CN204774460U - Adopt rigid axle suspension of putting leaf spring to one side - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a non-independent suspension adopting inclined leaf springs, which belongs to the technical field of automobile engineering. The suspension includes a frame, an integral axle and two suspension devices on both sides of the frame; the suspension device on each side includes four oblique leaf springs, axle connecting members, wheels and frame connecting members; the first The first and fourth oblique leaf springs are symmetrical about the axle, and the second and third oblique leaf springs are symmetrical about the axle; the intersection of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes determined by the first and fourth oblique leaf springs The intersection lines of the line and the longitudinal symmetrical center plane defined by the second and third oblique leaf springs are parallel or collinear. The utility model has simple structure and reasonable layout, and the four parallel leaf springs can carry more effectively and ease the impact; compared with the traditional vertical leaf spring suspension, the oblique leaf spring suspension structure not only has excellent bearing capacity and reliability , and can reduce the variation of wheel alignment parameters, increase the load-bearing center distance on both sides, increase the steering range of the wheels, and make the vehicle have better low-speed flexibility.

Description

A Dependent Suspension Using Inclined Leaf Springs

technical field

The utility model relates to a suspension applied to vehicles, in particular to a non-independent suspension of heavy-duty vehicles using leaf springs, and belongs to the technical field of automobile engineering.

Background technique

Automobile suspension is a general term for related devices that ensure that there is an elastic connection between the wheel (or axle) and the frame (or body) and can transmit loads, ease shocks, attenuate vibrations, and adjust the position of the car body during driving. The suspension directly determines the operating stability and driving stability of the car, and is an important part of the car chassis. Suspension can generally be divided into non-independent suspension, independent suspension and semi-independent suspension. The structural feature of the non-independent suspension is that the wheels on both sides are connected by an integral axle, and the wheels and the axle are integrally connected with the frame through elastic components. The non-independent suspension has large bearing capacity, high reliability, simple structure and easy production The advantage of low cost; the structural feature of the independent suspension is that the wheels on each side are connected to the frame separately through elastic components; the structural feature of the semi-independent suspension is that the wheels on both sides are connected through elastic components, and the wheels and elastic components are then connected to the frame .

At present, the suspensions used by commercial vehicles are all non-independent leaf spring suspensions. The suspension includes a bridge and multiple leaf springs on both sides of the frame. The leaf springs are arranged longitudinally along the frame, and one end of the leaf spring is hinged to the frame. The other end is hinged to the frame through a swing rod, and the axle is fixedly connected to the middle of the leaf springs on both sides through suspension rings and other components. It has the following disadvantages: 1) Due to the asymmetrical structure of the longitudinal leaf springs with respect to the axle, the vehicle is in the process of driving. , the deformation of the leaf spring under load leads to a wide range of wheel positioning parameters, which is not conducive to the stability of the vehicle operation, and the abnormal wear of the wheel is serious; 2) The vertical multi-leaf spring is essentially a series structure. , which will lead to the failure of the entire suspension, and its reliability is poor; 3) The lateral distance of the vertical leaf springs on both sides of the frame is the bearing center distance. In order to improve the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle, the bearing center distance must be increased , resulting in a decrease in the lateral distance between the wheel and the frame or the steering rod, which may lead to structural interference and further reduce the steering range of the wheel. On the contrary, increasing the steering range of the wheel will reduce the bearing center distance, and the vehicle can resist roll Reduced capacity.

Chinese patent documents (publication numbers CN104175824A and CN103963590A) disclose a leaf spring suspension, in which the leaf springs are arranged at a certain angle with the vehicle frame, the structure is symmetrical and has the functional characteristics of improving wheel alignment parameters. However, the suspension involved in the above-mentioned patented technology is essentially an independent suspension, and its bearing capacity is limited; moreover, the leaf spring is a multi-leaf composite leaf spring, which has high requirements for the processing and assembly process of the leaf spring. Once some of the parts fail, it may In addition, the connecting end of the leaf spring and the steering knuckle adopts the structural design of the embedded slot hole, which allows the leaf spring to move in the slot hole, which will easily cause serious wear and tear on the contact part of the leaf spring and the steering knuckle during the beating process of the wheel. Under extreme loads, there may even be an accident that the leaf spring falls off from the slot and the wheel falls off sideways. Therefore, the bearing capacity and reliability of the suspension need to be further improved.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to provide a non-independent suspension adopting inclined leaf springs, so that the suspension can improve the wheel positioning parameters, increase the bearing center distance, and further improve the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle. It is essentially a parallel structure, and the load bearing Capability and reliability are better than traditional multi-leaf leaf springs. At the same time, the integral axle will further improve the bearing capacity and reliability of the suspension.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A non-independent suspension using inclined leaf springs, including a vehicle frame, an integral axle and two suspension devices on both sides of the frame, each suspension device includes an inclined leaf spring, an axle connecting member, a wheel 1. The frame connecting member; the axle connecting member is fixedly connected to the axle, and the axle is connected to the wheel through the bearing hub unit; the frame connecting member is fixed on the vehicle frame; the suspension devices on both sides are connected to the axle; it is characterized in that : the leaf spring comprises four oblique leaf springs, i.e. the first oblique leaf spring, the second oblique leaf spring, the third oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring, each oblique One end of the leaf spring is connected to the frame connecting member, and the other end is connected to the axle connecting member; and the first inclined leaf spring and the fourth inclined leaf spring are symmetrical about the integral axle, and the second inclined leaf spring is connected to the axle. The third oblique leaf spring is symmetrical about the integral axle; the intersection line of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane defined by the first oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring and the second oblique leaf spring, the third oblique leaf spring The intersecting lines of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes defined by the oblique leaf springs are parallel or collinear to each other.

The technical feature of this utility model is that the angle range between the longitudinal symmetrical central plane determined by the first oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring is 60°～120°, the second oblique plate The angle range between the longitudinal symmetry plane determined by the spring and the third inclined leaf spring is 60°～120°.

Preferably, the angle between the longitudinal center plane of symmetry defined by the first oblique leaf spring and the fourth oblique leaf spring is 90°, and the angle between the second oblique leaf spring and the third oblique leaf spring The included angle of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane is 90°.

In the above technical solution, a first rubber backing plate is provided between each oblique leaf spring and the frame connecting member, and a second rubber backing plate is provided between each oblique leaf spring and the axle connecting member; Or a rubber backing plate is provided between each inclined leaf spring and the frame connecting member, each inclined leaf spring is connected to the axle connecting member through bolts, and rubber bushings are installed on the bolts.

In the above technical solution, it is characterized in that one or more oblique leaf springs are added on the basis of four oblique leaf springs, and the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the added oblique leaf springs is in line with the four oblique leaf springs. The intersection lines of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes of the leaf springs are parallel or coincident with each other; any one of the inclined leaf springs can be reduced on the basis of the four inclined leaf springs, or one inclined leaf spring on both sides of the integral axle can be reduced. leaf spring.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and outstanding effects: Compared with the traditional design of vertical multi-leaf leaf springs, the utility model can effectively reduce the variation of the wheel positioning parameters during the driving process of the vehicle, and at the same time The leaf spring is essentially a parallel structure, which ensures the load-carrying capacity and reliability of the vehicle and reduces the abnormal wear of the tire. At the same time, its load-bearing center distance is relatively large, which improves the anti-rolling ability of the whole vehicle and is beneficial to the operation stability of the whole vehicle. Compared with the semi-independent leaf spring suspension involved in the prior art (CN104175824A and CN103963590A), the utility model has a suspension on both sides. The frame is connected with the integral axle at the same time, which can not only increase the overall stiffness of the suspension, improve the wheel positioning parameters, but also greatly increase the bearing capacity and reliability of the suspension system; at the same time, the leaf spring is a single leaf spring, which can reduce the processing time. 1. Difficulty in the assembly process, reducing production cost, and both ends of the leaf spring are fixed by bolts, avoiding the flexible connection mode between the leaf spring and the steering knuckle in CN104175824A and CN103963590A, and can ensure the reliability of the suspension system. Due to the non-independent suspension, the integral axle can greatly improve the bearing capacity and reliability of the suspension system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the utility model.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of both ends of the oblique leaf spring.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the structure of four oblique leaf springs and the axle.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the variation of wheel alignment parameters of a traditional longitudinal leaf spring suspension.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rubber bushing of the non-independent suspension with oblique leaf springs.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the oblique leaf spring and the axle connecting member using rubber bushings.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the oblique leaf spring and the rubber bushing.

In the figure: 1—frame; 2—inclined leaf spring; 2a—the first inclined leaf spring; 2b—the second inclined leaf spring; 2c—the third inclined leaf spring; 2d—the fourth Inclined leaf spring; 3—axle connecting member; 4—wheel; 5—integral axle; 6—frame connecting member; 7a—first rubber backing plate; 7b—second rubber backing plate; 8—rubber lining Cover; 9—vertical leaf spring.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structural principle and specific implementation of the utility model will be further described.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present utility model, and this oblique plate spring non-independent suspension comprises vehicle frame 1, integral axle 5 and two suspension devices on both sides of vehicle frame, and its overall structure is about vehicle frame 1 longitudinal The symmetrical central plane m is symmetrical, and the suspension device on each side includes four inclined leaf springs, the axle connecting member 3, the wheel 4, and the frame connecting member 6; the axle connecting member 3 is fixedly connected to the integral axle 5, and the integral The axle 5 is connected to the wheel 4 through the hub bearing unit; the frame connecting member 6 is fixed on the frame 1; the suspension devices on both sides are connected to the integral axle 5; In the leaf spring 2a, the second inclined leaf spring 2b, the third inclined leaf spring 2c and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d, one end of each inclined leaf spring is connected to the frame connecting member 6, and the other end It is connected with the axle connecting member 3; the first inclined leaf spring 2a and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d are symmetrical about the integral axle, and the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring 2c is symmetrical about the integral axle; the intersection line of the longitudinal symmetrical center plane determined by the first inclined leaf spring 2a and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d and the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring The intersection lines of the longitudinal symmetrical center planes defined by the leaf springs 2c are parallel or collinear to each other;

The range of the included angle of the longitudinal symmetry plane determined by the first inclined leaf spring 2a and the fourth inclined leaf spring 2d is generally 60°～120°, and the second inclined leaf spring 2b and the third inclined leaf spring The included angle of the longitudinal symmetry plane determined by the leaf spring 2c generally ranges from 60° to 120°; The included angle is 90°, and the included angle between the longitudinal symmetrical center plane defined by the second oblique leaf spring 2b and the third oblique leaf spring 2c is 90°. This arrangement makes full use of the limited space of the vehicle, and at the same time enables the oblique leaf spring suspension to have better rigidity and strength.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure at both ends of the oblique leaf spring, in which a first rubber backing plate 7a is installed at one end of the first oblique leaf spring 2a, and then connected to the frame connecting member 6 by bolts; the other end is installed with a second rubber The backing plate 7b is then connected with the axle connecting member 3 by bolts; the rubber backing plate can effectively relieve the impact load and improve the stability of the vehicle.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the oblique leaf spring and the axle, and its structure is symmetrical about the longitudinal symmetrical center plane m of the vehicle frame 1 . One end of the oblique leaf spring is connected to the frame connecting member 6 by bolts, and the other end is also connected to the axle connecting frame 3 by bolts, the axle connecting member 3 is welded on the integral axle 5, and the frame connecting member 6 It is fixed on the vehicle frame 1 by bolts. The connection form of the four oblique leaf springs is the same, realizing the connection between the axle and the frame.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of changes in wheel positioning parameters of the longitudinal leaf springs in the prior art. The longitudinal leaf springs 9 are arranged longitudinally along the direction of the vehicle frame 1, one end of which is hinged to the integral axle 5, and the other end is hinged to the vehicle frame 1 through a connecting rod. . When the wheel 4 is subjected to a vertical load and jumps up, due to the asymmetric structure of the longitudinal leaf spring, not only the longitudinal displacement of the center of the wheel will occur after the deformation of the longitudinal leaf spring, but also the center axis of symmetry of the axle will deflect, resulting in the deviation of the wheel positioning parameters. Obvious changes are not conducive to the operation stability of the vehicle, and the tires are abnormally worn and severely worn.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a non-independent suspension using inclined leaf springs. The first inclined leaf spring 2a and the second inclined leaf spring 2b are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the integral axle 5. When jumping upwards, the deformation of the oblique leaf spring is symmetrical, and the symmetrical central axis of the axle will not deflect; at the same time, the axle is connected to the suspension on both sides, so that the wheelbase on the left and right sides remains unchanged, so the wheel alignment during the jumping process The parameters remain unchanged in theory. When the wheel is subjected to lateral or longitudinal loads, the wheel alignment parameters will change within a small range due to the elastic deformation of the oblique leaf spring. Since the wheel loads in all directions are mainly borne by the leaf springs, when the wheels run out, the oblique leaf springs will receive a larger load, and the oblique leaf springs will produce obvious bending deformation. In order to avoid stress concentration at the fixed end of the oblique leaf springs To cause damage, a rubber backing plate is placed between the inclined leaf spring and the connecting member of the frame and the connecting member of the axle, as shown in Figure 2.

Another embodiment of the connection method between the inclined leaf spring and the axle connecting member 3 is: the end of the inclined leaf spring is processed into a roll ear structure, and a rubber bush 8 is installed, and then the rubber bush 8 is connected to the axle with bolts. The connecting member 3 is connected. As shown in Figure 6, it is a schematic structural view of the oblique leaf spring and the axle connecting member 3; A rubber bushing 8 is installed at the ear of the leaf spring, and is connected with the axle connecting member by bolts.

The oblique leaf spring provided by the utility model is non-independent suspension. In order to increase the bearing capacity of the suspension, the number of oblique leaf springs can be increased by one or more pieces, and only the longitudinal direction determined by each oblique leaf spring is guaranteed. The intersection lines of the symmetrical center planes are parallel or coincident with each other; for light commercial vehicles with small axial load, in order to save space and cost, one piece or one piece of oblique leaf spring on each side of the axle can be reduced symmetrically.

Compared with the traditional multi-leaf leaf spring design, the utility model can effectively reduce the variation of wheel positioning parameters during the driving process of the vehicle. At the same time, the oblique leaf spring is essentially a parallel structure, which ensures the carrying capacity and reliability of the vehicle. , reducing the abnormal wear of the tires, and at the same time, its load-bearing center distance is relatively large, which improves the anti-rolling ability of the vehicle and is beneficial to the handling stability of the vehicle. Compared with the semi-independent leaf spring suspensions involved in CN104175824A and CN103963590A, the suspensions on both sides of the utility model are connected with the integral axle at the same time, which can not only improve the overall stiffness of the suspension, improve the wheel positioning parameters, but also greatly increase the suspension capacity of the suspension. The bearing capacity and reliability of the system; at the same time, the oblique leaf spring is a single-leaf leaf spring, which can reduce the difficulty of processing and assembly technology and reduce production costs, and both ends of the leaf spring are fixed by bolts, avoiding the middle plate of CN104175824A and CN103963590A The active connection between the spring and the steering knuckle can ensure the reliability of the suspension system.

In short, the utility model adopts the structure of parallel oblique leaf springs, and retains the integral axle of the traditional non-independent suspension, which not only reduces the variation of wheel alignment parameters, but also ensures the bearing capacity and reliability of the suspension. There is no technical barrier in batch production under the existing technical conditions, and it has very broad application prospects.

In the present utility model, other components involved in the suspension, such as bolts, hub units, brake systems, etc., are not discussed, because these components do not relate to the essential features of the structure. Appropriate types and parameters of relevant components can be selected according to known parameters such as the specific operating conditions of different models and the specific dimensions of each component.

Claims (7)

1. one kind adopts the dependent suspension of tilting leaf spring, comprise two draft hitchs of vehicle frame (1), rigid axle (5) and vehicle frame both sides, every side draft hitch comprises leaf spring, vehicle bridge transom (3), wheel (4) and vehicle frame transom (6); Vehicle bridge transom (3) is affixed with rigid axle (5), and rigid axle (5) is connected with wheel (4) by hub-bearing unit; Vehicle frame transom (6) is fixed on vehicle frame (1); Both sides draft hitch is all connected with rigid axle (5);

It is characterized in that: described leaf spring comprises four tilting leaf springs, the i.e. tilting leaf spring of first (2a), second tilting leaf spring (2b), the 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c) and the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d), the tilting leaf spring one end of every sheet is connected with vehicle frame transom (6), and the other end is connected with vehicle bridge transom (3); And the tilting leaf spring of first (2a) is symmetrical about rigid axle with the 4th tilting leaf spring (2d), second tilting leaf spring (2b) is symmetrical about rigid axle with the 3rd tilting leaf spring (2c); Parallel to each other or the conllinear of the intersection in the intersection in the tilting leaf spring of first (2a), the 4th determined longitudinal center of symmetry face of tilting leaf spring (2d) and second tilting leaf spring (2b), the 3rd determined longitudinal center of symmetry face of tilting leaf spring (2c).

2. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tilting leaf spring of first (2a) is 60 ° ~ 120 ° with the angular range of the 4th determined longitudinal plane of symmetry of tilting leaf spring (2d), second tilting leaf spring (2b) is 60 ° ~ 120 ° with the angular range of the 3rd determined longitudinal plane of symmetry of tilting leaf spring (2c).

3. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the tilting leaf spring of first (2a) is 90 ° with the angle in the 4th determined longitudinal center of symmetry face of tilting leaf spring (2d), second tilting leaf spring (2b) is 90 ° with the angle in the 3rd determined longitudinal center of symmetry face of tilting leaf spring (2c).

4. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: be often provided with the first rubber tie plate (7a) between the tilting leaf spring of sheet and vehicle frame transom (6), between the tilting leaf spring of every sheet and vehicle bridge transom (3), be provided with the second rubber tie plate (7b).

5. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: be often provided with rubber tie plate (7a) between the tilting leaf spring of sheet and vehicle frame transom (6), be connected with vehicle bridge transom (3) by bolt at the tilting leaf spring of every sheet, and rubber bush (8) is installed on bolt.

6. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the basis of four tilting leaf springs, increase one or more pieces tilting leaf springs, and to increase the determined longitudinal center of symmetry face of tilting leaf spring parallel to each other with the intersection in longitudinal center of symmetry face of described four tilting leaf springs or overlap.

7. according to a kind of dependent suspension adopting tilting leaf spring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the basis of four tilting leaf springs, reduce wherein arbitrary tilting leaf spring, or reduce the tilting leaf spring of a slice of rigid axle both sides respectively.