CN104885754A - Cultivation method of preventing banana continuous cropping obstacle in banana-rice-pineapple crop rotation - Google Patents
Cultivation method of preventing banana continuous cropping obstacle in banana-rice-pineapple crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of preventing banana continuous cropping obstacle in banana-rice-pineapple crop rotation, which comprises that a banana plantation with serious banana continuous cropping obstacle is cleaned away; base fertilizer is put into the banana plantation; water is irrigated into the banana plantation and the plantation is harrowed; on July of the first year, rice is began to be planted; after the rice is harvested, water is drained and the field is dried; the soil is plowed and base fertilizer is put into the field; on January of the second year, pineapple is planted; after the pineapple is harvested, the soil is plowed; planting holes are dug and base fertilizer is put into the planting holes; and on July of the third year, banana is planted again. By circulating this cropping rotation method for 1 to 2 weeks, the banana continuous obstacle can be prevented effectively; the micro-ecological environment of banana plant roots is improved; the banana is promoted to grow; the use of farm chemical is reduced; the production cost of the banana is reduced and the use rate of farmland is increased; and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intensive agriculture and produce high-technology field, relate to the cultivation method of a kind of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle specifically, namely improve banana plant rhizosphere soil ecotope control banana continuous cropping obstacle by crop rotation, and then repair the cultivation method of improvement continuous cropping soil.The growing barrier problem brought with soil physical and chemical property deterioration etc. is increased the weight of for solving banana due to soil-borne disease insect pest that continuous cropping for many years causes.
Background technology
Banana industry is the mainstay industry of China's hot-zone agricultural.In recent years, due to Cultivated Land Area Decrease, economic interests order about the impact with factors such as working conditions, the cropping pattern of banana is all based on large area continuous cropping, along with the increase of the continuous cropping time limit, very likely there is continuous cropping obstacle, main manifestations is that ecological environment of soil worsens, physicochemical character becomes bad, acidifying is hardened, and microflora is unbalance, and soil-borne disease insect pest increases the weight of, in addition the Auto toxicity that root exudates etc. cause causes banana growing way to weaken, disease resistance reduces, and yield and quality declines, and severe patient can cause total crop failure.
At present, banana peasant is in order to obtain high yield, and on the one hand, blindly Use out of range chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen manure, very easily causes soil acidification to harden and nutrient imbalance, spoiled soil microflora balance, cause the wasting of resources and environmental pollution.On the other hand, banana middle peasant is residual to exceed standard to use chemical pesticide control continuous cropping damage by disease and insect not only to cause in a large number, is detrimental to health, equally also destroys ecotope.So just form a kind of vicious circle, the safe and efficient and sustainable development of serious restriction banana cultivation.The reason of banana continuous cropping obstacle is very complicated, is the result of the inner variant factors effect of crop-soil-microorganism and environmental system thereof.The microecosystem imbalance of root district is the main cause that continuous cropping obstacle occurs.Crop rotation is one of effective ways of control continuous cropping obstacle, and efficent rotation can improve the root district micro-ecological environment of continuous cropping banana, and improvement continuous cropping soil proterties, significantly improves economic benefit and the ecological benefits in banana producing region.Therefore this cultivation method has been invented.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that above banana continuous cropping obstacle technology exists, the invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle, adopt banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation plantation, effectively can prevent the generation of banana continuous cropping obstacle by this alternating method circulation 1-2 cycle, improve rhizosphere environment, enhancing development, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, both reduce the production cost of banana, the availability in soil can have been increased again, increase economic benefit.
The present invention's technical scheme adopted of dealing with problems is the cultivation method of a kind of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) banana ground crop rotation rice cultivation: Jiao Yuan serious for banana continuous cropping obstacle is cleared up, then rice basal fertilizer is pressed 5.0thm
-2be sprinkling upon soil surface, deep ploughing soil 30-35cm, turns over rice basal fertilizer and is buckled in deep subsoil, press 2.5thm again before soaked field
-2spread fertilizer over the fields all the other rice basal fertilizers, pour water in soil, water surface elevation is that 5-8cm is applicable to rice cultivation, then carry out raking the soil level, rotary tillage and arm-tie leveling, start rice transplanting rice cultivation at the beginning of 7 months, conveniently culture technique carries out field management, keeps soil to be waterflooding state during Rice Cropping, mid-December, paddy rice was gathered end, draining in 7-10 days before paddy rice harvesting;
(2) paddy rice ground crop rotation plantation pineapple: after paddy rice harvesting, cleaning paddy field, dry field 15-20 days, plowed soils 30-35cm, disposablely before pineapple cultivation press 10.6thm
-2executed in field planting row by pineapple base manure, then do furrow, the wide 1.4m of furrow, furrow height 30cm, furrow are apart from 1.2m; Second Year plants pineapple mid-January, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management, and in late May, the 3rd starts to gather, end of gathering June;
(3) pineapple ground crop rotation plantation banana: pineapple clears up pinery after gathering and terminating in time, and plowed soils 30-35cm, first digs planting pit before banana planting, and the specification of planting pit is 60cm × 60cm × 50cm, and banana base manure is pressed 14.4thm
-2disposable to apply bottom planting pit after blinding, when returning soil, mound needs 10-20 centimetre above ground level; Mid-July plants banana again, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management; In mid-May, the 4th starts to gather, end of gathering June.
The time of the banana ground crop rotation rice cultivation of described step (1) is more than 1 batch or 1 batch, and the rice varieties selected can be South China early cropping indica rice, middle Xian, late Xian or late round-grained rice kind.
The rice basal fertilizer of described step (1) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry adding pineapple stem and leaf to make.
Described rice basal fertilizer be pineapple stem and leaf is worn into 0.2cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 49.61:18.32:32.07 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 18-31, and unit weight controls at 0.5-0.8gcm
-3, moisture controls at 53-63%, and fermentation temperature controls at 55-70 DEG C; The water content of compost is 53.08%, the content of organic matter is 43.78gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.24gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.55gkg
-1, full potassium content is 1.99gkg
-1.
The time of described step (2) banana ground crop rotation plantation pineapple is more than 1 batch or 1 batch, and the pineapple kind selected can be platform agriculture, Bali, Sarawak or cacaine kind.
The pineapple base manure of described step (2) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry adding rice straw to make.
Described pineapple base manure be rice straw is worn into 0.3cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 42.66:23.33:34.01 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 20-32, and unit weight controls at 0.4-0.7gcm
-3, moisture controls at 50-60%, and fermentation temperature controls at 53-67 DEG C; The water content of compost is 51.93%, the content of organic matter is 38.65gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.12gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.37gkg
-1, full potassium content is 1.86gkg
-1.
The banana variety of described step (3) can be Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants, dwarf banana or emperor any of several broadleaf plants kind.
The banana base manure of described step (3) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously adding rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf to make.
Described banana base manure be rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf are worn into 0.2cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 55.03:13.66:31.31 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 15-30, and unit weight controls at 0.6-0.9gcm
-3, moisture controls at 55-65%, and fermentation temperature controls at 57-73 DEG C; The water content of compost is 52.59%, the content of organic matter is 49.22gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.39gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.76gkg
-1, full potassium content is 2.18gkg
-1.
The present invention effectively can improve the rhizosphere environment of continuous cropping banana, enhancing development, reduces continuous cropping obstacle harm, has the following advantages compared with cultivation method conventional at present:
1. growth promoting effects, effectively control banana continuous cropping obstacle: this cultivation method improves banana rhizosphere environment, be conducive to root system and overground part grows, and reduces soil damage by disease and insect, improve output.
2. improve banana continuous cropping soil proterties: the soil property that obviously can improve continuous cropping Jiao Yuan after the continuous many batches of uses of this inventive method.Improve the soil organic matter and available nutrient content, reduce unit weight, enlarged hole porosity, strengthen soil permeability and preserve moisture and fertility ability, reduce acidifying, improve biological community structure.
3. safety and environmental protection, product is pollution-free: make full use of agricultural organic waste self-produced in crop rotation process, and after process, recycling not only can not cause environmental pollution, and is conducive to protection of the environment and obtains non-harmful product.Banana continuous cropping soil can effectively be repaired and be improved to this inventive method, reduces chemical fertilizer, pesticide dosage, realize increasing soil fertility with ground, reduces production cost, increases soil fertility.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention further, below adopt specific embodiment to be illustrated, it should be noted that, following examples are only enumerated as of the present invention, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.
A cultivation method for banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle, comprises the following steps: successively
(1) banana ground crop rotation rice cultivation: Jiao Yuan serious for banana continuous cropping obstacle is cleared up, deep ploughing soil 30-35cm, in any of several broadleaf plants garden, surrounding erects high 25cm, the water-impervious of wide 10cm encloses the ridge, in case the water in field exosmoses; Pour water in soil, water surface elevation is 5-8cm, rice cultivation at the beginning of 7 months, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management, keeps soil to be waterflooding state during Rice Cropping, and mid-December, paddy rice was gathered end, draining in 7-10 days before paddy rice harvesting.The compost 7.5thm that rice basal fertilizer adopts the feces of livestock and poultry adding pineapple stem and leaf to make
-2.
(2) paddy rice ground crop rotation plantation pineapple: after paddy rice harvesting, dry field 15-20 days, plowed soils 30-35cm, Second Year plants pineapple mid-January, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management, and in late May, the 3rd starts to gather, end of gathering June.The compost 10.6thm that pineapple base manure adopts the feces of livestock and poultry adding rice straw to make
-2.
(3) pineapple ground crop rotation plantation banana: pineapple clears up pinery after gathering and terminating in time, plowed soils 30-35cm, mid-July plants banana again, rectangle wide-narrow row planting, spacing in the rows 2.0m, wide every trade is apart from 3.0m, narrow row line-spacing 1.7m, every mu of seedling 150-170 strain of planting, conveniently culture technique carries out field management, in mid-May, the 4th starts to gather, end of gathering June.The compost 14.4thm that banana base manure adopts the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously adding rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf to make
-2.
Following examples continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden sick soil is the soil in banana planting base, Hainan, and soil physico-chemical property is as follows: pH5.33, organic 7.47gkg
-1, full nitrogen 0.63gkg
-1, full phosphorus 0.71gkg
-1, full potassium 1.03gkg
-1, clay (<0.002mm) 16.37%.
Embodiment 1
After continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, 2 batches, 3 batches, pineapple, again plant banana, the change of ecological environment of soil.
Test site: Hainan Province Le Dongxian ten thousand clock Industrial Co., Ltd.; Sampling time: on March 21st, 2015
The process of banana planting small plot experiment is as follows:
1.CK, the Banana soil that the banana continuous cropping obstacle of continuous cropping banana more than 10 years is serious;
2.RA, after any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice that the banana continuous cropping obstacle of continuous cropping banana more than 10 years is serious and 1 batch, pineapple, plants the soil of banana again;
3.RB, after any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice that the banana continuous cropping obstacle of continuous cropping banana more than 10 years is serious and 2 batches, pineapple, plants the soil of banana again;
4.RC, after any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice that the banana continuous cropping obstacle of continuous cropping banana more than 10 years is serious and 3 batches, pineapple, plants the soil of banana again.
Each process repeats for 3 times, Gong12Ge community.The area of each community is 13m × 17m, rectangle wide-narrow row planting, spacing in the rows 2.0m, wide every trade distance 3.0m, narrow row line-spacing 1.7m, every mu of seedling 150-170 strain of planting.Conveniently culture technique carries out field management, and base manure is the compost 14.4thm that the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously adding rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf is made
-2.
Collecting soil sample and mensuration: adopt 5 point samplings to sample, gather apart from plant 40-50cm rhizosphere soil, degree of depth 0-30cm, measure soil physico-chemical property time banana planting 220 days (taking out the flower bud phase), bacterium in soil, fungi, actinomycetes, bacillus, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum quantity.The bulk density of soil (BD), porosity (SP), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), full nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), full phosphorus (TP), rapid available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) adopt conventional method to measure (Lu Rukun, 2000).In soil, bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, bacillus, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum counting adopt dilution plate rubbing method.Bacterium and bacillus are cultivated and adopt beef-protein medium; Fungi, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum are cultivated and adopt rose bengal medium; Actinomycetes are cultivated and adopt Gao Shi medium.Measure banana plant plant height during banana planting 280 days (maturing stage), stem is thick, and leaf is long, the wide and output of leaf.
(1) wheel does the impact on continuous cropping obstacle Banana soil physicochemical property
The soil physico-chemical property (mean+SD) of the different cultivation mode Jiao Yuan of table 1
The successful (table 1) of banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation improvement continuous cropping Banana soil physicochemical property.As can be seen from Table 1, after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and pineapple, soil SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK content significantly increases, and BD significantly reduces.Compared with CK process, SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RA process add respectively 24.6%, 21.1%, 43.5%, 42.2%, 61.8%, 73.9%, 60.2%, 33.9% and 51.6%, BD decrease 32.9%; SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RB process add respectively 32.1%, 23.4%, 50.5%, 47.2%, 66.0%, 76.8%, 63.7%, 38.2% and 56.3%, BD decrease 37.8%; SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RC process add respectively 36.4%, 27.2%, 54.5%, 51.1%, 68.8%, 78.1%, 66.1%, 43.3% and 60.2%, BD decrease 42.7%.This result shows, after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and pineapple, the bulk density of soil diminishes, porosity becomes large, ventilation and water retention capacity enhancing, the soil organic matter, n-p-k element content significantly increase, and soil fertility, store fertile ability and all have increase in various degree to the buffer capacity of soda acid.After banana crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple soil physicochemical property can be improved significantly, wherein alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, full phosphorus, rapid available phosphorus, full potassium all add more than 50% with quick-acting potassium content compared with control treatment.
(2) wheel does the impact on continuous cropping obstacle Banana soil microbiologic population quantity
The soil microbial community quantity (mean+SD) of the different cultivation mode Jiao Yuan of table 2
Banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation is conducive to the biological property (table 2) improving continuous cropping Banana soil.As can be seen from Table 2, after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and pineapple, the quantity of bacterium in soil, actinomycetes, bacillus (Bacillus spp.) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma spp.) significantly increases, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) significantly reduces.The maximum of bacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma quantity all appears at RC process, and minimum of a value all appears at CK process, and the maximum of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum quantity all appears at CK process, and minimum of a value all appears at RC process.Compared with CK process, the quantity of bacterium in RA process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 52.3%, 52.3%, 61.3% and 82.4% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces 10.3% and 80.3%; The quantity of bacterium in RB process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 58.4%, 59.2%, 68.2% and 84.1% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces 16.2% and 87.9%; The quantity of bacterium in RC process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 66.6%, 62.2%, 73.6% and 85.9% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces 21.6% and 91.9%.This result shows, the quantity of bacterium in soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma increases along with the increase of crop rotation time, the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces along with the increase of crop rotation time, it is maximum that the quantity of bacterium in soil after banana crop rotation paddy rice and 3 batches, pineapple, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma increases, and it is maximum that the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces.After banana crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple soil biological community structure can be improved significantly, wherein bacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus all add more than 50% with the quantity of Trichoderma compared with control treatment, and the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum reduces more than 80% compared with control treatment.As can be seen here, banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation is conducive to the generation reducing continuous cropping soil-borne disease.
(3) wheel does the impact on continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden banana growing way and output
The Banana Growth index of the different cultivation mode Jiao Yuan of table 3 and output (mean+SD)
Banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation obviously can promote grow (table 3) of banana.As can be seen from Table 3, after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and pineapple, when again planting banana, plant height, the stem in banana maturing stage are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output all significantly increases.Plant height, stem are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and the maximum of output all appears at RC process, and minimum of a value all appears at CK process.Compared with CK process, plant height, the stem of RA process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 11.5%, 10.8%, 5.2%, 5.0% and 40.6% respectively; Plant height, the stem of RB process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 13.5%, 12.9%, 6.2%, 5.8% and 44.3% respectively; Plant height, the stem of RC process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 15.6%, 14.4%, 6.9%, 7.1% and 49.3% respectively.This result shows, after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and pineapple, when again planting banana, plant height, the stem of banana are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output all increases along with the increase of crop rotation time, after banana crop rotation paddy rice and 3 batches, pineapple, again plant the plant height of banana during banana, that stem is thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output increases is maximum.Again plant banana after banana crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple, the growth and development state of banana can be improved significantly, the plant height of banana and stem slightly compared with control treatment amplification all more than 10%, output compared with control treatment amplification all more than 40%.As can be seen here, banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation is conducive to the ecological environment of soil improving continuous cropping obstacle Jiao Yuan, makes loosing soil fertile, facilitates banana root system and plant strain growth, improves banana production.
Example 2
Rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf are on the impact of banana continuous cropping obstacle
Test site: Hainan Province Le Dongxian ten thousand clock Industrial Co., Ltd.; Sampling time: on March 23rd, 2015
Banana planting small plot experiment is arranged, sample number into spectrum and being described as follows:
1.CK, plants the sample ground of banana again after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple, the base manure used is that (water content is 41.85% to chicken manure, the content of organic matter is 33.24gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 2.32gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.21gkg
-1, full potassium content is 1.69gkg
-1);
2.RD, again plant the sample ground of banana after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple, the base manure used is the compost that the feces of livestock and poultry adding rice straw is made;
3.RE, again plant the sample ground of banana after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple, the base manure used is the compost that the feces of livestock and poultry adding pineapple stem and leaf is made;
4.RF, again plant the sample ground of banana after continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden crop rotation paddy rice and 1 batch, pineapple, the base manure used is the compost that the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously adding rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf is made.
Each process repeats for 3 times, Gong12Ge community.The area of each community is 13m × 17m, rectangle wide-narrow row planting, spacing in the rows 2.0m, wide every trade distance 3.0m, narrow row line-spacing 1.7m, every mu of seedling 150-170 strain of planting.Conveniently culture technique carries out field management, and base manure consumption is 14.4thm
-2.
Collecting soil sample and mensuration: adopt 5 point samplings to sample, gather apart from plant 40-50cm rhizosphere soil, degree of depth 0-30cm, measure soil physico-chemical property time banana planting 220 days (taking out the flower bud phase), bacterium in soil, fungi, actinomycetes, bacillus, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum quantity.The bulk density of soil (BD), porosity (SP), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), full nitrogen (TN), rapid available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) adopt conventional method to measure (Lu Rukun, 2000).In soil, bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, bacillus, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum counting adopt dilution plate rubbing method.Bacterium and bacillus are cultivated and adopt beef-protein medium; Fungi, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum are cultivated and adopt rose bengal medium; Actinomycetes are cultivated and adopt Gao Shi medium.Measure banana plant plant height during banana planting 280 days (maturing stage), stem is thick, and leaf is long, the wide and output of leaf.
(1) impact of different base manure on continuous cropping obstacle Banana soil physicochemical property is used in crop rotation process
The soil physico-chemical property (mean+SD) of different base manure Jiao Yuan is used in table 4 crop rotation process
The successful (table 4) of the base manure improvement continuous cropping Banana soil physicochemical property of application of water rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf composting in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process.As can be seen from Table 4, the maximum of soil SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK content all appears at RF process, and minimum of a value all appears at CK process; The maximum of BD appears at CK process, and minimum of a value appears at RF process.Compared with CK process, SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RD process add respectively 6.0%, 1.2%, 8.1%, 12.2%, 11.5%, 13.8%, 15.2%, 19.8% and 24.3%, BD decrease 4.1%; SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RE process add respectively 10.1%, 5.2%, 13.3%, 21.8%, 15.7%, 27.4%, 20.9%, 28.6% and 38.3%, BD decrease 10.9%; SP, pH, TOC, TN, AN, TP, AP, TK and AK of RF process add respectively 13.9%, 7.8%, 17.8%, 26.3%, 20.9%, 35.5%, 28.8%, 38.1% and 45.6%, BD reduce 16.8%.This result shows, in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, no matter use the base manure of the organic materials composting containing rice straw, the base manure of the organic materials composting that the base manure of the organic materials composting containing pineapple stem and leaf is still used simultaneously containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf all can improve soil physics structure effectively, strengthen soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, the ratio of n p k nutrition element in balanced soil, increase soil pH and the content of organic matter, wherein RE process and RF process the most obvious to the improved effect of soil physico-chemical property, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, rapid available phosphorus, full potassium all adds more than 20% with quick-acting potassium content compared with CK process.
(2) impact of different base manure on continuous cropping obstacle Banana soil microbiologic population quantity is used in crop rotation process
The soil microbial community quantity (mean+SD) of different base manure Jiao Yuan is used in table 5 crop rotation process
In banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, the base manure of application of water rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf composting is conducive to the biological property (table 5) improving continuous cropping Banana soil.As can be seen from Table 5, use the quantity that base manure that the organic materials containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf makes all adds bacterium in soil, actinomycetes, bacillus (Bacillus spp.) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma spp.) in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, reduce the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) in soil.The maximum of bacterium, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma quantity all appears at RF process, and minimum of a value all appears at CK process, and the maximum of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum quantity appears at CK process, and minimum of a value appears at RF process.Compared with CK process, the quantity of bacterium in RD process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 5.4%, 10.1%, 14.2%, 9.0% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces by 5.3% and 20.7%; The quantity of bacterium in RE process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 16.3%, 26.6%, 31.1% and 25.0% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces 13.0% and 42.3%; The quantity of bacterium in RF process soil, actinomycetes, bacillus and Trichoderma adds 20.3%, 32.2%, 39.7% and 32.7% respectively, and the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum reduces 17.4% and 50.1%.This result shows, in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, no matter use the base manure of the organic materials composting containing rice straw, the base manure of the organic materials composting that the base manure of the organic materials composting containing pineapple stem and leaf is still used simultaneously containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf is edaphon and provides abundant energy substance, have stimulated the breeding of microorganism, and then improve structure of soil microbial community, add bacterium in soil, actinomycetes, the quantity of bacillus and Trichoderma, reduce the quantity of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum, wherein to improve the effect of structure of soil microbial community the most obvious for RE process and RF process, actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis all adds more than 25% with the quantity of Trichoderma compared with CK process, the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum all reduces more than 40% compared with CK process.
(3) impact of different base manure on continuous cropping obstacle any of several broadleaf plants garden banana growing way and output is used in crop rotation process
Banana Growth index and the output (mean+SD) of different base manure Jiao Yuan is used in table 6 crop rotation process
In banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, the base manure of application of water rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf composting obviously can promote grow (table 6) of banana.As can be seen from Table 6, use the organic materials composting containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process base manure all adds the plant height of banana, stem is thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output.Banana plant height, stem are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and the maximum of output all appears at RF process, and minimum of a value all appears at CK process.Compared with CK process, plant height, the stem of RD process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 7.5%, 5.6%, 2.0%, 2.9% and 10.9% respectively; Plant height, the stem of RE process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 10.7%, 9.4%, 5.3%, 5.0% and 20.6% respectively; Plant height, the stem of RF process are thick, leaf is long, leaf is wide and output adds 12.7%, 10.4%, 6.8%, 5.8% and 22.0% respectively.This result shows, in banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation process, no matter use the base manure of the organic materials composting containing rice straw, the base manure of the organic materials composting that the base manure of the organic materials composting containing pineapple stem and leaf is still used simultaneously containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf all improves growth indexes and the output of banana, wherein use the organic materials composting containing pineapple stem and leaf base manure and use banana production simultaneously containing rice straw and the base manure of the organic materials composting of pineapple stem and leaf with only use chicken manure as base manure banana production compared with all add more than 20%.This is because contain the necessary various mineral element of plant growth and organic principle in rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf, mainly comprising cellulose, lignin, amino acid, crude protein, crude fat, enzyme, phosphorus and potassium etc., is a kind of complete value fertilizer.Use the respiratory function that base manure that the organic materials containing rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf makes can strengthen crop root, promote that crop root is to the absorption of nutrient; Containing antibiotic in chicken manure, the resistance of crop and the adaptive capacity to poor environment can be improved, for Banana Growth provides good growing environment; Containing abundant macronutrient and many trace elements in ash, and have that porosity is large, water binding capacity good, stable in properties, the aseptic advantage such as nontoxic, be conducive to strengthening soil continuous production power as base manure.When under banana-paddy rice-pineapple crop rotation condition, rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf difference or simultaneously more outstanding with the effect improveing ecological environment of soil when ash and chicken manure compounding application, banana nutritional deficiency disease can be prevented and treated, again reduce the incidence of disease of damage by disease and insect, and then improve the output of banana.
Above disclosedly be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, certainly can not limit the interest field of the present invention with this, therefore according to the equivalent variations that the claims in the present invention are done, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (10)
1. a cultivation method for banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle, is characterized in that specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) banana ground crop rotation rice cultivation: Jiao Yuan serious for banana continuous cropping obstacle is cleared up, then rice basal fertilizer is pressed 5.0thm
-2be sprinkling upon soil surface, deep ploughing soil 30-35cm, turns over rice basal fertilizer and is buckled in deep subsoil, press 2.5thm again before soaked field
-2spread fertilizer over the fields all the other rice basal fertilizers, pour water in soil, water surface elevation is that 5-8cm is applicable to rice cultivation, then carry out raking the soil level, rotary tillage and arm-tie leveling, start rice transplanting rice cultivation at the beginning of 7 months, conveniently culture technique carries out field management, keeps soil to be waterflooding state during Rice Cropping, mid-December, paddy rice was gathered end, draining in 7-10 days before paddy rice harvesting;
(2) paddy rice ground crop rotation plantation pineapple: after paddy rice harvesting, cleaning paddy field, dry field 15-20 days, plowed soils 30-35cm, disposablely before pineapple cultivation press 10.6thm
-2executed in field planting row by pineapple base manure, then do furrow, the wide 1.4m of furrow, furrow height 30cm, furrow are apart from 1.2m; Second Year plants pineapple mid-January, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management, and in late May, the 3rd starts to gather, end of gathering June;
(3) pineapple ground crop rotation plantation banana: pineapple clears up pinery after gathering and terminating in time, and plowed soils 30-35cm, first digs planting pit before banana planting, and the specification of planting pit is 60cm × 60cm × 50cm, and banana base manure is pressed 14.4thm
-2disposable to apply bottom planting pit after blinding, when returning soil, mound needs 10-20 centimetre above ground level; Mid-July plants banana again, and conveniently culture technique carries out field management; In mid-May, the 4th starts to gather, end of gathering June.
2. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the time of the banana ground crop rotation rice cultivation of described step (1) is more than 1 batch or 1 batch, and the rice varieties selected is South China early cropping indica rice, middle Xian, late Xian or late round-grained rice kind.
3. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rice basal fertilizer of described step (1) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry adding pineapple stem and leaf to make.
4. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: described rice basal fertilizer be pineapple stem and leaf is worn into 0.2cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 49.61:18.32:32.07 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 18-31, and unit weight controls at 0.5-0.8gcm
-3, moisture controls at 53-63%, and fermentation temperature controls at 55-70 DEG C; The water content of compost is 53.08%, the content of organic matter is 43.78gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.24gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.55gkg
-1, full potassium content is 1.99gkg
-1.
5. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the time of described step (2) banana ground crop rotation plantation pineapple is more than 1 batch or 1 batch, and the pineapple kind selected is platform agriculture, Bali, Sarawak or cacaine kind.
6. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pineapple base manure of described step (2) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry adding rice straw to make.
7. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that: described pineapple base manure be rice straw is worn into 0.3cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 42.66:23.33:34.01 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 20-32, and unit weight controls at 0.4-0.7gcm
-3, moisture controls at 50-60%, and fermentation temperature controls at 53-67 DEG C; The water content of compost is 51.93%, the content of organic matter is 38.65gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.12gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.37gkg
-1, full potassium content is 1.86gkg
-1.
8. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the banana variety of described step (3) can be Brazilian any of several broadleaf plants, dwarf banana or emperor any of several broadleaf plants kind.
9. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the banana base manure of described step (3) is the compost adopting the feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously adding rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf to make.
10. the cultivation method of banana-paddy rice-pineapple Control By Crop Rotation banana continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 or 9, is characterized in that: described banana base manure be rice straw and pineapple stem and leaf are worn into 0.2cm powder and ash, chicken manure in mass ratio 55.03:13.66:31.31 mix, bank up ferment, becoming thoroughly decomposed forms; C/N ratio controls at 15-30, and unit weight controls at 0.6-0.9gcm
-3, moisture controls at 55-65%, and fermentation temperature controls at 57-73 DEG C; The water content of compost is 52.59%, the content of organic matter is 49.22gkg
-1, total nitrogen content is 3.39gkg
-1, content of tatal phosphorus is 2.76gkg
-1, full potassium content is 2.18gkg
-1.
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| CN113881571A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-01-04 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Method for quickly separating and quantitatively detecting banana fusarium wilt and application |
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| CN113207603B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Banana sugarcane rotation method |
| CN115226455A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司 | Fertilizing method for conditioning banana continuous cropping obstacle soil |
| CN115486226A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-20 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for determining soil barrier factor of tropical continuous cropping obstacle and improving technology |
| CN115486226B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-07-18 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for determining tropical continuous cropping obstacle soil obstacle factors and improving technology |
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