CN104884692A - 基于矿棉的隔热产品和制造该产品的方法 - Google Patents
基于矿棉的隔热产品和制造该产品的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于包含矿物纤维的矿棉的隔热产品,该产品包含两个主面和垂直于该主面的纵向和横向边缘,该产品通过以下取向分数进行表征:-沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于48%,甚至大于或等于50%的纵向取向分数,当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时,和-沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于40%,甚至大于或等于45%的平均取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。本发明允许改善基于矿棉的隔热产品的隔绝性能而不提高它的厚度。
Description
本发明涉及基于矿棉如玻璃棉的隔热产品,其尤其用于进入用于隔热和任选地隔音的产品,更特别地用于墙壁和/或屋顶的衬里的产品的组成中。
在隔绝的市场中,供应商总是喜欢提供在隔热方面具有越来越高性能的产品。产品的热性能通常通过对热传导率λ的认识进行表达。回顾的是,产品的热传导率λ是产品允许热通量流过它的能力;它用W/m.K表示。这种传导率越低,产品的绝缘性越高,并因此隔热是越好的。
在现在的市场中,基于矿物纤维的产品,其用石棉或者玻璃棉制成,位于0.040至0.035W/m.K之间,甚至对于某些为约0.032W/m.K。除非另有规定,否则,热传导率是以传统方式在10℃根据标准ISO 8301测量的热传导率。
改善建筑物的隔热总是合意的。这种改善通常通过提高隔绝性产品的厚度来实现。然而,厚度越提高,该产品变得越重并更约难以处理和该被隔绝空间的容积变得越小。
因此存在对基于矿棉的隔热产品的需要,该产品具有改善的隔热性质而不提高产品的厚度。
为此,本发明提供基于包含矿物纤维的矿棉的隔热产品,该产品包含两个主面和垂直于该主面的纵向和横向边缘,该产品通过以下取向分数(taux d'orientation)进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于48%,甚至大于或等于50%的纵向取向分数,当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于40%,甚至大于或等于45%的平均取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
根据另一个特征,该产品此外通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于75%,甚至大于或等于80%的纵向取向分数,当该矿物纤维在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于70%,甚至大于或等于72%的平均取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
根据另一个特征,该产品此外通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于90%的纵向取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于85%的平均值取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
根据另一个特征,该矿物纤维具有8至15L/min之间的纤维细度(micronaire)。
根据另一个特征,该产品具有小于或等于32mW/m.K的热导率和至少15kg/m3,优选地在15至60kg/m3,特别地15至27kg/m3,甚至在18至25kg/m3之间的密度。
根据另一个特征,该产品具有小于或等于29mW/m.K的热导率和至少40kg/m3,优选地大于或等于50kg/m3,特别地在55至80kg/m3之间,甚至在55至65kg/m3之间的密度。
本发明还涉及制造基于矿棉的隔热产品的方法,包含以下步骤:
- 通过内部离心制造矿物纤维,
- 将矿物纤维接收在具有速度V0的接收传送带上,
- 在第一组传送机上传送该矿物纤维,第一组传送机的最后传送机的速度V1在100%V0至105%V0之间,
- 在第二组传送机上传送该矿物纤维,第二组传送机的最后传送机的速度V2在108%V0至120%V0,优选地110%V0至115%V0之间,
根据另一特征,第二组的传送机全部具有比第一组的传送机的速度更高的速度。
根据另一特征,第一组的传送机的数目在3至10,优选地4至8,特别地5至7之间。
根据另一特征,第二组的传送机的数目在2至5之间,优选地为2或者3。
根据另一特征,第一组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量。
根据另一特征,第二组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量或者第二组的每个传送机的速度比前面传送机的速度更快地提高。
根据另一个特征,对于至少最后两个传送机,矿物纤维当在至少最后两个传送机和至少两个上驱动装置之间运行时逐渐地进行压缩。
在整个申请中,术语“平均”表示“算术平均”。
此外,在本申请中通过"在...至...之间"定义的所有数值范围包括该范围的端值。
本发明涉及基于包含矿物纤维的矿棉的隔热产品,该产品包含两个主面和垂直于该主面的纵向和横向边缘,该产品通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于48%,甚至大于或等于50%的纵向取向分数,当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于40%,甚至大于或等于45%平均取向分数,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
由于取向分数是矿物纤维在该产品中取向的特征,根据本发明的产品具有的结构具有优异的矿物纤维的水平度(horizontalité),不仅在纵向中以及(平均地)在纵向和横向两个方向中。这允许减少该产品的热传导率,并因此改善该产品的隔绝能力而不提高它的厚度。
取向分数的测定以下列方式进行实施。
首先,在产品中抽取数个(尤其至少6个)相同尺寸的并且具有与该产品的厚度相同厚度的平行六面体试样。借助于锋利装置如产生直接切割而不在切割方向中拖曳该纤维的刀刃进行切断,因此不干扰该在切断之前形成该产品的纤维的构型。每个试样包含两个第一面,称为纵向面,其同时与该产品的纵向边缘平行并且与该产品的主要表面垂直,和两个第二面,称为横向面,其同时与该产品的纵向边缘垂直并且与该产品的主要表面垂直。
随后,相继地观察每个试样的至少一个纵向面和一个横向面。每个观察的面被分成具有小尺寸(典型地1x1mm2)的单位区域,和在每个单位区域内在视觉上检测纤维。在这种单位区域内测定所有的矿物纤维的主要方向。在每个单位区域内,记录由所有矿物纤维的主要方向相对于该产品的主面形成的角度。这种角度被称为该单位区域的主要取向。每个面包含该面的所有单位区域的主要取向的分布。将沿着角扇区0°+/-α的取向分数称为单位区域(对于它们,该主要取向在这种角扇区中)的分数。与图像处理软件搭配的图像获取工具可以用于这种目的,例如以通过对照分析来实施图像处理。
分别地对于试样的至少一个纵向面,至少一个横向面,由此分别地测定在给定0°+/-α角扇区内的这种面的纵向取向分数toi L(0°+/-α),横向分数toi T(0°+/-α)。然后,所有试样的数据进行平均以分别地表示,在产品中,分别地在纵向截面和横向截面中,在相同的给定的0°+/-α角扇区内的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-α),横向分数TOT(0°+/-α)。对于每个给定的0°+/-α角扇区,计算在产品中的横向和纵向取向分数的平均TOm(0°+/-α),TOm(0°+/-α)这时等于[TOL(0°+/-α)+TOT(0°+/-α)]/2。
因此,在根据本发明的产品中,如果该产品的主面的平面是水平的,在0°+/-6°和180°+/-6°角扇区内,该纵向取向分数大于或等于48%,甚至50%(即TOL(0°+/-6°)≥48%,甚至≥50%),和在相同的角扇区内,该平均取向分数大于或等于40%,甚至45%,(即TOm(0°+/-6°)≥40%,甚至≥45%)。
类似地,在根据本发明的产品中,再次如果该产品的主面的平面是水平的,在0°+/-12°和180°+/-12°角扇区内,该纵向取向分数优选地大于或等于75%,甚至80%(即TOL(0°+/-12°)≥75%,甚至≥80%),和在相同的角扇区内,该平均取向分数优选地大于或等于70%,甚至72%(即TOm(0°+/-12°)≥70%,甚至≥72%)。
此外,在根据本发明的产品中,再次如果该产品的主面的平面是水平的,在0°+/-24°和180°+/-24°角扇区内,该纵向取向分数优选地大于或等于90%(即TOL(0°+/-24°)≥90%,和在相同的角扇区内,该平均取向分数优选地大于或等于85%(即TOm(0°+/-24°)≥85%)。
换句话说,在该产品中的矿物纤维的水平度通过以下进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于48%,甚至大于或等于50%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于40%,甚至大于或等于45%的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
优选地,该矿物纤维的水平度还通过以下进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于75%,甚至80%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-12°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于70%,甚至72%的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-12°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
优选地,该矿物纤维的水平度还通过以下进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于90%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-24°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于85%的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-24°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
根据本发明的产品因此具有许多与它的主面基本平行的矿物纤维。由此,该产品具有改善的热性质,如在下文将看见的。
特别地,根据本发明的隔绝性产品具有小于或等于32mW/m.K的热导率和至少15kg/m3,优选地小于或等于60kg/m3,特别地小于或等于27千克/m3,甚至在18至25千克/m3之间的密度,或者小于或等于29mW/m.K的热导率和至少40kg/m3,优选地大于或等于50kg/m3,甚至在55至80kg/m3,特别地50至65kg/m3,甚至在55至65kg/m3之间的密度。
此外,根据本发明的产品的矿物纤维优选地具有8至15L/min,甚至8至12L/min,甚至9至11L/min的纤维细度,特别地大于或等于10L/min的纤维细度(对于具有小于或等于29mW/m.K的热导率的产品),或8至12L/min的纤维细度(对于具有小于或等于32mW/m.K的热导率的产品)。
回顾的是,该纤维的细度通常通过它们的低于5g的纤维细度值(F)进行确定。当从非上油的(ensime)垫取出的给定量的纤维经受给定气体(通常空气或者氮气)压力时,借助于空气动力载荷损失的测量,纤维细度(还被称为“细度指数”)的测量考虑了比表面积。这种测量在用于矿物纤维的生产单元中是通常的,根据标准DIN 53941或者ASTM D 1448进行实施并且使用被称为“纤维细度仪”的装置。
然而,这种装置关于纤维的一定细度具有测量极限。对于非常细的纤维,细度(“纤维细度”)可以借助于在专利申请WO2003/098209中描述的已知技术进行测量(L/min)。该专利申请实际上涉及用于测定纤维的细度指数的装置,其包含细度指数的测量装置,所述细度指数的测量装置具有,一方面,至少一个连接到测量池(进行调节以接受由多个的纤维组成的样品)的第一孔口,和另一方面,连接到位于所述样品每侧的用于测量差压的装置的第二孔口,所述该差压的测量装置用来与流体流动的产生装置连接,特征在于该细度指数的测量装置包含至少一个用于该经过所述池的流体的容积式流量计。这种装置提供一致在“纤维细度”值和升/分钟(L/mn)之间的对应性。
举例来说,根据文件WO2003/098209,可以记录在该纤维细度值和该纤维样品的平均直径的值之间的对应关系。总得来说,约12L/mn的纤维细度值对应于2.5至3微米的平均直径,13.5L/mn的值基本上对应于3-3.5微米的平均直径,最后18L/mn对应于约4-5微米的平均直径。
本发明的示例性实施方案将在下文中介绍。
现在将描述根据本发明的绝缘制品的制造方法。
该矿棉通过内部离心方法从熔化的无机材料开始进行制造。内部离心方法的实例描述在下文中。
将熔化玻璃细流引入到离心机(或者称为形成纤维板)中,其以高速旋转并且在它的周边上已经开了大量的孔口,该玻璃在离心力的作用下经由该孔口以长丝的形式进行喷射。然后使这些长丝经受由环形燃烧器产生的高温和高速度的气体拉制流的作用。气体拉制流,通过沿着该离心机的壁行进,使长丝变细并且将它们转化为纤维。形成的纤维由气体拉制流携带朝向接收传送带,该接收传送带通常由对气体是可渗透的与吸气工具连接的带形成。当纤维被拉制朝向接收传送带时,为将纤维彼此粘合成绒状产品所需要的粘结剂被喷射在纤维上。在吸气作用下,纤维在接收传送带上的积累提供纤维毯,其厚度可以根据要获得的最终产品而改变。
接收传送带以速度V0向前行进。矿物纤维随后借助于设置在接收传送带和烘箱之间的传送机被传送朝向烘箱以允许粘结剂聚合。根据本发明的方法,该传送机被分成两个组:第一组在该接收传送带的出口,然后是在第一组和该烘箱之间的第二组。
第一组传送机包含3至10个传送机,优选地4至8个传送机,特别地5至7个传送机。第一组的每个传送机的速度可以等于接收传送带的速度。第一组传送机的最后传送机的速度V1至少等于100%V0。作为变型,为了确保传送机的足够的拉伸,第一组的每个传送机的速度可以逐渐从一个传送机至下一个传送机增大。优选地,第一组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量。因此,例如第一传送机具有101%V0的速度,第二传送机具有102%V0的速度,第三传送机具有103%V0的速度...。在那种情况下,该提高在每个传送机为101%V0。然而,第一组传送机的最后传送机的速度V1总是最大等于105%V0。在这两个端值之间,可以设想所有的变型,但是第一组传送机的最后传送机的速度V1在100%V0至105%V0之间。
第二组传送机包含2至5个传送机,优选地2或者3个传送机。第二组传送机的最后传送机的速度V2在108%V0至120%V0之间,优选地110%V0至115%V0。第二组的每个传送机的速度优选地从一个传送机至下一个传送机提高。优选地,该第二组的全部传送机具有的速度高于第一组的传送机的速度。优选地,第二组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量或者第二组的每个传送机的速度比前面传送机的速度更快地提高。
而且,至少对于最后两个传送机,矿物纤维当它在至少最后两个传送机和至少两个上驱动装置之间通过时逐渐地被压缩,该上驱动装置以与位于下面的传送机相同的速度驱动该矿物纤维。至少一个传送机/上驱动装置对可以相对于水平是对称的。这种逐渐的压缩可以从第一组传送机开始。该逐渐压缩可以分阶段使用压缩步骤然后驱动步骤的系列进行施用,同时维持在两个连续的压缩之间的压缩。
该上驱动装置和第一组和第二组的传送机可以是任何类型,例如传送带,带或者辊类型。
具有至少等于108%V0的速度的第二组传送机的存在允许在该产品的所有方向中获得更水平纤维,更特别地在纵向中,并因此改善该产品的热性质。
根据本发明的产品的两个实例已经通过内部离心通过制备具有10L/min纤维细度的矿物纤维进行制造。
为了制备第一个实例,第一组的传送机以与接收传送带相同的速度运行。在第二组传送机中,两个传送机分别地从上游至下游以103%V0的速度和以110%V0速度运行,即不统一的速度增进。获得的产品具有100mm的厚度,20kg/m3的密度和31.77mW/m.K的热导率。沿着相对于该获得的产品的主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,该产品具有53%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时。沿着相对于该获得的产品的主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,该产品的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-6°)是46%,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
为了制备第二实例,第一组的五个传送机分别地,从上游至下游,以101%V0,102%V0,103%V0,104%V0和105%V0的速度运行。在第二组传送机中,两个传送机分别地从上游至下游以105%V0的速度和以110%V0的速度运行,即统一的速度增进。获得的产品具有60mm的厚度,55kg/m3的密度和28.95mW/m.K的热导率。沿着相对于该获得的产品的主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,该产品具有50%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时。沿着相对于该获得的产品的主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,该产品的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-6°)是45%,当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
该方法还允许使用具有尤其在8至11L/min之间的纤维细度的纤维得到具有小于或等于32mW/m.k的传导率的产品,相对于传统的产品具有显著的重量增益。
由于根据本发明的方法,因此已经成功地实现了制造(对于合理的厚度)具有改善热导率的产品。
Claims (13)
1.基于包含矿物纤维的矿棉的隔热产品,该产品包含两个主面和垂直于该主面的纵向和横向边缘,该产品通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于48%,甚至大于或等于50%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维仅仅在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负6°的角度,大于或等于40%,甚至大于或等于45%的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-6°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
2.根据权利要求1的隔热产品,该产品此外通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于75%,甚至大于或等于80%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-12°),当该矿物纤维在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负12°的角度,大于或等于70%,甚至大于或等于72%的平均取向分数TOm(0°+/-12°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
3.根据权利要求1或2的隔热产品,该产品此外通过以下取向分数进行表征:
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于90%的纵向取向分数TOL(0°+/-24°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时,和
- 沿着相对于该主面的平面的正或负24°的角度,大于或等于85%的平均值取向分数TOm(0°+/-24°),当该矿物纤维同时在横向截面中和在纵向截面中进行计数时。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的隔热产品,其中该矿物纤维具有8至15L/min之间的纤维细度。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项的隔热产品,其中该产品具有小于或等于32mW/m.K的热导率和至少15kg/m3,优选地在15至60kg/m3,特别地15至27kg/m3,甚至在18至25kg/m3之间的密度。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项的隔热产品,其中该产品具有小于或等于29mW/m.K的热导率和至少40kg/m3,优选地大于或等于50kg/m3,特别地在55至80kg/m3之间,特别地在50至65kg/m3之间,甚至在55至65kg/m3之间的密度。
7.制造基于矿棉的隔热产品的方法,包含以下步骤:
通过内部离心制造矿物纤维,
将矿物纤维接收在具有速度V0的接收传送带上,
在第一组传送机上传送该矿物纤维,第一组传送机的最后传送机的速度V1在100%V0至105%V0之间,
在第二组传送机上传送该矿物纤维,第二组传送机的最后传送机的速度V2在108%V0至120%V0,优选地110%V0至115%V0之间。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中第二组的传送机全部具有比第一组的传送机的速度更高的速度。
9.根据权利要求7或8的方法,其中第一组的传送机的数目在3至10,优选地4至8,特别地5至7之间。
10.根据权利要求7-9任一项的方法,其中第二组的传送机的数目在2至5之间,优选地为2或者3。
11.根据权利要求7-10任一项的方法,其中第一组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量。
12.根据权利要求7-11任一项的方法,其中第二组的每个传送机的速度相对于前面的传送机提高相同的量或者第二组的每个传送机的速度比前面传送机的速度更快地提高。
13.根据权利要求7-12任一项的方法,其中在至少最后两个传送机位置,矿物纤维当在该至少最后两个传送机和至少两个上驱动装置之间通过时逐渐地被压缩。
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FR1350235A FR3000971B1 (fr) | 2013-01-11 | 2013-01-11 | Produit d'isolation thermique a base de laine minerale et procede de fabrication du produit |
PCT/FR2014/050018 WO2014108630A1 (fr) | 2013-01-11 | 2014-01-08 | Produit d'isolation thermique a base de laine minerale et procede de fabrication du produit |
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JP2019528382A (ja) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-10-10 | サン−ゴバン イゾベール | 未硬化の断熱及び/又は遮音性製品、並びにこの製品から得られる絶縁性ライニング |
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US11468872B2 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2022-10-11 | Joab Jay Perdue | Sound absorbing panel |
US20180038097A1 (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-02-08 | Joab Jay Perdue | Sound Absorbing Panel |
EP3470592A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-04-17 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Panneau acoustique en laine de verre et procede de fabrication d'un tel panneau |
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JP2019528382A (ja) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-10-10 | サン−ゴバン イゾベール | 未硬化の断熱及び/又は遮音性製品、並びにこの製品から得られる絶縁性ライニング |
JP7071326B2 (ja) | 2016-07-22 | 2022-05-18 | サン-ゴバン イゾベール | 未硬化の断熱及び/又は遮音性製品、並びにこの製品から得られる絶縁性ライニング |
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