CN104892064A - A centralized fermenting method for an agaricus bisporus compost - Google Patents
A centralized fermenting method for an agaricus bisporus compost Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A centralized fermenting method for agaricus bisporus, which is centralized, efficient, high in quality, high in yield, energy saving and environmental friendly, is disclosed. The method includes a step of preparing raw materials, with the culture raw materials being prepared by mixing 45% by weight of barley grass, 30% by weight of cow manure, 15% by weight of corncob, 5% by weight of rapeseed cake, 2% by weight of urea and 3% by weight of gypsum; a step of pre-wetting; a step of primary tunnel fermentation; and a step of secondary fermentation, wherein the fermenting material temperature in the secondary fermentation is controlled, and the secondary fermentation comprises a balancing stage, a heating stage, pasteurization, cooling, constant-temperature culture, cooling and discharging. Compared with the prior art, the method is advantageous in that a tunnel for the secondary tunnel fermentation is a tunnel fully sealed and having an insulating function, is a low-pressure high-blast-capacity system and can accurately control the material temperature. A fermenting process is controlled by an automatic control system. The control system is provided with a set temperature curve trend, and a computer in the control system automatically controls the fermenting material temperature according to the curve, thus achieving the objectives of temperature control, humidity control and gas control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Edible Fungi field, particularly a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus making method.
Background technology
Two brain mushroom is the edible mushrooms that planting scale is maximum, ultimate production is the highest, consumption is maximum in the world, and Twospore Mushroom plantation is main is raw material with agriculture wastes, and cellulose degradation is synthesized the green food of high protein.
China's Twospore Mushroom plantation is risen the sixties, and experienced by the development of five more than ten years, planting scale is also at continuous enlargement, and present Chinese Twospore Mushroom ultimate production leaps to the first in the world.Domestic Twospore Mushroom plantation also has Three models now: the cultivation of traditional peasant household, concentrated feed dispersion fruiting, full batch production Three models.Domestic Mushroom production 95% is all traditional peasant household planting type, facility is simple and crude, technique is backward, small scale, yield poorly, poor quality, formula nutrient formula is unreasonable, operate lack of standardization, culture material primary fermentation (be equivalent to a tunnel fermentation) is by outside climatic (temperature, rain, strong wind etc.) impact, ferment uneven, secondary fermentation (be equivalent to secondary tunnel fermentation) pasteurization and holding temperature not in place, cause culture material ripening degree poor, miscellaneous bacteria, worm's ovum are seriously polluted, have a strong impact on output.And due to peasant disperse stack culture material, rural environment is also had a certain impact.At present, domestic, external bisporous mushroom compost fermentation form is varied, one time fermentation pattern, Secondary Fermentation pattern and three fermentation patterns are mainly divided into from fermentation form, compare with European and American developed countries, the one time fermentation seasonality that the compost fermentation of China is mainly single is produced, compost fermentation is backward in technique, major part belongs to agriculture formula and produces, directly stockpile is placed on fermentation place, by simple turning, most of the time carries out anaerobically fermenting, and its result is exactly that aerobic microbiological can not get good breeding, is unfavorable for improving fruiting output.American-European countries's major part uses Secondary Fermentation, three fermentation techniques, and its fermentation mode is built in earlier stage, equipment investment cost is too high, and working cost is also very high, is not suitable for China's national situation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly concentrate efficient, good quality and high output, the Twospore Mushroom of energy-conserving and environment-protective concentrates second fermentation process.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation work:
Get the raw materials ready: substratum starting material are formed by following composition and weight ratio mixed preparing: Herba Hordei Vulgaris 45%, cow dung 30%, corn cob 15%, rapeseed cake 5%, urea 2%, gypsum 3%;
Prewet: be evenly laid in by forage and prewet in pond, forage thickness is 1-1.2m, waters in haystack, prewets 2-5 days, by vexed for forage heap 12-15 hour, makes its heating temp to 40 DEG C-50 DEG C;
Add cow dung, gypsum and rapeseed cake, fully mix, place 12-15 hour;
(2) tunnels fermentation: mixed fermentation material is inserted on the ventilating floor in one time fermentation tunnel, allows the forage after prewetting shed fill up tunnel as uniform filling,
Ferment 4-6 days, proceeded to by fermentation material in another one time fermentation tunnel, turned a storehouse every 3 days, roll-over 3-4 times, whole fermentation time is 12-15 days;
First phase fermentation requires that the temperature of fermentation material controls at 70 DEG C-80 DEG C;
(3) Secondary Fermentation
The base-material of a tunnel fermentation is piled up on the ventilating floor in Secondary Fermentation tunnel equably, expect high 2m-3m, secondary tunnel fermentation time 5-9 days, controls fermentation material temperature by fan operation, comprises equilibrium stage, temperature rise period, pasteurization, cooling, constant temperature culture, cooling discharge:
Equilibrium stage: time 6.5-7.5 hour, fermentation material temperature range 48-50 DEG C, air themperature 47-48 DEG C;
Temperature rise period: 8-12 hours time, fermentation material temperature rises to 57-58 DEG C, and air themperature rises to 56-58 DEG C;
Pasteurization: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature 57-58 DEG C, air themperature 55-56 DEG C;
Cooling: 4 hours time, fermentation material temperature is down to 48-50 DEG C, and air themperature is down to 46-48 DEG C;
Constant temperature culture: 4-6 days time, fermentation material temperature 48 DEG C-50 DEG C, air themperature 45-47 DEG C;
Cooling discharge: time 6-8 hour, material temperature is down to 24-26 DEG C by 48 DEG C.
Preferably, described Herba Hordei Vulgaris length is 20cm-40cm, water content 15%-18%.
Preferably, described corn cob granule diameter is 0.8cm-1.5cm, water content 13%-15%.
Preferably, described gypsum is noncrystalline calcium sulfate, purity more than 98%, fineness 100-120 order.
Preferably, the water content of rapeseed cake is not more than 12%, dry sample nitrogenous more than 5.5%.
Preferably, described one time fermentation tunnel, tunnel length and width and height are respectively 24.5m, 5m and 4m.
Preferably, described Secondary Fermentation tunnel, tunnel length and width and height are respectively 30m, 6m and 4m, assembling, at rear, tunnel, controls leavening temperature automatically, and tunnel bottom is embedded with pvc pipe and makes vent-pipe, hole density is 200mm × 300mm, ground is concrete duct bar construction, and tunnel internal body of wall is provided with 10cm lagging material, installs water-proof material inside metope.
Preferably, Secondary Fermentation tunnel metope outside plate adopts the aluminum-zinc alloy substrate that 0.426mm is thick, the PU sandwich color steel plate that ceiling and interior wall adopt 0.426mm thick respectively and EPS sandwich color steel plate, furred ceiling Sandwich materials thickness 55mm, body of wall and heat insulation door Sandwich materials thickness 100mm, below 1.2m brick wall all pastes 100mm styrofoam, and ground is provided with 100mm expanded pearlite insulating layer.
Twospore Mushroom is produced very large region impact, and each area needs to study optimum formula and zymotechnique according to different raw material supply.At Hexi Corridor Region plantation Twospore Mushroom, we are according to locality starting material freely, filtered out the formula adding cow dung with the corn cob of Herba Hordei Vulgaris and pulverizing by test of many times, test integrated culture medium prescription, work out and be a set ofly adapted at the Particular craft that the Northwest makes material culture of agaricus bisporus.Raw-material pre-treatment, one time fermentation and Secondary Fermentation technology, the comprehensive integration secondary fermentation of culture material, defines concentrated large-scale production culture material, achieves Twospore Mushroom production high-quality, high yield.
Secondary Fermentation tunnel is the completely airtight tunnel with heat insulation function, is low pressure gale amount system, accurately can controls material temperature.In fermentation, most important pasteurize stage and beneficial microorganism cultivation stage (temperature control culturing process) all complete in Secondary Fermentation, and in secondary tunnel, fermentation material is out directly used in inoculation and produces.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
1, Secondary Fermentation tunnel is the completely airtight tunnel with heat insulation function, is low pressure gale amount system, accurately can controls material temperature.Fermenting process is by automatic controlling system, and have the temperature curve tendency set in Controlling System, Controlling System computer controls fermentation material temperature automatically according to curve, realizes temperature control, control is wet, controls the object of gas.Ensure to realize the samming of culture material in whole tunnel, intensification, constant temperature, cooling and balanced temperature control throughout the year, effectively control fermentation.
2, through the further slaking of culture material of second time fermentation, impel a large amount of beneficial microorganism growth and breeding, promote the accumulation of decompose of nutrient and available nutrient, and the insect killed in culture material and harmful microorganism, make the mycelium of mushroom strain at shortest time endoadaptation nutrient environment, smooth growth is grown.
3, after secondary tunnel Concentrated fermentation terminates, culture material actinomycetes are a lot, and in canescence, tack-free, flexible, the transparent shape of leach liquor, pH7.5-8, water content 66.3%, nitrogen content 2.15%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 17.2:1, without ammonia taste.
4, dispatch from the factory to the raw material of high-quality from raw material is prewetted and only need 22 days, and traditional Compost fermentation is generally 30 days.
5, be integrated with waste water reclamation and utilize technology, in whole production process, prewetting and will keep the skin wet as the case may be during a tunnel roll-over.Unnecessary water flows back to by waterways pond of prewetting, and is reused for and prewets, without sewage discharge.
6, factorial praluction significantly can improve the output of unit surface, and minimizing natural disaster and environment inferior, on the restriction of fermentation and impact, save land resources.Generally save the area more than 200 times.
7, utilize fermentable heat to complete " pasteurizing " and digest process, compared with the frame bed zymotechnique of at substantial hot steam, tunnel-type fermenting treatment capacity is large, energy consumption is low, high efficiency, non-environmental-pollution.
8, high-efficiency fermenting technology is concentrated in secondary tunnel, and single fermentation amount can arrive 80 tons, steady quality is reliable, and single production cost is low.
9, starting material do not use any medicine, medicine-less pollution, to be conducive to people healthy; Be not subject to seasonal restrictions, can continuous seepage.
10, save energy (brownout, without coal), resource (water circulation use, without sewage discharge).
Embodiment
Required equipment: U.S. FANCOM Controlling System, forklift, throwing machine, self-discharging type material mover.
The following examples can further illustrate the present invention, but any mode does not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1.
1, one time fermentation:
1.1 get the raw materials ready
Substratum starting material are formed by following composition mixed preparing: Herba Hordei Vulgaris 45 tons, cow dung 30 tons, corn cob 15 tons, rapeseed cake 5 tons, 2 tons, urea, 3 tons, gypsum;
Forage: according to zymotechnique flow operations, Herba Hordei Vulgaris length is 30cm, processes wheat straw with Machine for cutting straws.Require Herba Hordei Vulgaris without going mouldy, water content is 16%.
Cow dung: placement more than 7 days after the cow dung that new transport is returned is placed on and fully stirs in manure storage the pond in, allows its natural degradation.Wet cow dung nitrogen content (dry sample nitrogenous more than 2.5%), ash content less than 28%, water content 83%.
Corn cob: particle diameter is 1.0cm, water content 14%.
Terra alba: noncrystalline calcium sulfate, purity more than 98%, fineness 100 order.
Rapeseed cake: water content less than 12%, dry sample nitrogenous more than 5.5%.
1.2 prewet: carry out batch mixing in pond with shovel loader and prewet prewetting,
The first step: be evenly laid in by forage and prewet in pond, 1m is thick, then waters and drenches in haystack.Wheat straw absorbs water and starts the fermenting process of wheat straw, and quality starts deliquescing and absorbs more moisture.With forklift, forage is piled a raft after prewetting 2 days, vexed heap 13 hours, make its heating temp to 45 DEG C;
Second step: add cow dung excrement, gypsum and rapeseed cake,
Be mixed cow dung, stir, cow dung in pond is fully mixed, forage mixes with cow dung, allows forage fully absorb cow dung, is laid in by mixed forage on pre-treatment of raw material place, gypsum and rapeseed cake uniform spreading are sprinkled upon on wheat straw, then use filling machine embankment upthrow one time, allow gypsum and rapeseed cake and forage fully mix, place 12 hours.
Fermentation material technical indicator after combination treatment is as follows: moisture 78-80%, nitrogen content 1.5%, pH value about 8.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio 33:1.Carbon source is mainly from forage.Nitrogenous source one is the nitrogen contained by forage itself, and two is the nitrogen contained in cow dung, and three is the nitrogen contained in rapeseed cake.
1.3 tunnel fermentations
By filling machine, mixed fermentation material is inserted on the ventilating floor in one time fermentation tunnel, the material of pre-heap fermentation is transported on yaw throwing machine and carries out cloth, discharging, allow the forage after prewetting shed fill up tunnel as uniform filling; Filler width 5m, packed height reaches 3m.
Forage produces a large amount of heats after meeting water under the effect of microorganism, and first phase fermentation requires that the temperature of fermentation material controls at 75 DEG C, and the carbon of the forms such as the Mierocrystalline cellulose in wheat straw and hemicellulose is decomposed under the effect of high temperature thermophilic microorganism.Ferment when within the 4th day, temperature reaches the highest and starts to decline and will carry out roll-over, by shovel loader and filling machine, fermentation material is proceeded in another one time fermentation tunnel.Turned a storehouse every 3 days, such roll-over just can complete one time fermentation process 4 times.According to the suitable moisturizing of moisture situation in material during roll-over, moisture is made to maintain about 75%.Whole fermentation time is 14 days.
The Detection job index of first phase fermentation ends fermentation material is: moisture 72%, nitrogen content 1.7%, pH value 8.2.Visual appearance standard is: brownish black, have light ammonia odor, the peculiar smell such as odorless, acid.Without raw excrement group, tack-free, pull at grass and namely break, firmly pinch and expect that webs have 1,2 to drip and drip.
2, Secondary Fermentation:
The completely airtight tunnel with heat insulation function with one time fermentation tunnel unlike Secondary Fermentation tunnel, for low pressure gale amount system, accurately can control material temperature, in fermentation, most important pasteurize stage and beneficial microorganism cultivation stage all complete in Secondary Fermentation, make culture material have very strong selectivity.Have the temperature curve tendency set in Secondary Fermentation Controlling System, Controlling System computer controls fermentation material temperature automatically according to curve, can realize unmanned manipulation.
The base-material of a tunnel fermentation is piled up on the ventilating floor in Secondary Fermentation tunnel equably, expect high 3m, 7 days whole Secondary Fermentation time, control fermentation material temperature by fan operation, comprise equilibrium stage, temperature rise period, pasteurization, cooling, constant temperature culture, cooling discharge:
2.1 equilibrium stages: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature range 50 DEG C, air themperature 48 DEG C.This stage mainly makes fermentation material by blower fan oepration at full load, and temperature is all more balanced everywhere;
2.2 temperature rise periods: 10 hours time, fermentation material temperature rises to 58 DEG C, and air themperature rises to 57 DEG C.This stage reduces running frequency by blower fan, and resh air requirement reduces makes fermentation material temperature rise.
2.3 pasteurizations: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature 58 DEG C, air themperature 56 DEG C.This stage is the most important phase of fermenting step, is all killed under the miscellaneous bacteria harmful to bisporous mushroom and worm's ovum stablized 58 degree of temperature at 8 hours, can ensure the generation without miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest in mushroom room cultivation link like this.
2.4 coolings: 4 hours time, fermentation material temperature is down to 48 DEG C, and air themperature is down to 47 DEG C.This stage control system strengthens fan operation frequency, increases resh air requirement and reaches cooling object.
2.5 constant temperature culture: 5 days time, fermentation material temperature 48 DEG C, air themperature 47 DEG C.This stage control system by material temperature stability contorting at 48 DEG C, under 48 DEG C of constant temperatures, useful microorganism amount reproduction is grown to bisporous mushroom, actinomycetes are formed, and ammonia also can change into the proteoplast form that bisporous mushroom can absorb simultaneously, are obtain high yield important stage.
2.6 cooling discharges: 6 hours time, material temperature is down to 27 DEG C by 48 DEG C, can reduce material temperature to 25 DEG C when ammonia transforms complete, in order to avoid bacterial classification is killed by high temperature during sowing.
Embodiment 2.
1, one time fermentation:
1.1 get the raw materials ready
Substratum starting material are formed by following composition mixed preparing: Herba Hordei Vulgaris 45 tons, cow dung 30 tons, corn cob 15 tons, rapeseed cake 5 tons, 2 tons, urea, 3 tons, gypsum;
Forage: according to zymotechnique flow operations, Herba Hordei Vulgaris length is 40cm, processes wheat straw with Machine for cutting straws.Require Herba Hordei Vulgaris without going mouldy, water content is 17%.
Cow dung: placement more than 7 days after the cow dung that new transport is returned is placed on and fully stirs in manure storage the pond in, allows its natural degradation.Wet cow dung nitrogen content (dry sample nitrogenous more than 2.5%), ash content less than 28%, water content 83%.
Corn cob granule diameter is 1.5cm, water content 15%.
Terra alba: noncrystalline calcium sulfate, purity more than 98%, fineness 120 order.
Rapeseed cake: water content less than 12%, dry sample nitrogenous more than 5.5%.
1.2 prewet: carry out batch mixing in pond with shovel loader and prewet prewetting,
The first step: be evenly laid in by forage and prewet in pond, 1.2m is thick, then waters and drenches in haystack.Wheat straw absorbs water and starts the fermenting process of wheat straw, and quality starts deliquescing and absorbs more moisture.With forklift, forage is piled a raft after prewetting 5 days, vexed heap 15 hours, make its heating temp to 50 DEG C;
Second step: add cow dung excrement, gypsum and rapeseed cake,
Be mixed cow dung, stir, cow dung in pond is fully mixed, forage mixes with cow dung, allows forage fully absorb cow dung, is laid in by mixed forage on pre-treatment of raw material place, gypsum and rapeseed cake uniform spreading are sprinkled upon on wheat straw, then use filling machine embankment upthrow one time, allow gypsum and rapeseed cake and forage fully mix, place 15 hours.
Fermentation material technical indicator after combination treatment is as follows: moisture 78-80%, nitrogen content 1.5%, pH value about 8.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio 33:1.Carbon source is mainly from forage.Nitrogenous source one is the nitrogen contained by forage itself, and two is the nitrogen contained in cow dung, and three is the nitrogen contained in rapeseed cake.
1.3 tunnel fermentations
By filling machine, mixed fermentation material is inserted on the ventilating floor in one time fermentation tunnel, the material of pre-heap fermentation is transported on yaw throwing machine and carries out cloth, discharging, allow the forage after prewetting shed fill up tunnel as uniform filling, filler width 5m, packed height reaches 3.5m.
Forage produces a large amount of heats after meeting water under the effect of microorganism, and first phase fermentation requires that the temperature of fermentation material controls at 80 DEG C, and the carbon of the forms such as the Mierocrystalline cellulose in wheat straw and hemicellulose is decomposed under the effect of high temperature thermophilic microorganism.Ferment when within the 6th day, temperature reaches the highest and starts to decline and will carry out roll-over, by shovel loader and filling machine, fermentation material is proceeded in another one time fermentation tunnel.Turned a storehouse every 3 days, such roll-over just can complete one time fermentation process 3 times.According to the suitable moisturizing of moisture situation in material during roll-over, moisture is made to maintain about 75%.Whole fermentation time is 12 days.
The Detection job index of first phase fermentation ends fermentation material is: moisture 72%, nitrogen content 1.7%, pH value 8.2.Visual appearance standard is: brownish black, have light ammonia odor, the peculiar smell such as odorless, acid.Without raw excrement group, tack-free, pull at grass and namely break, firmly pinch and expect that webs have 1,2 to drip and drip.
2, Secondary Fermentation:
The completely airtight tunnel with heat insulation function with one time fermentation tunnel unlike Secondary Fermentation tunnel, for low pressure gale amount system, accurately can control material temperature, in fermentation, most important pasteurize stage and beneficial microorganism cultivation stage all complete in Secondary Fermentation, make culture material have very strong selectivity.Have the temperature curve tendency set in Secondary Fermentation Controlling System, Controlling System computer controls fermentation material temperature automatically according to curve, can realize unmanned manipulation.
The base-material of a tunnel fermentation is piled up on the ventilating floor in Secondary Fermentation tunnel equably, expect high 2m, 5 days whole Secondary Fermentation time, control fermentation material temperature by fan operation, comprise equilibrium stage, temperature rise period, pasteurization, cooling, constant temperature culture, cooling discharge:
2.1 equilibrium stages: 6.5 hours time, fermentation material temperature range 48 DEG C, air themperature 47 DEG C.This stage mainly makes fermentation material by blower fan oepration at full load, and temperature is all more balanced everywhere;
2.2 temperature rise periods: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature rises to 57 DEG C, and air themperature rises to 56 DEG C.This stage reduces running frequency by blower fan, and resh air requirement reduces makes fermentation material temperature rise.
2.3 pasteurizations: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature 57 DEG C, air themperature 55 DEG C.This stage is the most important phase of fermenting step, is all killed under the miscellaneous bacteria harmful to bisporous mushroom and worm's ovum stablized 58 degree of temperature at 8 hours, can ensure the generation without miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest in mushroom room cultivation link like this.
2.4 coolings: 4 hours time, fermentation material temperature is down to 49 DEG C, and air themperature is down to 46 DEG C.This stage control system strengthens fan operation frequency, increases resh air requirement and reaches cooling object.
2.5 constant temperature culture: 4 days time, fermentation material temperature 50 C, air themperature 46 DEG C.
2.6 cooling discharges: 8 hours time, material temperature is down to 26 DEG C, can reduce material temperature to 25 DEG C when ammonia transforms complete, in order to avoid bacterial classification is killed by high temperature during sowing.
Embodiment 3.
1, one time fermentation:
1.1 get the raw materials ready
Substratum starting material are formed by following composition mixed preparing: Herba Hordei Vulgaris 45 tons, cow dung 30 tons, corn cob 15 tons, rapeseed cake 5 tons, 2 tons, urea, 3 tons, gypsum;
Forage: according to zymotechnique flow operations, Herba Hordei Vulgaris length is 20cm, processes wheat straw with Machine for cutting straws.Require Herba Hordei Vulgaris without going mouldy, water content is 15%.
Cow dung: placement more than 7 days after the cow dung that new transport is returned is placed on and fully stirs in manure storage the pond in, allows its natural degradation.Wet cow dung nitrogen content (dry sample nitrogenous more than 2.5%), ash content less than 28%, water content 83%.
Corn cob granule diameter is 0.8cm, water content 13%.
Terra alba: noncrystalline calcium sulfate, purity more than 98%, fineness 120 order.
Rapeseed cake: water content less than 12%, dry sample nitrogenous more than 5.5%.
1.2 prewet: carry out batch mixing in pond with shovel loader and prewet prewetting,
The first step: be evenly laid in by forage and prewet in pond, 1.1m is thick, then waters and drenches in haystack.Wheat straw absorbs water and starts the fermenting process of wheat straw, and quality starts deliquescing and absorbs more moisture.With forklift, forage is piled a raft after prewetting 3 days, vexed heap 12 hours, make its heating temp to 40 DEG C;
Second step: add cow dung excrement, gypsum and rapeseed cake,
Be mixed cow dung, stir, cow dung in pond is fully mixed, forage mixes with cow dung, allows forage fully absorb cow dung, is laid in by mixed forage on pre-treatment of raw material place, gypsum and rapeseed cake uniform spreading are sprinkled upon on wheat straw, then use filling machine embankment upthrow one time, allow gypsum and rapeseed cake and forage fully mix, place 14 hours.
Fermentation material technical indicator after combination treatment is as follows: moisture 78-80%, nitrogen content 1.5%, pH value about 8.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio 33:1.Carbon source is mainly from forage.Nitrogenous source one is the nitrogen contained by forage itself, and two is the nitrogen contained in cow dung, and three is the nitrogen contained in rapeseed cake.
1.3 tunnel fermentations
By filling machine, mixed fermentation material is inserted on the ventilating floor in one time fermentation tunnel, the material of pre-heap fermentation is transported on yaw throwing machine and carries out cloth, discharging, allow the forage after prewetting shed fill up tunnel as uniform filling, filler width 5m, packed height reaches 3.5m.
Forage produces a large amount of heats after meeting water under the effect of microorganism, and first phase fermentation requires that the temperature of fermentation material controls at 80 DEG C, and the carbon of the forms such as the Mierocrystalline cellulose in wheat straw and hemicellulose is decomposed under the effect of high temperature thermophilic microorganism.Ferment when within the 6th day, temperature reaches the highest and starts to decline and will carry out roll-over, by shovel loader and filling machine, fermentation material is proceeded in another one time fermentation tunnel.Turned a storehouse every 3 days, such roll-over just can complete one time fermentation process 4 times.According to the suitable moisturizing of moisture situation in material during roll-over, moisture is made to maintain about 75%.Whole fermentation time is 15 days.
The Detection job index of first phase fermentation ends fermentation material is: moisture 72%, nitrogen content 1.7%, pH value 8.2.Visual appearance standard is: brownish black, have light ammonia odor, the peculiar smell such as odorless, acid.Without raw excrement group, tack-free, pull at grass and namely break, firmly pinch and expect that webs have 1,2 to drip and drip.
2, Secondary Fermentation:
The completely airtight tunnel with heat insulation function with one time fermentation tunnel unlike Secondary Fermentation tunnel, for low pressure gale amount system, accurately can control material temperature, in fermentation, most important pasteurize stage and beneficial microorganism cultivation stage all complete in Secondary Fermentation, make culture material have very strong selectivity.Have the temperature curve tendency set in Secondary Fermentation Controlling System, Controlling System computer controls fermentation material temperature automatically according to curve, can realize unmanned manipulation.
The base-material of a tunnel fermentation is piled up on the ventilating floor in Secondary Fermentation tunnel equably, expect high 3m, 9 days whole Secondary Fermentation time, control fermentation material temperature by fan operation, comprise equilibrium stage, temperature rise period, pasteurization, cooling, constant temperature culture, cooling discharge:
2.1 equilibrium stages: 7 hours time, fermentation material temperature range 49 DEG C, air themperature 48 DEG C.This stage mainly makes fermentation material by blower fan oepration at full load, and temperature is all more balanced everywhere;
2.2 temperature rise periods: 10 hours time, fermentation material temperature rises to 58 DEG C, and air themperature rises to 57 DEG C.This stage reduces running frequency by blower fan, and resh air requirement reduces makes fermentation material temperature rise.
2.3 pasteurizations: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature 58 DEG C, air themperature 57 DEG C.This stage is the most important phase of fermenting step, is all killed under the miscellaneous bacteria harmful to bisporous mushroom and worm's ovum stablized 58 degree of temperature at 8 hours, can ensure the generation without miscellaneous bacteria and insect pest in mushroom room cultivation link like this.
2.4 coolings: 4 hours time, fermentation material temperature is down to 50 DEG C, and air themperature is down to 48 DEG C.This stage control system strengthens fan operation frequency, increases resh air requirement and reaches cooling object.
2.5 constant temperature culture: 6 days time, fermentation material temperature 49 DEG C, air themperature 47 DEG C.
2.6 cooling discharges: 8 hours time, material temperature is down to 25 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is: the length × wide × height in Secondary Fermentation tunnel is 30m × 6m × 4m, and be fixed with Controlling System on roof blower fan side, automatically control leavening temperature, tunnel bottom is embedded with pvc pipe and makes vent-pipe, hole density 200mm × 300mm.Ground is concrete duct bar construction, and tunnel internal body of wall has inside 10cm lagging material, metope installs water-proof material.Metope outside plate adopts the aluminum-zinc alloy substrate that 0.426mm is thick, PU and the EPS sandwich color steel plate that ceiling and interior wall adopt 0.426mm thick respectively, furred ceiling Sandwich materials thickness 55mm, body of wall and heat insulation door Sandwich materials thickness 100mm, below 1.2m brick wall all pastes 100mm styrofoam, and 100mm expanded pearlite insulating layer is all done on ground.
Secondary Fermentation terminates secondary fermentation material technical indicator: moisture 68%, nitrogen content 2%, pH value 7.5-8.Because Secondary Fermentation is through pasteurization, very pure carrier for bisporous mushroom, therefore strict disinfectant measure must be taked in Secondary Fermentation discharge zone, ground, discharge zone, the vehicle entered, personnel etc. must spray with lysol thimerosal, to avoid fermentation material by extraneous living contaminants.
Effect comparison: in embodiment 1, fermentation material is out exactly produce the culture material needed in secondary tunnel, can be directly used in inoculation and produce.The fermentation material in Secondary Fermentation and a tunnel has notable difference (see table 1), with the culture material difference of produced in conventional processes also obviously (see table 2).After secondary tunnel Concentrated fermentation terminates, culture material actinomycetes are a lot, and in canescence, tack-free, flexible, the transparent shape of leach liquor, pH7.5-8, water content 66.3%, nitrogen content 2.15%, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 17.2:1, without ammonia taste.These indexs of culture material are close to external Concentrated fermentation culture material quality level.The culture material actinomycetes of traditional mode of production are little, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20.0:1, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is large, and belong to wilfully, ferment thoroughly, nitrogen content 1.05%, belongs on the low side, nutrient is not enough.The mycelia situation that actinomycetes amount after fermentation and culture material send out bacterium shows, culture material actinomycetes, the culture material dense trichobacteria silk of conventional production are less, of poor quality.
Claims (8)
1. a bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation work:
Get the raw materials ready: substratum starting material are formed by following composition and weight ratio mixed preparing: Herba Hordei Vulgaris 45%, cow dung 30%, corn cob 15%, rapeseed cake 5%, urea 2%, gypsum 3%;
Prewet: be evenly laid in by forage and prewet in pond, forage thickness is 1-1.2m, waters in haystack, prewets 2-5 days, by vexed for forage heap 12-15 hour, makes its heating temp to 40 DEG C-50 DEG C;
Add cow dung, gypsum and rapeseed cake, fully mix, place 12-15 hour;
(2) tunnels fermentation: mixed fermentation material is inserted on the ventilating floor in one time fermentation tunnel, allows the forage after prewetting shed fill up tunnel as uniform filling,
Ferment 4-6 days, proceeded to by fermentation material in another one time fermentation tunnel, turned a storehouse every 3 days, roll-over 3-4 times, whole fermentation time is 12-15 days;
First phase fermentation requires that the temperature of fermentation material controls at 70 DEG C-80 DEG C;
(3) Secondary Fermentation
The base-material of a tunnel fermentation is piled up on the ventilating floor in Secondary Fermentation tunnel equably, expect high 2m-3m, secondary tunnel fermentation time 5-9 days, control fermentation material temperature by fan operation, comprise equilibrium stage, temperature rise period, pasteurization, cooling, constant temperature culture, cooling discharge
Equilibrium stage: time 6.5-7.5 hour, fermentation material temperature range 48-50 DEG C, air themperature 47-48 DEG C;
Temperature rise period: 8-12 hours time, fermentation material temperature rises to 57-58 DEG C, and air themperature rises to 56-58 DEG C;
Pasteurization: 8 hours time, fermentation material temperature 57-58 DEG C, air themperature 55-56 DEG C;
Cooling: 4 hours time, fermentation material temperature is down to 48-50 DEG C, and air themperature is down to 46-48 DEG C;
Constant temperature culture: 4-6 days time, fermentation material temperature 48 DEG C-50 DEG C, air themperature 45-47 DEG C;
Cooling discharge: time 6-8 hour, material temperature is down to 24-26 DEG C by 48 DEG C.
2. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Herba Hordei Vulgaris length is 20cm-40cm, water content 15%-18%.
3. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described corn cob granule diameter is 0.8cm-1.5cm, water content 13%-15%.
4. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described gypsum is noncrystalline calcium sulfate, purity more than 98%, fineness 100-120 order.
5. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the water content of rapeseed cake is not more than 12%, dry sample nitrogenous more than 5.5%.
6. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described one time fermentation tunnel, tunnel length and width and height are respectively 24.5m, 5m and 4m.
7. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described Secondary Fermentation tunnel, tunnel length and width and height are respectively 30m, 6m and 4m, assembling, at rear, tunnel, controls leavening temperature automatically, and tunnel bottom is embedded with pvc pipe and makes vent-pipe, hole density is 200mm × 300mm, ground is concrete duct bar construction, and tunnel internal body of wall is provided with 10cm lagging material, installs water-proof material inside metope.
8. a kind of bisporous mushroom culture material Concentrated fermentation method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: Secondary Fermentation tunnel metope outside plate adopts the aluminum-zinc alloy substrate that 0.426mm is thick, the PU sandwich color steel plate that ceiling and interior wall adopt 0.426mm thick respectively and EPS sandwich color steel plate, furred ceiling Sandwich materials thickness 55mm, body of wall and heat insulation door Sandwich materials thickness 100mm, below 1.2m brick wall all pastes 100mm styrofoam, and ground is provided with 100mm expanded pearlite insulating layer.
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| CN111226695A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-05 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Agaricus bisporus culture medium capable of efficiently utilizing needle mushroom waste materials and preparation method and device |
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