CN114107850B - Preparation method of copper bush - Google Patents
Preparation method of copper bush Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107850B CN114107850B CN202111404053.6A CN202111404053A CN114107850B CN 114107850 B CN114107850 B CN 114107850B CN 202111404053 A CN202111404053 A CN 202111404053A CN 114107850 B CN114107850 B CN 114107850B
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- equal
- quenching
- forming
- copper sleeve
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper bush, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the copper sleeve comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 28.5 to 33.5%, Si: 0.7-1.3 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities; the preparation process flow of the copper bush comprises the following steps: casting → forming → quenching → annealing; during quenching, the transfer time from the copper sleeve taken down from the forming equipment to the quenching water tank is not more than 15 s; the annealing temperature is 250-300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the copper sleeve is taken out and then cooled in air. The invention carries out quenching after forming, thereby not only ensuring the strength and the hardness of the copper bush, but also greatly removing the residual stress generated by plastic deformation. And annealing treatment is carried out after quenching, the annealing temperature is controlled below the recrystallization temperature of the copper sleeve, the performance reduction of the material caused by recovery recrystallization is avoided, and the residual stress in the material is further removed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a copper bush.
Background
The copper bush is one of main accessories of the engine, is embedded in the piston pin hole or the small end of the connecting rod in an interference fit mode, is in clearance fit with the piston pin, and is used for reducing the surface contact stress of the piston pin hole and the connecting rod and improving the working reliability.
The traditional copper bush preparation adopts a cold drawing mode after extrusion to obtain a finished product, but in the forming process, the plastic deformation of metal and the flowing deformation of material are uneven, so that the generation of residual stress is caused. The residual stress can change the performance of the copper sleeve, so that the problems of deformation, dimensional accuracy change and the like can be caused in the machining process, and the copper sleeve can crack even in the use process, so that the whole piston-connecting rod mechanism fails.
At present, methods for removing residual stress mainly include a natural aging method, a vibration aging method, an electric pulse method, an ultrasonic method, a heat treatment method and the like, wherein a heat treatment method of stress relief annealing is most commonly used. However, annealing tends to reduce the strength and hardness of the copper jacket. Therefore, a method for preparing a copper sleeve capable of removing residual stress without reducing the mechanical property requirement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper bush, which not only meets the mechanical property requirement, but also can remove residual stress.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a copper bush is characterized by comprising the following steps: the copper sleeve comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 28.5 to 33.5%, Si: 0.7-1.3 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities; the preparation process flow of the copper bush comprises the following steps: casting → forming → quenching → annealing; during quenching, the transfer time from the copper sleeve taken down from the forming equipment to the quenching water tank is not more than 15 s; the annealing temperature is 250-300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the copper sleeve is taken out and then cooled in air.
Preferably, the forming mode adopts extrusion, and the extrusion forming process parameters are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 350-450 ℃, the extrusion rate is 11-13 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 4-6.
Preferably, the forming mode adopts spinning, and the spinning forming process parameters are as follows: the spinning temperature is 250-350 ℃, the spinning is carried out for 1-3 times, the thinning rate of each spinning is not more than 30%, and the feeding ratio is 1-1.2 mm/r.
Preferably, the phase composition of the copper sleeve after annealing comprises an alpha-Cu phase and a beta phase, the area content of the beta phase is more than 10%, and the size of the beta phase is less than or equal to 5 mu m.
Because the blank before deformation is formed by casting, the cooling speed is high, the formation of beta phase is inhibited, and almost single supersaturated alpha solid solution structure rich in Zn and Si is obtained. After deformation, due to the increase of temperature and the action of deformation force, the internal distortion energy of the material is increased, the driving energy of Zn precipitation is improved, and Zn atoms are precipitated at the dislocation set part and the small-angle crystal boundary in a punctate beta phase form. The increase of the high-strength and hard beta phase also enables the strength and hardness of the silicon brass bushing to be greatly improved. The low temperature stress relief annealing only relieves the stress within the material and does not change its microstructure. In the prior art, the deformation temperature and the annealing temperature are both higher, the distortion in the material can be greatly released, and the beta phase is less precipitated.
Preferably, the tensile strength of the copper sleeve after annealing is more than or equal to 600MPa, the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 180HB, the axial residual stress is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the circumferential residual stress is less than or equal to 20 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention carries out quenching after forming, thereby not only ensuring the strength and the hardness of the copper sleeve, but also greatly removing the residual stress generated by plastic deformation. And carrying out annealing treatment after quenching, controlling the annealing temperature below the recrystallization temperature of the copper sleeve, avoiding the performance reduction of the material caused by recovery recrystallization, and further removing the residual stress in the material, wherein the tensile strength of the copper sleeve after annealing is more than or equal to 600MPa, the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 180HB, the axial residual stress is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the circumferential residual stress is less than or equal to 20MPa, so that the phenomena of deformation, cracking and the like of the copper sleeve in the use process can be effectively avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
1) the components in the table 1 were mixed and cast into ingots.
2) Forming: the extrusion is carried out in an extrusion mode, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion rate is 12mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 5, and the lubricating mode adopts aqueous graphite coating.
3) Quenching: after extrusion forming, the copper sleeve is quickly put into cold water for quenching treatment, and the transfer time from the removal of the copper sleeve from the equipment to the complete quenching in the water tank is not more than 15 s.
4) Annealing: and placing the quenched copper bush in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. Annealing at 250 deg.c for 3 hr, and air cooling.
Example 2:
1) the components in the table 1 were mixed and cast into ingots.
2) Forming: the spinning mode is adopted for forming, 2 times of spinning are carried out, the thinning rate of one-time spinning is 20%, the spinning temperature is 270 ℃, and the feeding ratio is 1 mm/r.
3) Quenching: after extrusion forming, the copper sleeve is quickly put into cold water for quenching treatment, and the transfer time from the removal of the copper sleeve from the equipment to the complete quenching in the water tank is not more than 15 s.
4) Annealing: and placing the quenched copper bush in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. The annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and air cooling is carried out.
Example 3
1) The components in the table 1 were mixed and cast into ingots.
2) Forming: the extrusion is carried out in an extrusion mode, the extrusion temperature is 380 ℃, the extrusion rate is 11mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 5, and the lubricating mode adopts aqueous graphite coating.
3) Quenching: after extrusion forming, the copper sleeve is quickly put into cold water for quenching treatment, and the transfer time from the removal of the copper sleeve from the equipment to the complete quenching in the water tank is not more than 15 s.
4) Annealing: and placing the quenched copper bush in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. Annealing at 280 deg.C for 2h, and air cooling.
Example 4:
1) the components in the table 1 were mixed and cast into ingots.
2) Forming: the spinning mode is adopted for forming, 2 times of spinning are carried out, the thinning rate of one-time spinning is 15%, the spinning temperature is 300 ℃, and the feeding ratio is 1.1 mm/r.
3) Quenching: after extrusion forming, the copper sleeve is quickly put into cold water for quenching treatment, and the transfer time from the removal of the copper sleeve from the equipment to the complete quenching in the water tank is not more than 15 s.
4) Annealing: and placing the quenched copper bush in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. Annealing at 300 deg.C for 2h, and air cooling.
Comparative example
1) The components in the table 1 were mixed and cast into ingots.
2) Forming: the hot extrusion and cold drawing are adopted for forming, the extrusion temperature is 800 ℃, the extrusion rate is 7mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 5, and the lubricating mode adopts aqueous graphite coating. And drawing for multiple times after hot extrusion to form the copper sleeve.
3) And (3) annealing: and placing the formed copper bush in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment. Annealing at 500 deg.C for 1h, and air cooling.
TABLE 1 chemical compositions of examples and comparative examples
TABLE 2 phase composition of examples and comparative examples
TABLE 3 Properties of examples and comparative examples
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a copper bush is characterized by comprising the following steps: the copper sleeve comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 28.5 to 33.5%, Si: 0.7-1.3 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities; the preparation process flow of the copper bush comprises the following steps: casting → forming → quenching → annealing; during quenching, the transfer time from taking the copper sleeve down from the forming equipment to quenching in the water tank is not more than 15 s; the annealing temperature is 250-300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the copper sleeve is taken out and then cooled in air.
2. The method for producing a copper bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: the forming mode adopts extrusion, and the extrusion forming process parameters are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 350-450 ℃, the extrusion rate is 11-13 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 4-6.
3. The method for producing a copper bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: the forming mode adopts spinning, and the spinning forming technological parameters are as follows: the spinning temperature is 250-350 ℃, the spinning is carried out for 1-3 times, the thinning rate of each spinning is not more than 30%, and the feeding ratio is 1-1.2 mm/r.
4. The method for producing a copper bush according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the phase composition of the annealed copper sleeve comprises an alpha-Cu phase and a beta phase, the area content of the beta phase is more than 10%, and the size of the beta phase is less than or equal to 5 mu m.
5. The method for producing a copper bush according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tensile strength of the annealed copper sleeve is more than or equal to 600MPa, the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 180HB, the axial residual stress is less than or equal to 30MPa, and the circumferential residual stress is less than or equal to 20 MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111404053.6A CN114107850B (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Preparation method of copper bush |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111404053.6A CN114107850B (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Preparation method of copper bush |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114107850A CN114107850A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
| CN114107850B true CN114107850B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS565942A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-22 | Furukawa Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | High-strength high-ductility copper alloy |
| JPS6289851A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-04-24 | ビ−エヌエフ・メタルズ・テクノロジ−・センタ− | Super-plastic zinc/aluminum alloy |
| CN101812612A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-08-25 | 中铝洛阳铜业有限公司 | Nickel-copper alloy rod or profile for high-speed electrified railway in CY state |
| CN104164589A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-26 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | High-strength wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN104894430A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material and method of using same to manufacture brass pipe |
| CN111386354A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-07-07 | 美题隆公司 | Metal ring formed of beryllium copper alloy |
| CN112695216A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-23 | 宁波正元铜合金有限公司 | Preparation method of manganese brass alloy with three strengthening phases |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5961335B2 (en) * | 2010-04-05 | 2016-08-02 | Ｄｏｗａメタルテック株式会社 | Copper alloy sheet and electrical / electronic components |
-
2021
- 2021-11-24 CN CN202111404053.6A patent/CN114107850B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS565942A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-22 | Furukawa Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | High-strength high-ductility copper alloy |
| JPS6289851A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-04-24 | ビ−エヌエフ・メタルズ・テクノロジ−・センタ− | Super-plastic zinc/aluminum alloy |
| CN101812612A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-08-25 | 中铝洛阳铜业有限公司 | Nickel-copper alloy rod or profile for high-speed electrified railway in CY state |
| CN104164589A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-26 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | High-strength wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN104894430A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-09 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant easy-to-cut brass pipe material and method of using same to manufacture brass pipe |
| CN111386354A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-07-07 | 美题隆公司 | Metal ring formed of beryllium copper alloy |
| CN112695216A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-23 | 宁波正元铜合金有限公司 | Preparation method of manganese brass alloy with three strengthening phases |
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| CN114107850A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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