CN104883760B - Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film - Google Patents
Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film Download PDFInfo
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- CN104883760B CN104883760B CN201510203320.1A CN201510203320A CN104883760B CN 104883760 B CN104883760 B CN 104883760B CN 201510203320 A CN201510203320 A CN 201510203320A CN 104883760 B CN104883760 B CN 104883760B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-voltage transparent electrothermal film, including a transparent base material, a transparent conducting layer and electrodes. The transparent conducting layer is formed on at least one side of the transparent base material; the electrodes are formed by bus bars and inner electrodes, and the inner electrodes extend oppositely from the bus bars to form interdigital electrodes; the bus bars are connected with a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a power supply, so that the two adjacent inner electrodes are opposite in polarity, and in energization, current provided by the positive electrode bus bar flows from the positive inner electrodes into the corresponding negative inner electrodes and finally all converges into the negative electrode bus bar; and the electrodes are located on the transparent conducting layer and is in electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer. The low-voltage transparent electrothermal film is provided with the bus bars and the inner electrodes, an interval of two electrodes is reduced to enable resistance of the transparent conducting layer between the two electrodes to be reduced, thus low voltage can be used to supply power, and normally, the low-voltage transparent electrothermal film can be heated to 90 to 180 DEG C rapidly by adoption of voltage of a lithium battery of everyday use. Two sets of electrodes can be arranged on two sides of graphene, and the inner electrodes of the two sets of electrodes are staggered at a certain distance, thereby further ensuring heating uniformity, and improving heating temperature under the same low voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent electric heating film and its preparation technology, especially a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Transparent heating film is typically employed in membrane material plated surface transparent conducting coating, then makes conductive on conductive coating surface
Electrode, electrode is usually two parallel bonding jumpers, and two bonding jumpers connect positive source and negative pole respectively, and electric current flows through electrically conducting transparent and applies
Layer produces heat, as shown in Figure 1 (referring to the patent of Publication No. cn103828482a).The transparency conducting layer graphite commonly used at present
The square resistance when thickness is relatively thin such as alkene, CNT, ito, fto, azo is larger, and this makes must be using higher power supply electricity
Pressure could meet heating requirements, is unfavorable for safety and the portability use requirement of Electric radiant Heating Film；And, though thickness increases can reduce
Using voltage, but increased material cost, reduce production efficiency and light transmittance simultaneously.
Publication No. cn102883486a, entitled " a kind of transparent electrical-heating film based on Graphene and its preparation side
In the patent of method ", transparent electrical-heating film includes transparent flexible substrate, and transparent flexible substrate arranges graphene film, Graphene
Film is provided with and is conductively connected nethike embrane, is conductively connected nethike embrane and is provided with electrode, electrode be conductively connected nethike embrane and graphene film is electrically connected
Connect；Overcoat is arranged on electrode, overcoat covers on electrode, and covers in graphene film and be conductively connected on nethike embrane.This is special
Profit proposes using Graphene and is conductively connected nethike embrane as the transparent heating material of Electric radiant Heating Film, and the method can be by being conductively connected
Nethike embrane reduces the sheet resistance of whole clearing conductive material, but has a disadvantage in that
1) sheet resistance being conductively connected nethike embrane is generally much less than Graphene sheet resistance, and the two is and connects relation, so plays heating
Act on is mainly conductively connected nethike embrane rather than Graphene.
2) it is conductively connected the line footpath < 5 μm of nethike embrane, be easily burned out when being energized using conventional metal material making Electric radiant Heating Film lose
Effect.
Also it is proposed that a kind of Graphene flexible and transparent heating element heater and preparation method thereof in prior art, heat for enhancing
Uniformity uses patterned transparent electrode, receiving electrode in the middle part of transparency electrode.But patterned electrodes are also using transparent conductive material, because
Transparent conductive material electric conductivity is poor, introduce patterned electrodes after also be difficult to obtain reduce using voltage effect it is therefore necessary to
Reduced using multilamellar (5-6 layer) Graphene reduction resistance and use voltage.If additionally, using two parallel poles rather than pattern
Polarizing electrode, then the heating uniformity obtaining is poor, more than thermal self-restraint stress and minimum point difference 60k it is difficult to realize practical
Require.
Content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, this is transparent
Electric radiant Heating Film can work under low-voltage (≤12v), reaches expected temperature.
Further, this transparent electric heating film heating uniformity is good.
Further, this transparent electric heating film uses relatively thin transparency conducting layer heating, is used Graphene to lead as transparent
Single-layer graphene can be used, this Electric radiant Heating Film can obtain and conventional transparent using very low voltage (as≤1.5v) simultaneously during electric layer
Electric radiant Heating Film identical heats, and rise heating functioin be transparency conducting layer.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the preparation technology of above-mentioned low-voltage transparent electric heating film.
A further object of the present invention is to improve the flexibility of low-voltage transparent electric heating film so as to be free to bend.
In order to solve aforementioned technical problem, reach above-mentioned technique effect, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, including transparent base, transparency conducting layer, electrode；Transparency conducting layer is formed at
At least side of bright base material；Electrode is made up of busbar and interior electrode, and interior electrode is extended towards by busbar and forms interdigital electrode；
Busbar connects the negative or positive electrode of power supply so that two adjacent interior polarities of electrode are contrary, the electricity that during energising, positive bus bar provides
Stream flows into electrode in corresponding negative pole by electrode in each positive pole and finally all imports negative bus bar；Electrode is located on transparency conducting layer
And make electrical contact with transparency conducting layer.
Preferably, in described interior electrode, the interior electrode positioned at electric heating film edge is single electrode, and in remaining, electrode is by many
Individual list props up the bar divergent electrode of electrode composition, and the list of described divergent electrode props up and forms tiny crack between electrode；
Preferably, described divergent electrode can prop up electrode composition it is also possible to respectively by the list of different numbers by two lists
Prop up electrode composition；
Preferably, described interior interelectrode spacing is equal；
Preferably, the width of described divergent electrode is equal, presss from both sides between the unipolar width of each divergent electrode and its
Seam width sum is equal；
Preferably, the unipolar width of each divergent electrode is equal, and the width of single interelectrode crack is equal；
Preferably, in described divergent electrode, single interelectrode spacing is 2 μm of width to single electrode, width here
In the range of, set by current capacity according to the live width of single electrode；
Preferably, described crack is linear, fold-line-shaped or shaped form；
It is further preferred that described divergent electrode props up electrode composition by two lists, it is uniformly distributed in busbar enterprising
Preferably, described divergent electrode props up electrode composition by two lists to step, is uniformly distributed on busbar.
The setting of divergent electrode, can improve the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film.
Preferably, described conflux be provided with multiple first perforates, the position of the first perforate setting is preferably comparative electrode
Position pointed by divergent electrode；Preferably, described first perforate is the rectangle structure of two rounding；It is further preferred that
The length on described long side is equal with the width of divergent electrode.The width of perforate, is opened not affect electric current by unsuitable according to material
Hole setting can further improve the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film.
Preferably, described transparency conducting layer is located at and is provided with the second perforate between interior electrode；Preferably, described second perforate
A diameter of less than 1mm；Preferably, described second perforate is uniformly distributed in the centre that interior electrode forms interval, and formed with
One row of interior electrode runs parallel trend.The breathability of conductive layer and the flexibility improving Electric radiant Heating Film further when so can increase.
Preferably, electrode is made up of thick busbar and some thin interior electrodes, and busbar one end or structure centre connect
The negative or positive electrode of power supply；It is further preferred that positive and negative two sets of electrodes can be respectively provided with transparency conducting layer two sides, this two
The interior electrode of set electrode staggers certain distance, and that is, positive and negative interdigital electrode is respectively placed in transparency conducting layer both sides, is formed and is led by transparent
The interdigital electrode that electric layer separates is it is ensured that electric current, uniformly through transparency conducting layer, so can be further ensured that the uniformity of heating.
Preferably, the material of transparency conducting layer is including but not limited to Graphene, CNT, ito, fto, azo etc..
Preferably, electrode can be made up of transparent conductive material, and wherein, preferred transparent electrode material is Graphene.
Preferably, electrode is located on graphene layer and is integrally formed with graphene layer.
Preferably, electrode material is including but not limited to good materials of electric conductivity such as silver, silver paste, copper, copper slurry, aluminum, ito
Material.Electrode material is optimal with Copper Foil.
Preferably, electrode can be formed between transparent base and transparency conducting layer.
Preferably, transparent base can be glass or polymer, and transparent base is thin including but not limited to pet, pvc, pe, pc etc.
Film.It is highly preferred that polymer can be: pet, pmma, pvdf, pani, or combinations thereof.
Preferably, described transparency conducting layer is single or multiple lift Graphene.Most preferably single-layer graphene.
The application of electrode of the special construction of the present invention, on single-layer graphene, can make this transparent electric heating film in low-voltage
Work under (≤12v), for more low-voltage can be used on multi-layer graphene.
Preferably, graphene layer can use dopant；It is highly preferred that dopant can be inorganic/organic blended dose.
Preferably, can on electrode and graphene layer protective mulch；It is highly preferred that protective layer can adopt flexible and transparent material
Material.
Preferably, the material of transparent covering layer is including but not limited to thin film such as pet, pvc, pe, pc.
Preferably, can be by the electrode serial or parallel connection of the present invention.
Preferably, can be by the transparent electric heating film serial or parallel connection of the present invention.
Further, described interior electrode is linear, waveform or zigzag, and described busbar is according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film
And application demand, can linear, shaped form, the pattern form of busbar and interior electrode composition is according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film and should
With demand, square, circular, oval or arbitrary shape also can be surrounded.
It is furthermore preferred that described busbar is located at the edge of transparency conducting layer, and contact well with transparency conducting layer, described interior
Electrode is extended from a busbar to another busbar, and adjacent inner electrodes are derived from different busbars, extend towards.
Further, it was found by the inventors of the present invention that being to obtain good temperature homogeneity at lower voltages, for this
The electrode of bright special construction, final warming temperature, initial temperature, supply voltage, in two electrode spacing and transparency conducting layer side
Block resistance meets equation below:
T=ku2/d2r+t (1)
Wherein: in two electrode spacing according to electrically conducting transparent laminated on interior electrode spacing calculate,
T initial temperature, unit be DEG C；
T Electric radiant Heating Film heats up institute to final warming temperature, and unit is DEG C；
U supply voltage, unit is v, u≤12v；
Electrode spacing in d, unit is cm；
R transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is ω/；
K constant, span is 10-200, and k span is according to the coefficient of conductivity meeting between Electric radiant Heating Film and air
The coefficient of conductivity between difference, and Electric radiant Heating Film and air is had to be inversely proportional to.
Two are made interelectrode transparent to lead using the electrode of special construction of the present invention, by reducing interelectrode spacing in two
The resistance of electric layer reduces, and is a kind of optimization approach so that being possibly realized using low voltage power supply.Normally can be using daily lithium
Cell voltage, you can reach rapid heat temperature raising.
Preferably, the busbar of Electric radiant Heating Film and interior electrode can be same material, alternatively different materials, its length according to
The size design of Electric radiant Heating Film.For ensureing temperature homogeneity, the width of busbar and thickness need to consider the current load of material therefor
Ability and resistivity, resistivity is sufficiently small, to reduce the voltage drop on busbar it is ensured that interior electrode is arranged on busbar not
Be less than 10% with position ceiling voltage and minimum voltage difference, and current carrying capacity to determine busbar sectional area necessary
It is not burned out more than a certain numerical value guarantee busbar.The inventors found that there is equation below (2):
n(n+1)lρl/ whr ＜ 1/5 (2)
Wherein:
In n, electrode makes to create n interval in the area that busbar surrounds altogether；
ρ1Bus bar materials resistivity, unit is ω m；
Every length of electrode in l, is calculated by wherein long interior electrode when length does not wait, and unit is m；
W busbar width, unit is m；
H busbar thickness, unit is m；
R transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is ω/.
The present invention by using special construction electrode, reduce interelectrode spacing in two and make two interelectrode transparent to lead
The resistance of electric layer reduces, such that it is able to use low voltage power supply, normally can be using daily lithium battery voltage, you can reach fast
Speed is heated to 90-180 DEG C.Positive and negative two sets of electrodes can be respectively arranged at Graphene two sides, form the fork being separated by Graphene
Refer to electrode, so can be further ensured that the uniformity of heating, improve the temperature of heating under same low-voltage.Meanwhile, bifurcated
The setting of electrode, has and increases the whole degree of heating of Electric radiant Heating Film and the uniformity of heating on determining degree.
If Electric radiant Heating Film is flexible not, when the curvature becoming song is excessive, when such as curving spherical shape, relatively difficult, also
Can send between sound.The inventors discovered that, carry out the structure setting of divergent electrode by inner electrode, be effectively increased Electric radiant Heating Film
Flexibility, can light free bend, spherical structure can be formed and freely fold, be that use brings great convenience.Through soft
Property survey formula, with prolong busbar bearing of trend respectively to two sides bend to Electric radiant Heating Film both sides contact 2min, prolong interior electrode again and extend
Direction bends to two sides respectively and contacts 2min for a flexible test unit to Electric radiant Heating Film both sides, low-voltage transparent electrical of the present invention
Hotting mask through 200,000 test cells, electrode and membrane structure no damaged phenomenon, each performance is constant.In the situation that other conditions are constant
Under, the flexibility being provided with the Electric radiant Heating Film of divergent electrode structure is more than 7 times of the Electric radiant Heating Film flexibility being not provided with bifurcation structure.
For the transparent conductive material being grown in metal foil substrate, the gold of the good transparent conductive film of superficial growth can be adopted
Belong to paper tinsel substrate pattern-making polarizing electrode, so can simplify preparation process, time-consuming and material cost, the leading of metal forming simultaneously
Electrically good, be conducive to the control of Electric radiant Heating Film temperature homogeneity, detailed process is as follows:
1st, preparation is grown on the transparent conductive material in metal foil substrate；
2nd, the one side that transparent base and metal forming growth are had transparent conductive material is bonded together；
The 3rd, photoetching is passed through on metal foil surfaces or the method for printing makes mask, mask pattern designs on request；
4th, the transparent base/transparency conducting layer/metal forming making mask is placed in etching liquid, etches away not by mask
The metal of protection；
5th, remove the mask of surface of metal electrode, form patterned electrodes.
It is further preferred that protective clear layer can be covered on transparency conducting layer and patterned electrodes, specifically comprise the following steps that
6th, by the protective clear layer perforate with glue, expose when it is fitted with lower electrode and transparency conducting layer to draw
The electrode of line；
7th, fit behind good to the hole of protective clear layer and electrode pair position；
8th, make lead at the electrode that aperture exposes.
Preferably, transparent conductive material can be Graphene.
Preferably, using transparent adhesive tape, the one side that transparent base has transparent conductive material with metal forming growth is bonded.
It is highly preferred that described transparent adhesive tape is including but not limited to various uv light-cured resins, PUR, silica gel etc..
Preferably, described metal forming is selected from but is not limited to Copper Foil, nickel foil, corronil paper tinsel etc..
Preferably, described etching liquid selects according to metal forming, can add and improve transparent conductive material electric conductivity in etching liquid
Material.
Preferably, the described method removing surface of metal electrode mask can select handss stripping or solution to go according to mask material
The method removed.
Preferably, a kind of preparation method of low-voltage transparent electric heating film of the present invention may also be employed following steps:
1st, transparent base and transparency conducting layer are bonded together；
2nd, make electrode over transparent conductive layer, can be entered using the method directly printing electrocondution slurry or evaporation conductive material
OK, electrode pattern designs according to demand for heat.
It is further preferred that can on transparency conducting layer and electrode protective mulch, specifically comprise the following steps that
3rd, by the protective clear layer perforate with glue, expose when it is fitted with lower electrode and transparency conducting layer to draw
The electrode of line；
4th, fit behind good to the hole of protective clear layer and electrode pair position；
5th, make lead at the electrode that aperture exposes.
Described divergent electrode using cut out by cutting die one-shot forming after electrode fabrication or using make electrode when one
Molding；Preferably cut out using cutting die one-shot forming.
Further, can also laser boring between interior electrode over transparent conductive layer.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) because the introducing of busbar and interior electrode reduces the electrode spacing of transparency conducting layer well, and existing
The electrode design scheme of bright Electric radiant Heating Film is compared, it is possible to use lower power voltage supply, and lithium battery etc. thus can be used portable
Formula power supply is powered.
(2) electrode design of thick busbar carefully interior electrode can be under the conditions of heating voltage identical, using electric conductivity relatively
The transparent conductive material of difference, obtains the material identical heats with good conductivity by electrode spacing in changing.
(3) under conditions of supply voltage and transparent conductive material are fixing, can be by controlling busbar area and interior electricity
Die opening realizes different heating powers, thus meeting different heating-up temperature demands.
(4) pattern metal paper tinsel makes the process simplification of electrode electrode fabrication, improves the conductive capability of electrode, saves
Production Time, reduce and make required material cost.
(5) divergent electrode be arranged on the flexibility that width increased Electric radiant Heating Film, opened up, for its application, the space more extensively including, with
When, the whole degree of heating of Electric radiant Heating Film and the uniformity of heating can also be improved.
(6) the perforate design of the busbar of electrode, also increased the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film, transparency conducting layer to a certain extent
Upper perforate design, can increase the permeability of Electric radiant Heating Film.
Brief description
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes a part for description, the reality with the present invention
Apply example and be used for explaining the present invention together, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is transparent heating film electrode setting figure in background technology；
Fig. 2 is the distribution of electrodes figure of the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 be the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 1 profile；
Fig. 4 is the Temperature Distribution photo of the electrothermal membrane infrared thermal imaging system shooting of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 5 is the Electric radiant Heating Film straight line temperature profile of the embodiment of the present invention 1, horizontal as mark be Electric radiant Heating Film position from left to right
Represent, indulging as mark is temperature；
Fig. 6 is the distribution of electrodes figure of the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 7 is the Temperature Distribution photo of the electrothermal membrane infrared thermal imaging system shooting of the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 8 is the Electric radiant Heating Film straight line temperature profile of the embodiment of the present invention 3, horizontal as mark be Electric radiant Heating Film position from left to right
Represent, indulging as mark is temperature；
In figure, 1-- transparency conducting layer, 2-- electrode, 21-- busbar, electrode in 22-, mono- electrode of 221-, 222- presss from both sides
Seam, 3-- transparent base, 4-- transparent covering layer, 5-- first perforate.
Specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated it will be appreciated that preferred reality described herein
Apply example to be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
In the examples below although numerical value all meets two formula simultaneously, but the figure for thick busbar carefully interior electrode
For pattern electrode, as long as parameter meets the goal of the invention that at least any one formula all enables the present invention, solving the present invention will
The technical problem solving.It has been merely given as in embodiment meeting the embodiment of two formula simultaneously, but will not be to skill of the present invention
Any restriction of art forecast scheme configuration.
The resistivity being related to material in following examples is all that it is known in the art that such as the resistivity of copper is 1.75
×10-8ω m, the resistivity of silver paste is 8 × 10-8ω m, Graphene (monolayer) 1 × 10-8ω·m.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to shown in Fig. 2,3, as the low-voltage transparent electric heating film of heater, electrode adopts silver paste to print to single-layer graphene
Brush.
Preparation technology is as follows:
1st, 125 μm of thickness pet (transparent base) upper shift a layer graphene, Graphene overdoping, sheet resistance is
250ω/□；
2nd, using screen printing apparatus, printed by ag paste electrode pattern, pattern form such as Fig. 2 institute on the Graphene having shifted
Show, 1-- transparency conducting layer, 2-- electrode, 21-- busbar, electrode in 22-, mono- electrode of 221-, 5- first perforate, interior electrode
Spacing is 6mm, long 108mm, totally 11, raw 10 intervals of common property, 25 μm of silver paste thickness；
3rd, the electrode pattern printing is placed in baking oven baking, so that silver paste is solidified, baking temperature is 130 DEG C, the time is
40min.
4th, inner electrode cuts out a crack 222 using cutting die one-shot forming, is formed by singly propping up the bifurcated that electrode 221 forms
Electrode, it is preferred that crack width is the width of single electrode, is 1mm；
As the further preferred version of the present embodiment, can also continue to increase following steps:
5th, the oca glue of 50 μm of thickness is fit together with pet of the same area；
6th, open square opening using laser cutting device in the pet/oca posting, the position of perforate will ensure this pet/oca
After fitting with electrode pattern, bus bar termination exposes the electrode of perforate size；
7th, to behind good position, pet/oca is fitted with electrode pattern；
9th, the electrode exposing in aperture goes out to make lead.
In such cases, recording Electric radiant Heating Film resistance is 2.7 ω, lead is connected respectively the both positive and negative polarity of 7.5v power supply, through surveying
Examination, can reach steady statue in 60 seconds, and Fig. 4 show the Temperature Distribution photo shooting using thermal infrared imager, and Fig. 5 show directly
Line temperature profile, now the mean temperature of Electric radiant Heating Film up to 92.3 DEG C about (room temperature be 22 DEG C), coincidence formula t=ku2/d2r
+ t (k=112).
Test result shows, using the electrode design scheme of our inventions, using during 3.7v power voltage supply heating film flat
All heating power is 1300w/m2Left and right, and voltage is the Electric radiant Heating Film average heating power using electrode in traditional nothing during 3.7v
For 5w/m2Left and right, will reach and need to be improved to 60v using voltage with our newly-designed Electric radiant Heating Film identical heats,
This is considerably beyond human safety voltage.
Embodiment 2:
Diverse location ceiling voltage and minimum voltage difference in order to be further ensured that busbar are less than 10%, this enforcement
On the basis of embodiment 1, width to busbar and the bar number as the divergent electrode of interior electrode are adjusted example.Specifically
For: interior electrode spacing is 6mm, long 108mm, totally 15, raw 14 intervals of common property, and the width of busbar is 8mm.
After tested, the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference 0.5%.
Embodiment 3:
Shown in Figure 6, as the low-voltage transparent electric heating film of heater, preparation technology is as follows for bilayer graphene:
1st, the Copper Foil having grown Graphene (through overdoping, sheet resistance is 120 ω/ to Graphene) is 125 μm with big thickness
Pet be combined by uv sticker, copper thickness be 25 μm；
2nd, by uv adhesive curing, wavelength is 365nm, and energy is 1000mj/cm2；
3rd, using screen printing apparatus, peelable glue mask is printed on the Copper Foil posting, pattern form is as shown in figure 4, interior
Electrode spacing is 3mm, long 108mm, totally 11, raw 10 intervals of common property；
4th, the electrode pattern printing is placed in baking in baking oven, makes peelable adhesive curing, baking temperature is 135 DEG C, the time
For 40min；
5th, adopt and cut out divergent electrode with cutting die one-shot forming.
6th, the sample after toasting is placed in 30% fecl3Etch in etching liquid, etching is washed after terminating and dried up, and takes electrode off
The peelable glue on surface.
As the further preferred version of the present embodiment, can also continue to increase following steps:
7th, the oca glue of 50 μm of thickness is fit together with pet of the same area；
8th, open square opening using laser cutting device in the pet/oca posting, the position of perforate will ensure this pet/oca
After fitting with electrode pattern, bus bar termination exposes the electrode of perforate size；
9th, to behind good position, pet/oca is fitted with electrode pattern；
10th, the electrode exposing in aperture goes out to make lead；
Recording Electric radiant Heating Film resistance is 2.5 ω, lead is connected respectively the both positive and negative polarity of 3.7v lithium ion battery, after tested, 50s
After stable the temperature of Electric radiant Heating Film up to 143.8 DEG C about (room temperature is 22 DEG C), coincidence formula t=ku2/d2R+t (k=96).
Embodiment 4:
Diverse location ceiling voltage and minimum voltage difference in order to be further ensured that busbar are less than 10%, this enforcement
On the basis of embodiment 3, width to busbar and the bar number as the divergent electrode of interior electrode are adjusted example.Specifically
For: the longest interior electrode is 130mm, and interior electrode spacing is 4mm, raw 10 intervals of common property, busbar width 10mm.
After tested, the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference 3.6%.
Interior electrode in above example all can be fabricated to the other shapes such as the wavy or zigzag being parallel to each other, crack
Wave or other curve shape can be cut into.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to aforementioned reality
Apply example the present invention has been described in detail, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be to aforementioned each enforcement
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent to wherein some technical characteristics.All essences in the present invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (30)
1. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, including transparent base, transparency conducting layer, electrode；Transparency conducting layer is formed at transparent
At least side of base material；It is characterized in that: electrode is made up of busbar and interior electrode, and interior electrode is extended towards by busbar and formed
Interdigital electrode；Busbar connects the negative or positive electrode of power supply so that two adjacent interior polarities of electrode are contrary, positive bus bar during energising
The electric current providing flows into electrode in corresponding negative pole by electrode in each positive pole and finally all imports negative bus bar；Electrode is located at transparent
Make electrical contact with conductive layer and with transparency conducting layer；
In described interior electrode, the interior electrode positioned at electric heating film edge is single electrode, and in remaining, electrode is to prop up electrode by multiple lists
The divergent electrode of the bar shaped of composition, the list of described divergent electrode props up formation crack between electrode.
2. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described divergent electrode is by two
Single electrode composition.
3. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described divergent electrode is not respectively by
Prop up electrode composition with the list of number.
4. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described interior interelectrode spacing phase
Deng.
5. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: the width phase of described divergent electrode
Deng, that is, the unipolar width of each divergent electrode and between it crack width sum be equal.
6. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: the single electrode of each divergent electrode
Width equal, and the width of single interelectrode crack is equal.
7. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: in described divergent electrode, single
Interelectrode spacing is 2 μm of width to single electrode, and within this range, the live width according to single electrode passes through electric current energy to width
Power sets.
8. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described crack be linear, folding
Linear or shaped form.
9. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 2 it is characterised in that: described divergent electrode is uniformly distributed
On busbar.
10. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described conflux be provided with multiple
First perforate.
A kind of 11. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 10 it is characterised in that: described first perforate setting
Position is the position pointed by divergent electrode of comparative electrode.
A kind of 12. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 10 it is characterised in that: described first perforate be two
The rectangle structure of rounding.
A kind of 13. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described transparency conducting layer is upper
It is provided with the second perforate between interior electrode.
A kind of 14. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 13 it is characterised in that: the diameter of described second perforate
It is less than 1mm.
A kind of 15. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 13 it is characterised in that: described second perforate uniformly divides
It is distributed in the centre that interior electrode forms interval, and form the row with interior electrode runs parallel trend.
A kind of 16. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: divide on transparency conducting layer two sides
Positive and negative two sets of electrodes are not set, and the interior electrode of this two sets of electrodes staggers certain distance, that is, positive and negative interdigital electrode is respectively placed in
Bright conductive layer both sides, form the interdigital electrode being separated by transparency conducting layer it is ensured that electric current, uniformly through transparency conducting layer, so may be used
It is further ensured that the uniformity of heating.
A kind of 17. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: the material bag of transparency conducting layer
Contain but be not limited to Graphene, CNT, ito, fto, azo.
A kind of 18. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: electrode material comprises but does not limit
In good materials of electric conductivity such as native silver, silver paste, Copper Foil, copper slurry, aluminum, ito, Graphenes.
A kind of 19. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 18 it is characterised in that: described electrode material be copper
Paper tinsel, and electrode is located on transparency conducting layer and is integrally formed with transparency conducting layer, described transparency conducting layer is single or multiple lift
Graphene.
A kind of 20. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described electrode can be formed at
Between bright base material and transparency conducting layer.
A kind of 21. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described transparent base be glass
Or polymer.
A kind of 22. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 21 it is characterised in that: described transparent base comprise but
It is not limited to pet, pvc, pe, pc thin film.
A kind of 23. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described transparency conducting layer is single
Layer or multi-layer graphene.
A kind of 24. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 23 it is characterised in that: described transparency conducting layer is single
Layer graphene.
A kind of 25. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: in electrode and transparency conducting layer
Upper protective mulch, described protective layer adopts flexible clear materials, forms transparent protective layer.
A kind of 26. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 23 it is characterised in that: described transparent protective layer
Material is including but not limited to pet, pvc, pe, pc thin film.
27. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film described in 1 is required according to profit it is characterised in that: by described electrode serial or parallel connection
Or by transparent electric heating film serial or parallel connection.
A kind of 28. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described interior electrode be linear,
Waveform or zigzag, the pattern form of described busbar and interior electrode composition, can according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film and application demand
Linear, shaped form, also can surround circle, ellipse.
A kind of 29. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to any one of claim 1-26 it is characterised in that: the final temperature that heats up
Degree, initial temperature, supply voltage, the square resistance of electrode spacing and transparency conducting layer meets equation below in two:
t = ku2/d2R+t (1)
Wherein:
T initial temperature, unit be DEG C；
T Electric radiant Heating Film heats up institute to final warming temperature, and unit is DEG C；
U supply voltage, unit is v, u≤12v；
Electrode spacing in d, unit is cm；
R transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is ω/；
K constant, span is 10-200, and k span has not according to the coefficient of conductivity between Electric radiant Heating Film and air
With the coefficient of conductivity and Electric radiant Heating Film and air between is inversely proportional to.
A kind of 30. low-voltage transparent electric heating films according to any one of claim 1-26 it is characterised in that: the setting of busbar
Put and should ensure that interior electrode is arranged on the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference is less than 10%, meet as follows
Formula (2):
n(n+1)lρl/ whr ＜ 1/5 (2)
Wherein:
In n, electrode makes to create n interval in the area that busbar surrounds altogether；
ρ1Bus bar materials resistivity, unit is ω m；
Every length of electrode in l, is calculated by wherein long interior electrode when length does not wait, and unit is m；
W busbar width, unit is m；
H busbar thickness, unit is m；
R transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is ω/.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510203320.1A CN104883760B (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film |
| US15/014,224 US10631372B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-02-03 | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
| PCT/CN2016/079763 WO2016169481A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| EP16782628.8A EP3288337B1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| KR1020177033959A KR102041029B1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Heat Transfer Device and Heat Transfer Device Manufacturing Method and Heat Transfer Device |
| ES16782628T ES2908327T3 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method thereof, and electric heating apparatus |
| JP2018506470A JP6802835B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Methods and devices for manufacturing electric film devices and electric film devices |
| US16/820,410 US20200221547A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-03-16 | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510203320.1A CN104883760B (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film |
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| CN104883760A CN104883760A (en) | 2015-09-02 |
| CN104883760B true CN104883760B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10631372B2 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2020-04-21 | Guanping Feng | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
| CN105434099B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-02-12 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Hand warmer |
| CN105539368A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 上海烯旺信息科技有限公司 | Heating windshield system based on graphene technique |
| CN106094924B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 深圳烯旺智能生活有限公司 | A kind of graphene intelligent temperature control blanket |
| CN106137518B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-02-12 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Light and thin heating neck guard |
| EP3488663B1 (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2020-09-30 | DuPont Electronics, Inc. | Thin-film heating device |
| CN106455154B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-10-01 | 常州中科特炭新能源科技有限公司 | The preparation process of low-voltage olefinic carbon flexible electrothermal membrane |
| CN106702307A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-24 | 东莞珂洛赫慕电子材料科技有限公司 | Plasma spraying flexible electric heating device and preparation method thereof |
| CN106739988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司 | Electrical heating vehicular windscreens glass |
| CN208079424U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-11-09 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Far infrared heating module and light wave physiotherapy room heating device |
| CN111263473A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 宁波舜宇车载光学技术有限公司 | Heating device and radar housing |
| CN109699094B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2022-01-28 | 佛山市丰晴科技有限公司 | Flexible graphene electrothermal film and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112804773B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-08-05 | 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 | Heating plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113347748B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-05-03 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Rectangular carbon-based electrothermal film with high power density and preparation method thereof |
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