CN104890464B - Semi-independent suspension with inclined leaf springs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a semi-independent suspension adopting inclined leaf springs, which belongs to the field of automobile engineering. The suspension includes two semi-independent suspension devices on both sides of the frame, half shaft and frame; the suspension device on each side includes four oblique leaf springs; the first and fourth oblique leaf springs are Symmetry, the second and third oblique leaf springs are symmetrical about the semi-axis; the intersection line of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the first and fourth oblique leaf springs and the second and third oblique plates The intersection lines of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes determined by the springs are parallel or collinear to each other. The present invention belongs to the semi-independent suspension in essence, and there is no hard axle direct connection between the wheels on the left and right sides of the suspension, which has better handling stability and ride comfort than the traditional non-independent leaf spring suspension. At the same time, the four parallel leaf springs can effectively bear and ease the impact, so that it has better load-bearing capacity and reliability; moreover, the load-bearing center distance on both sides and the steering range of the wheels are increased, so that the vehicle has better low-speed flexibility .

Description

A Semi-Independent Suspension Using Inclined Leaf Springs

technical field

The invention relates to a suspension applied to vehicles, in particular to a semi-independent suspension for heavy-duty vehicles using leaf springs, and belongs to the field of automobile engineering.

Background technique

Suspension is a general term for related devices that ensure that there is an elastic connection between the wheel (or axle) and the frame (or body) and can transmit loads, ease shocks, dampen vibrations, and adjust the position of the car body during driving. The suspension directly determines the handling stability and ride comfort of the vehicle.

The front axle structure of general commercial vehicles adopts non-independent leaf spring suspension system. Since the wheels on both sides of the non-independent leaf spring suspension are connected by hard shafts, the wheels on both sides interfere with each other when they jump, resulting in vehicle handling stability and smooth driving. At the same time, in order to ensure a large load-bearing center distance, the lateral distance between the frame and the wheels limits the maximum turning angle of the wheels, making the low-speed flexibility of the car poor.

Semi-independent or independent suspension can effectively avoid the interaction between the wheels on both sides. Improve the vehicle's operational stability and ride comfort. Chinese patent literature (publication numbers CN104175824A and CN103963590A) discloses a semi-independent steel plate suspension, which adopts the arrangement of oblique leaf springs, and has the characteristics of improving wheel alignment parameters and increasing the bearing center distance. However, the suspension leaf spring involved in the above-mentioned patented technology is a multi-leaf composite leaf spring, and relative movement is allowed between the leaf spring and the steering knuckle, which is likely to cause serious wear and tear on the leaf spring and the steering knuckle during the wheel beating process, and may even occur under extreme loads. An accident in which a wheel falls off sideways.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the traditional use of non-independent leaf spring suspension causes the bouncing of the wheels on both sides to interact with each other and the maximum wheel angle is limited, as well as the problems of poor reliability and bearing capacity of the semi-independent leaf spring suspension involved in the prior art. Provides a semi-independent suspension structure using oblique leaf springs to ensure the load-carrying capacity and reliability of the vehicle, increase the load-bearing center distance, reduce the variation of wheel alignment parameters, reduce abnormal wear of tires, and further improve the overall The anti-rolling ability of the vehicle is conducive to the stability of the vehicle operation.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A semi-independent suspension using oblique leaf springs, including a frame, two half-axles and two semi-independent suspension devices on both sides of the frame, and the semi-independent suspension devices on each side include leaf springs, axle connections component, wheel and frame connecting member; the frame connecting member is fixed on the vehicle frame, the axle connecting member is fixedly connected to the axle shaft; Frame hinge;

It is characterized in that: the leaf spring includes four inclined leaf springs, that is, the first inclined leaf spring, the second inclined leaf spring, the third inclined leaf spring and the fourth inclined leaf spring, each One end of the inclined leaf spring is connected to the frame connecting member, and the other end is connected to the axle connecting member; the first inclined leaf spring and the fourth inclined leaf spring are symmetrical about the semi-axis, and the second inclined leaf spring The spring and the third oblique leaf spring are symmetrical about the semi-axis, the intersection line of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the first oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring and the second oblique leaf spring, the third oblique leaf spring The intersecting lines of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes defined by the oblique leaf springs are parallel or collinear to each other.

The technical feature of the present invention is also that, the included angle range of the central plane of longitudinal symmetry determined by the first inclined leaf spring and the fourth inclined leaf spring is 60°-120°, and the second inclined leaf spring The angle range between the spring and the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the third oblique leaf spring is 60°-120°.

Preferably, the angle between the longitudinal center plane of symmetry defined by the first oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring is 90°, and the angle between the second oblique leaf spring and the third oblique leaf spring The included angle of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane is 90°.

Another technical feature of the present invention is that: the half shaft is connected with the vehicle frame through the first pin shaft, and a rubber bush is installed on the first pin shaft.

Another feature of the present invention is that: the end of the half shaft close to the wheel is hinged to the disconnected half shaft through the second pin shaft, and the disconnected half shaft is fixedly connected to the axle connecting member.

In the above technical solution, a first rubber backing plate is provided between each inclined leaf spring and the frame connecting member; a second rubber backing plate is arranged between each inclined leaf spring and the axle connecting member; or Each slanted leaf spring is connected to the axle connecting member through bolts, and rubber bushings are arranged on the bolts.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects: Compared with the integral axle, the semi-independent oblique leaf spring suspension adopted in the present invention effectively avoids the impact of the up and down movement of one wheel on the other. The impact of the side wheels improves the ride comfort of the vehicle; at the same time, the oblique leaf spring adopted is compared with the traditional longitudinal multi-leaf leaf spring design, which can effectively reduce the variation of the wheel positioning parameters during the driving process of the vehicle. The spring is essentially a parallel structure, which ensures the load-carrying capacity and reliability of the vehicle and reduces the abnormal wear of the tires. At the same time, its load-bearing center distance is relatively large, which improves the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle and is beneficial to the handling stability of the vehicle. Compared with the semi-independent leaf spring suspensions involved in the prior art (CN104175824A and CN103963590A), the semi-independent suspension is connected with the half shaft at the same time in the present invention, which can not only improve the overall stiffness of the suspension, improve the wheel positioning parameters, but also greatly increase the suspension The carrying capacity and reliability of the frame system; at the same time, the leaf spring is a single-leaf leaf spring, which can reduce the difficulty of processing and assembly technology and reduce production costs, and both ends of the leaf spring are fixed by bolts, avoiding the need for leaf springs in CN104175824A and CN103963590A The active connection with the steering knuckle can ensure the reliability of the suspension system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of connection of two ends of an inclined leaf spring.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the structure of four oblique leaf springs and the half shaft and the vehicle frame.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the oblique leaf spring and the axle connecting member using rubber bushings.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the oblique leaf spring and the rubber bushing.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the semi-shaft connection form.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another connection form of the half shaft.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another connection form between the axle shaft and the frame.

Fig. 9 is another structural schematic diagram of the disconnected axle shaft and the axle connecting member.

In the figure: 1—frame; 2a—the first inclined leaf spring; 2b—the second inclined leaf spring; 2c—the third inclined leaf spring; 2d—the fourth inclined leaf spring; 3— Frame connecting member; 4—wheel; 5—axle connecting member; 6—half shaft; 7—first pin; 8a—first rubber backing plate; 8b—second rubber backing plate; 9—first rubber lining 10—second rubber bushing; 11—second pin shaft; 12—disconnected half shaft.

detailed description

The structural principles and specific implementation methods of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention, and its overall structure is symmetrical about m plane (m plane is the center plane of longitudinal symmetry of vehicle frame 1), and this oblique leaf spring semi-independent suspension comprises vehicle frame 1, axle shaft 6 and vehicle frame Two semi-independent suspension devices on both sides, each semi-independent suspension device includes a leaf spring, an axle connecting member 5 , a wheel 4 and a vehicle frame connecting member 3 . One end of the half shaft 6 is connected to the vehicle frame 1 through the first 7 , and the other end is fixed to the axle connecting member 5 . The frame connecting member 3 is connected to the frame 1 by bolts, and the axle connecting member 5 is consolidated with the axle shaft 6; the leaf spring includes four inclined leaf springs, that is, the first inclined leaf spring 2a, the second inclined leaf spring The leaf spring 2b, the third inclined leaf spring 2c and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d, one end of each inclined leaf spring is connected with the frame connecting member 3, and the other end is connected with the axle connecting member 5; One inclined leaf spring 2a and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d are symmetrical about the semi-axis, the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring 2c are symmetrical about the semi-axis; the first inclined leaf spring 2a, the line of intersection of the longitudinal center plane of symmetry determined by the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d and the intersection line of the longitudinal center plane of symmetry determined by the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring 2c are parallel to each other or collinear.

The included angle range of the longitudinal symmetrical central plane determined by the first inclined leaf spring 2a and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d is 60°～120°, and the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring The included angle range of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the leaf spring 2c is 60°-120°. Preferably, the included angle between the longitudinal symmetrical central plane defined by the first oblique leaf spring 2a and the fourth oblique leaf spring 2d is 90°, and the second oblique leaf spring 2b and the third oblique leaf spring The included angle of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by 2c is 90°. This arrangement makes full use of the limited space of the vehicle, and at the same time enables the oblique leaf spring suspension to have better rigidity and strength.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of two ends of an oblique leaf spring, wherein the first oblique leaf spring 2a is equipped with a first rubber backing plate 8a at one end, and then connected with the frame connecting member 3 by bolts; the other end is installed with a second rubber The backing plate 8b is then connected to the axle connecting member 5 through bolts; the rubber bushing can buffer the load and improve the ride comfort of the vehicle.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of four inclined leaf springs and the connection between the half shaft and the frame. One end of each inclined leaf spring is connected to the frame connecting member 3 by bolts, and the other end is also connected to the axle connecting frame 5 by bolts. Above, the axle connecting member 5 is solidified with the half shaft 6, and the frame connecting member 3 is connected with the frame 1 by bolts. The connection form of four leaf springs is the same.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connecting structure between the oblique leaf spring and the axle using a rubber bushing, wherein Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4 on the π plane (the π plane is the longitudinal symmetrical center plane of the fourth oblique leaf spring); Each inclined leaf spring is connected to the axle connecting member through bolts, and a first rubber bushing is installed on the bolts. The rubber bushing and the rubber backing plate have similar functions, and have the functions of alleviating impact load and avoiding stress concentration.

Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the half shaft connection form, one end of the half shaft 6 is consolidated with the axle connecting member 5, and the other end is connected with the vehicle frame 1 through the first pin shaft 7, and the second shaft shaft 7 is installed on the first pin shaft 7. Rubber bushing 10.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another connection form of the half shaft, the side shaft 6 close to the wheel is hinged with the disconnected half shaft 12 through the second pin shaft 11, the disconnected half shaft 12 is consolidated with the axle connecting member 5, The other end is connected with the vehicle frame 1 through the first pin shaft 7 , and the second rubber bushing 10 is installed on the first pin shaft 7 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of another connection form between the axle shaft and the frame, the overall structure of which is symmetrical about the longitudinal symmetrical center plane m of the frame. The half shaft is divided into left and right parts, and the left and right parts are connected by the second pin shaft 11 . This arrangement scheme can effectively reduce the influence of the change of the semi-axis attitude angle on the wheel alignment parameters when the wheel jumps up and down.

Another embodiment of the connection method between the inclined leaf spring and the axle connecting member 5 is: the end of the inclined leaf spring is processed into a roll ear structure, and then connected to the axle connecting member 5 through bolts; as shown in Figure 4, it is an inclined Schematic diagram of the structure of the leaf spring and the axle connecting member; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along the π plane, the oblique leaf spring is connected to the axle connecting member 5 through bolts, and rubber bushings 9 are installed on the bolts.

The preferred arrangement of the two semi-axes of the front axle in the present invention is: the left and right semi-axes of the vehicle frame are symmetrical about the longitudinal symmetrical center plane m of the vehicle frame 1, and the axes of the left and right semi-axes are on the same plane, or the left and right two semi-axes are on the same plane. The semi-axes are arranged in an inverted V shape. This scheme not only improves the passability of the vehicle, but also improves the carrying capacity of the vehicle.

The preferred connection form of the semi-axis in the present invention is a disconnected type: the semi-axis is divided into two parts, left and right, namely the disconnected semi-axis 12 and the semi-axis 6, and the semi-axis 6 is longer than the disconnected semi-axis 12, and the two pass through the second half shaft. Two pin shafts 11 are connected. This arrangement scheme can effectively reduce the influence of the change of the semi-axis attitude angle on the wheel alignment parameters when the wheel jumps up and down.

The semi-independent suspension structure of inclined leaf springs is adopted in the present invention. Compared with the traditional design of non-independent longitudinal multi-leaf leaf springs, it can effectively reduce the variation of wheel positioning parameters during vehicle driving, and at the same time, the inclined leaf springs are essentially It belongs to the parallel structure, which ensures the carrying capacity and reliability of the vehicle and reduces the abnormal wear of the tires. At the same time, its bearing center distance is relatively large, which improves the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle and is beneficial to the handling stability of the vehicle. Compared with the semi-independent leaf spring suspensions involved in the prior art CN104175824A and CN103963590A, the suspensions on both sides of the present invention are connected to the half shaft at the same time, which can not only improve the overall stiffness of the suspension, improve the wheel positioning parameters, but also greatly increase the suspension capacity of the suspension. The carrying capacity and reliability of the system; at the same time, the leaf spring is a single-leaf leaf spring, which can reduce the difficulty of processing and assembly technology and reduce production costs, and both ends of the leaf spring are fixed by bolts, avoiding the separation of the leaf springs in CN104175824A and CN103963590A The active connection mode of the steering knuckle can ensure the reliability of the suspension system.

In the present invention, other components such as bolts, hub units, braking systems, etc. are not involved. According to known parameters such as the specific operating conditions of different models and the specific dimensions of each component, the appropriate type and parameter unit of the relevant components can be selected for design, because these components do not relate to the essential features of the structure of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. use a semi-independent suspension for tilting leaf spring, including vehicle frame (1), two semiaxis (6) and the two and half of vehicle frame both sides Independent suspension frame unit, the semi-independent draft hitch of every side includes that leaf spring, vehicle bridge connecting elements (5), wheel (4) and vehicle frame connect Component (3)；Vehicle frame connecting elements (3) is fixed on vehicle frame (1), and vehicle bridge connecting elements (5) and semiaxis (6) are affixed； Semiaxis (6) is affixed with vehicle bridge connecting elements (5) near wheel one end, and the other end passes through the first bearing pin (7) and vehicle frame (1) Hinged；

It is characterized in that: described leaf spring includes four tilting leaf springs, i.e. the tilting leaf spring of first (2a), second tilting leaf spring (2b), 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c) and the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d), every tilting leaf spring one end is with vehicle frame connecting elements (3) even Connecing, the other end is connected with vehicle bridge connecting elements (5)；The tilting leaf spring of described first (2a) and the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d) Symmetrical about semiaxis (6), second tilting leaf spring (2b) is symmetrical about semiaxis (6) with the 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c), The intersection of longitudinally asymmetric median plane determined by the tilting leaf spring of first (2a), the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d) and second tilting The intersection of longitudinally asymmetric median plane determined by leaf spring (2b), the 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c) is parallel to each other or conllinear.

2. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: first canted-plate Determined by spring (2a) and the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d), the angular range of longitudinally asymmetric median plane is 60^°～120^°, second Determined by tilting leaf spring (2b) and the 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c), the angular range of longitudinally asymmetric median plane is 60^°～120^°。

3. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 2, it is characterised in that: first canted-plate Determined by spring 2a and the 4th tilting leaf spring 2d, the angle of longitudinally asymmetric median plane is 90 °, second tilting leaf spring 2b with Determined by 3rd tilting leaf spring 2c, the angle of longitudinally asymmetric median plane is 90 °.

4. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that: described Semiaxis (6) is connected with vehicle frame by the first bearing pin (7), and is provided with rubber bushing (10) on the first bearing pin.

5. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that: semiaxis (6) Hinged with breakaway-element semiaxis (12) by the second bearing pin (11) near wheel one end, breakaway-element semiaxis (12) is connected with vehicle bridge Component (5) is fixing to be connected.

6. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: every tilting leaf spring And between vehicle frame connecting elements (3), it is provided with the first rubber mat plate (8a)；Between every tilting leaf spring and vehicle bridge connecting elements (5) It is provided with the second rubber mat plate (8b).

7. according to a kind of semi-independent suspension using tilting leaf spring described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: every tilting leaf spring It is bolted with vehicle bridge connecting elements (5), bolt is provided with rubber bushing (9).