 |
The coefficient of friction of embodiment of the present invention alloy is less than 0.1, and wear extent is few, and anti-wear performance is substantially better than comparative example conjunction
Gold, with preferable wearability.
3rd, cutting ability
With C36000 alloys cutting ability as 100% benchmark, embodiment compares with comparative example cutting ability.
The inventive embodiments of table 4 compare with the cutting ability of comparative example alloy
| Material number | Cutting ability/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 60 |
| Embodiment 2 | 60 |
| Embodiment 3 | 65 |
| Comparative example 1 | 20 |
| Comparative example 2 | 60 |
Embodiment of the present invention alloy cutting ability is better than comparative example alloy, easy processing, and surface smoothness is good.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing, it is characterised in that its composition and ratio is 60-65wt% copper, 0.5-3.5wt% manganese,
0.5-3.5wt% silicon, 0.2-3.0 wt% lead, 0.05-0.2wt% iron, 0.1-0.3 wt% nickel, 0.1-0.3 wt% aluminium is balance of
Zinc and inevitable impurity, inevitable total impurities are not more than 0.1wt%, and the metallographic structure that above-mentioned element is formed is with α phases
Based on, plus the free-cutting brass pipe of 15-20% β phases and the wear-resisting phase composition of a small amount of silicomanganese being uniformly distributed on α, β phase matrix
Material.
2. a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wear-resisting free-cutting brass
Tubing composition and ratio be 61.0-63.0wt% copper, 1.5-2.5wt% manganese, 0.5-1.5wt% silicon, 0.5-1.0 wt% lead ,≤0.1
Wt% iron, 0.1wt% nickel, 0.1 wt% aluminium, balance of zinc and inevitable impurity, inevitable total impurities are not more than
0.1wt%。
3. a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Zn content control exists
32.5%-35.0wt%, aluminium content in 0.1wt%, with guarantee material metallographic structure be based on α phases, plus β phases and silicomanganese it is resistance to
Mill phase.
4. a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass tubing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lead content is 1.0-2.0
Wt%, improves the machinability and wearability of material.
5. the manufacture method of a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first will electrolysis
Copper, manganin, silicon copper, iron-copper, lead pig, ambrose alloy, zinc ingot metal sequentially add melting in electric induction furnace, and smelting temperature is
1030～1080 DEG C, after whole metal moltens, it is incubated 5-30 minutes；Carry out copper alloy ingot casting, cast temperature 1030～
1050℃；Then copper alloy casting ingot is heated to into 550～700 DEG C carries out hot extrusion；Extruded stock after hot extrusion is 450～650
Homogenizing annealing is carried out at DEG C, the semi-finished product after homogenizing annealing carry out cold rolling-stretching, are then moved back at 300-700 DEG C
Fire, last sawing finishing.
6. the manufacture method of a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass pipe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that to guarantee tubing α
Phase Proportion is more than 70%, and the homogenizing annealing temperature control is at 600 DEG C.
7. the manufacture method of a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass pipe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is described it is cold rolling-
Single pass lengthening coefficient have to be larger than 1.2 during drawing process, and correction tubing bias effect is good, and the offset of finished product tubing is little
In 0.3mm.
8. the manufacture method of a kind of wear-resisting free-cutting brass pipe according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is described it is cold rolling-
Drawing process：
Production trimmed size be Φ 35*2.5mm, using 50 × 3mm of Φ->600 DEG C annealing 2h->The cold rolling Φ 45 of cold pilger mill ×
2.7mm lengthening coefficients 1.52->550 DEG C of finished products 2h, the offset of finished product tubing is less than 0.3mm, and α is compared in metallographic structure
Example is more than 70%.
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| DE102015004221A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Copper-zinc alloy, strip-shaped material thereof, method for producing a semi-finished product from a copper-zinc alloy and sliding elements made from a copper-zinc alloy |
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| CN112695216B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-12-28 | 宁波正元铜合金有限公司 | Preparation method of manganese brass alloy with three strengthening phases |
| CN115233031B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-12-30 | 大连理工大学 | High-performance copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114107850B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-06-03 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Preparation method of copper bush |
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