CN104883760A - Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film - Google Patents
Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104883760A CN104883760A CN201510203320.1A CN201510203320A CN104883760A CN 104883760 A CN104883760 A CN 104883760A CN 201510203320 A CN201510203320 A CN 201510203320A CN 104883760 A CN104883760 A CN 104883760A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- conducting layer
- heating film
- voltage
- transparent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-voltage transparent electrothermal film, including a transparent base material, a transparent conducting layer and electrodes. The transparent conducting layer is formed on at least one side of the transparent base material; the electrodes are formed by bus bars and inner electrodes, and the inner electrodes extend oppositely from the bus bars to form interdigital electrodes; the bus bars are connected with a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a power supply, so that the two adjacent inner electrodes are opposite in polarity, and in energization, current provided by the positive electrode bus bar flows from the positive inner electrodes into the corresponding negative inner electrodes and finally all converges into the negative electrode bus bar; and the electrodes are located on the transparent conducting layer and is in electrical contact with the transparent conducting layer. The low-voltage transparent electrothermal film is provided with the bus bars and the inner electrodes, an interval of two electrodes is reduced to enable resistance of the transparent conducting layer between the two electrodes to be reduced, thus low voltage can be used to supply power, and normally, the low-voltage transparent electrothermal film can be heated to 90 to 180 DEG C rapidly by adoption of voltage of a lithium battery of everyday use. Two sets of electrodes can be arranged on two sides of graphene, and the inner electrodes of the two sets of electrodes are staggered at a certain distance, thereby further ensuring heating uniformity, and improving heating temperature under the same low voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transparent electric heating film and preparation technology thereof, especially a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Transparent heating film is typically employed in film material plated surface transparent conducting coating, then conductive electrode is made on conductive coating surface, electrode is generally two parallel bonding jumpers, two bonding jumpers connect positive source and negative pole respectively, electric current flows through transparent conducting coating and produces heat, as shown in Figure 1 (be the patent of CN103828482A see publication number).The square resistance when thickness is thinner such as electrically conducting transparent layer graphene conventional at present, carbon nano-tube, ITO, FTO, AZO etc. is comparatively large, and this makes to use higher supply power voltage to meet heating requirements, is unfavorable for safety and the portability instructions for use of Electric radiant Heating Film; And, though thickness increases can reduce use voltage, add material cost, reduce production efficiency and light transmittance simultaneously.
Publication number is CN102883486A, name is called in the patent of " a kind of transparent electrical-heating film based on Graphene and preparation method thereof ", transparent electrical-heating film comprises transparent flexible substrate, transparent flexible substrate arranges graphene film, graphene film is provided with conduction and connects nethike embrane, conduction connects nethike embrane and is provided with electrode, and electrode is connected nethike embrane with conduction and graphene film is electrically connected; Electrode arranges overcoat, and overcoat covers on electrode, and covers on graphene film and conduction connection nethike embrane.This patent proposes to adopt Graphene to be connected the transparent heating material of nethike embrane as Electric radiant Heating Film with conduction, and the method can connect by conduction the sheet resistance that nethike embrane reduces whole clearing electric conducting material, but there is following shortcoming:
1) conduction connects the sheet resistance of nethike embrane usually much smaller than Graphene sheet resistance, and the two is and connects relation, plays mainly conduction connection nethike embrane instead of the Graphene of heat effect like this.
2) conduction connects the wire diameter <5 μm of nethike embrane, is very easily burnt Electric radiant Heating Film was lost efficacy when adopting conventional metal material to be energized.
A kind of Graphene flexible and transparent heating element and preparation method thereof was also once proposed, for the uniformity strengthening heating uses patterned transparent electrode, receiving electrode in the middle part of transparency electrode in prior art.But patterned electrodes also uses transparent conductive material, because transparent conductive material conductivity is poor, also be difficult to after introducing patterned electrodes obtain the effect reducing and use voltage, multilayer (5-6 layer) Graphene therefore must be used to reduce resistance and use voltage to reduce.In addition, if use two parallel poles instead of patterned electrodes, then the heating uniformity obtained is poor, thermal self-restraint stress and more than minimum point difference 60K, is difficult to realize practical requirement.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, this transparent electric heating film can work under low-voltage (≤12V), reaches the temperature of expection.
Further, this transparent electric heating film heating uniformity is good.
Further, this transparent electric heating film uses thinner transparency conducting layer heating, use Graphene can use single-layer graphene as during transparency conducting layer, this Electric radiant Heating Film uses very low voltage (as≤1.5V) can obtain the heating effect identical with conventional transparent Electric radiant Heating Film simultaneously, and what play heating functioin is transparency conducting layer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation technology of above-mentioned low-voltage transparent electric heating film.
Another object of the present invention improves the flexibility of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, makes it be free to bend.
In order to solve aforementioned technical problem, reaching above-mentioned technique effect, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film, comprises transparent base, transparency conducting layer, electrode; Transparency conducting layer is formed at least side of transparent base; Electrode is made up of busbar and interior electrode, and interior electrode extends to form interdigital electrode in opposite directions by busbar; Busbar connects the negative or positive electrode of power supply, and make two adjacent interior polarities of electrode contrary, the electric current that during energising, positive bus bar provides flows into electrode in corresponding negative pole by electrode in each positive pole and finally all imports negative bus bar; Electrode to be positioned on transparency conducting layer and with transparency conducting layer electrical contact.
Preferably, in described interior electrode, the electrode being positioned at Electric radiant Heating Film edge is single electrode, and in all the other, electrode is prop up by multiple list the bar divergent electrode that electrode forms, and the list of described divergent electrode props up between electrode and forms tiny crack;
Preferably, described divergent electrode can prop up electrode composition by two lists, also can prop up electrode by the list of different number respectively and form;
Preferably, described interior interelectrode spacing is equal;
Preferably, the width of described divergent electrode is equal, and namely the unipolar width of each divergent electrode is equal with crack width sum between it;
Preferably, the unipolar width of each divergent electrode is equal, and the width of single interelectrode crack is equal;
Preferably, in described divergent electrode, single interelectrode spacing is 2 μm of width to single electrode, and width is within the scope of this, and the live width according to single electrode is set by current capacity;
Preferably, described crack is linear, fold-line-shaped or shaped form;
Preferred further, described divergent electrode props up electrode composition by two lists, and be uniformly distributed on busbar preferred further, described divergent electrode props up electrode composition by two lists, is uniformly distributed on busbar.
The setting of divergent electrode, can improve the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film.
Preferably, described in conflux and be provided with multiple first perforate, the position that the first perforate is arranged is preferably the position pointed by divergent electrode of comparative electrode; Preferably, described first perforate is the rectangle structure of two rounding; Preferred further, the length on described long limit is equal with the width of divergent electrode.The width of perforate is not according to material to affect electric current by unsuitable, and perforate arranges the flexibility that can further improve Electric radiant Heating Film.
Preferably, described transparency conducting layer is provided with the second perforate between interior electrode; Preferably, the diameter of described second perforate is for being no more than 1mm; Preferably, described second perforate is uniformly distributed in the centre that interior electrode forms interval, and forms the row moved towards with interior electrode runs parallel.The gas permeability of conductive layer and the flexibility of further raising Electric radiant Heating Film when can increase like this.
Preferably, electrode by thick busbar and some carefully in electrode form, busbar one end or structure centre connect the negative or positive electrode of power supply; Further preferably, positive and negative two cover electrodes can be set respectively on transparency conducting layer two sides, interior electrode of this two covers electrode staggers certain distance, namely positive and negative interdigital electrode is placed in transparency conducting layer both sides respectively, form the interdigital electrode separated by transparency conducting layer, ensure that uniform current is by transparency conducting layer, can ensure the uniformity heated so further.
Preferably, the material of transparency conducting layer is including but not limited to Graphene, carbon nano-tube, ITO, FTO, AZO etc.
Preferably, electrode can be made up of transparent conductive material, and wherein, preferred transparent electrode material is Graphene.
Preferably, electrode to be positioned on graphene layer and to be integrally formed with graphene layer.
Preferably, electrode material is including but not limited to silver, material that electric conductivity such as silver slurry, copper, copper slurry, aluminium, ITO etc. is good.Electrode material is best with Copper Foil.
Preferably, electrode can be formed between transparent base and transparency conducting layer.
Preferably, transparent base can be glass or polymer, and transparent base is including but not limited to films such as PET, PVC, PE, PC.More preferably, polymer can be: PET, PMMA, PVDF, PANI, or its composition.
Preferably, described transparency conducting layer is single or multiple lift Graphene.The best is single-layer graphene.
The application of electrode of special construction of the present invention, on single-layer graphene, can make this transparent electric heating film work under low-voltage (≤12V), can use more low-voltage on multi-layer graphene.
Preferably, graphene layer can use dopant; More preferably, dopant can be inorganic/organic blended dose.
Preferably, can on electrode and graphene layer protective mulch; More preferably, protective layer can adopt flexible clear materials.
Preferably, the material of transparent covering layer is including but not limited to films such as PET, PVC, PE, PC.
Preferably, can by electrode serial or parallel connection of the present invention.
Preferably, can by transparent electric heating film serial or parallel connection of the present invention.
Further, described interior electrode is linear, waveform or zigzag, described busbar is according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film and application demand, can linearly shape, shaped form, the pattern form of busbar and interior electrode composition, according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film and application demand, also can surround square, circular, oval or arbitrary shape.
Preferred, described busbar is positioned at the edge of transparency conducting layer, and contacts well with transparency conducting layer, and described interior electrode is extended to another busbar by a busbar, and adjacent inner electrodes, from different busbar, extends in opposite directions.
Further, the present inventor finds, for obtaining good temperature homogeneity at lower voltages, for the electrode of special construction of the present invention, in final warming temperature, initial temperature, supply power voltage, two, the square resistance of electrode spacing and transparency conducting layer meets following formula:
T＝kU
2/d
2R+t (1)
Wherein: in two electrode spacing laminated according to electrically conducting transparent in electrode spacing calculate,
T---initial temperature, unit is DEG C;
T---Electric radiant Heating Film heats up institute to final warming temperature, and unit is DEG C;
U---supply power voltage, unit is V, U≤12V;
D---interior electrode spacing, unit is cm;
R---transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is Ω/;
K---constant, span is that 10-200, k span has different according to the coefficient of conductivity between Electric radiant Heating Film from air, and the coefficient of conductivity between Electric radiant Heating Film and air is inversely proportional to.
Adopting the electrode of special construction of the present invention, made by spacing interelectrode in reduction two resistance of two interelectrode transparency conducting layers reduce, is a kind of optimization approach, makes to use low voltage power supply to become possibility.Normally can adopt daily lithium battery voltage, rapid heat temperature raising can be reached.
Preferably, the busbar of Electric radiant Heating Film and interior electrode can be same material, and also can be different materials, its length is according to the size design of Electric radiant Heating Film.For ensureing temperature homogeneity, the width of busbar and thickness need consider current carrying capacity and the resistivity of material therefor, resistivity is enough little, to reduce the voltage drop on busbar, in ensureing, electrode is arranged on the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference is no more than 10%, and current carrying capacity determines busbar sectional area and must be greater than a certain numerical value guarantee busbar and do not burnt.The present inventor finds to there is following formula (2):
n(n+1)lρ
l/WHR＜1/5 (2)
Wherein:
N interval is created altogether in n---the area that interior electrode makes busbar surround;
ρ
1---bus bar materials resistivity, unit is Ω m;
L---the every root length of interior electrode, by wherein the longest interior electrode calculating when length does not wait, unit is m;
W---busbar width, unit is m;
H---busbar thickness, unit is m;
R---transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is Ω/.
The present invention makes the resistance of two interelectrode transparency conducting layers reduce by adopting interelectrode spacing in the electrode of special construction, reduction two, thus can low voltage power supply be used, normally can adopt daily lithium battery voltage, can reach and be heated to 90-180 DEG C rapidly.Positive and negative two cover electrodes can be arranged at Graphene two sides respectively, form the interdigital electrode separated by Graphene, the uniformity heated can be ensured so further, under same low-voltage, improve the temperature of heating.Meanwhile, the setting of divergent electrode, has the uniformity at the whole degree of heating and heating determining degree increases Electric radiant Heating Film.
If Electric radiant Heating Film is not flexible, when the curvature becoming song is excessive, when such as curving spherical shape, more difficult, also can send between sound.The present inventor finds, is carried out the vibrational power flow of divergent electrode, effectively add the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film by inner electrode, can light free bend, can form spherical structure and freely fold, for use brings great convenience.Formula is surveyed through flexibility, with prolong busbar bearing of trend respectively to two sides be bent to Electric radiant Heating Film both sides contact 2min, prolonging interior electrode bearing of trend again, to be bent to the Electric radiant Heating Film both sides 2min that contacts respectively to two sides be a flexible test unit, low-voltage transparent electric heating film of the present invention is through 200,000 test cells, electrode and membrane structure are without damaged phenomenon, and each performance is constant.When other condition is constant, the flexibility being provided with the Electric radiant Heating Film of divergent electrode structure is more than 7 times of the Electric radiant Heating Film flexibility not being provided with bifurcation structure.
For the transparent conductive material be grown in metal foil substrate, the metal foil substrate pattern-making polarizing electrode of the good transparent conductive film of superficial growth can be adopted, preparation process can be simplified like this, save time and material cost, the conductivity of metal forming is good simultaneously, be conducive to the control of Electric radiant Heating Film temperature homogeneity, detailed process is as follows:
1, the transparent conductive material be grown in metal foil substrate is prepared;
2, transparent base and metal forming are grown there is the one side of transparent conductive material to be bonded together;
3, in metal foil surfaces, make mask by the method for photoetching or printing, mask pattern designs on request;
4, the transparent base/transparency conducting layer/metal forming making mask is placed in etching liquid, etches away not by the metal of mask protection;
5, remove the mask of surface of metal electrode, form patterned electrodes.
Further preferably, can cover protective clear layer on transparency conducting layer and patterned electrodes, concrete steps are as follows:
6, will the protective clear layer perforate of band glue, to expose the electrode that will go between when itself and lower electrode and transparency conducting layer are fitted;
7, fit behind the hole of protective clear layer and the good position of electrode pair;
8, lead-in wire is made at the electrode place that aperture exposes.
Preferably, transparent conductive material can be Graphene.
Preferably, using transparent adhesive tape transparent base and metal forming to be grown has the one side of transparent conductive material to bond.More preferably, described transparent adhesive tape is including but not limited to various UV light-cured resin, PUR, silica gel etc.
Preferably, described metal forming can be selected from but be not limited to Copper Foil, nickel foil, corronil paper tinsel etc.
Preferably, described etching liquid is selected according to metal forming, can add the material improving transparent conductive material conductivity in etching liquid.
Preferably, the method removing surface of metal electrode mask described in can select the method for hand stripping or solution removal according to mask material.
Preferably, the preparation method of a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film of the present invention also can adopt following steps:
1, transparent base and transparency conducting layer are bonded together;
2, make electrode over transparent conductive layer, the method for directly printing electrocondution slurry or evaporation electric conducting material can be adopted to carry out, and electrode pattern designs according to demand for heat.
Further preferably, can on transparency conducting layer and electrode protective mulch, concrete steps are as follows:
3, will the protective clear layer perforate of band glue, to expose the electrode that will go between when itself and lower electrode and transparency conducting layer are fitted;
4, fit behind the hole of protective clear layer and the good position of electrode pair;
5, lead-in wire is made at the electrode place that aperture exposes.
Cut out or adopt when making electrode one-body molded by cutting die one-shot forming after described divergent electrode adopts electrode fabrication; The one-shot forming of preferred employing cutting die cuts out.
Further, can also laser drilling between interior electrode over transparent conductive layer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) because the introducing of busbar and interior electrode reduces the electrode spacing of transparency conducting layer well, compared with the electrode design scheme of existing transparent electric heating film, lower power voltage supply can be used, the compact powers such as lithium battery so just can be used to power.
(2) electrode design of the thin interior electrode of thick busbar under the condition that heating voltage is identical, can use the transparent conductive material that conductivity is poor, obtains the heating effect identical with the material of good conductivity by changing interior electrode spacing.
(3) under the fixing condition of supply voltage and transparent conductive material, different heating powers can be realized by control busbar area and interior electrode spacing, thus meet different heating-up temperature demands.
(4) pattern metal paper tinsel makes the process simplification of electrode electrode fabrication, improves the conductive capability of electrode, saves Production Time, reduce the material cost needed for making.
(5) divergent electrode be arranged on the flexibility that width adds Electric radiant Heating Film, for the space of more extensively drawing together has been opened up in its application, meanwhile, the whole degree of heating of Electric radiant Heating Film and the uniformity of heating can also be improved.
(6) the perforate design of the busbar of electrode, also adds the flexibility of Electric radiant Heating Film to a certain extent, and on transparency conducting layer, perforate design, can increase the permeability of Electric radiant Heating Film.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that in background technology, transparent heating film electrode arranges figure;
Fig. 2 is the distribution of electrodes figure of the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 be the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 1 profile;
Fig. 4 is the Temperature Distribution photo of the electrothermal membrane infrared thermal imager shooting of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the Electric radiant Heating Film straight line temperature profile of the embodiment of the present invention 1, and horizontal is Electric radiant Heating Film positional representation from left to right as mark, and vertical is temperature as mark;
Fig. 6 is the distribution of electrodes figure of the Electric radiant Heating Film of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 7 is the Temperature Distribution photo of the electrothermal membrane infrared thermal imager shooting of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 8 is the Electric radiant Heating Film straight line temperature profile of the embodiment of the present invention 3, and horizontal is Electric radiant Heating Film positional representation from left to right as mark, and vertical is temperature as mark;
In figure, 1--transparency conducting layer, 2--electrode, 21--busbar, electrode in 22-, 221-mono-electrode, 222-crack, 3--transparent base, 4--transparent covering layer, 5--first perforate.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
In the examples below, although numerical value meets two formula all simultaneously, but the pattern electrode of electrode in thin for thick busbar, as long as parameter meets at least any one formula all can realize goal of the invention of the present invention, solves the technical problem to be solved in the present invention.Just give the execution mode simultaneously meeting two formula in embodiment, but any restriction can not be formed to technical solution of the present invention.
The resistivity relating to material in following examples is all well known in the art, and such as, the resistivity of copper is 1.75 × 10
-8Ω m, the resistivity of silver slurry is 8 × 10
-8Ω m, Graphene (individual layer) 1 × 10
-8Ω m.
Embodiment 1:
Shown in Fig. 2,3, single-layer graphene is as the low-voltage transparent electric heating film of heater, and electrode adopts the printing of silver slurry.
Preparation technology is as follows:
1, at upper transfer one layer graphene of the PET (transparent base) of thickness 125 μm, Graphene is overdoping, and sheet resistance is 250 Ω/;
2, use screen printing apparatus on the Graphene shifted, print ag paste electrode pattern, pattern form as shown in Figure 2,1--transparency conducting layer, 2--electrode, 21--busbar, electrode in 22-, 221-mono-electrode, 5-first perforate, interior electrode spacing is 6mm, long 108mm, totally 11, raw 10 intervals of common property, silver slurry thickness 25 μm;
3, the electrode pattern printed is placed in baking oven to toast, make the solidification of silver slurry, baking temperature is 130 DEG C, and the time is 40min.
4, inner electrode adopts cutting die one-shot forming to cut out a crack 222, and formed by the divergent electrode singly propping up electrode 221 and form, preferably, crack width is the width of single electrode, is 1mm;
As the further preferred version of the present embodiment, can also continue to increase following steps:
5, the OCA glue of thickness 50 μm and PET of the same area are fit together;
6, use PET/OCA that laser cutting device is posting to open square opening, after the position of perforate will ensure that this PET/OCA and electrode pattern are fitted, bus bar termination exposes the electrode of perforate size;
7, to behind good position, PET/OCA and electrode pattern are fitted;
9, the electrode exposed at aperture goes out to make lead-in wire.
In such cases, recording Electric radiant Heating Film resistance is 2.7 Ω, lead-in wire is connected respectively the both positive and negative polarity of 7.5V power supply, after tested, within 60 seconds, can stable state be reached, Figure 4 shows that the Temperature Distribution photo using thermal infrared imager shooting, Figure 5 shows that straight line temperature profile, now the mean temperature of Electric radiant Heating Film can reach about 92.3 DEG C (room temperature is 22 DEG C), coincidence formula T=kU
2/ d
2r+t (k=112).
Test result shows, the electrode design scheme using us to invent, and the average heating power using heating film during 3.7V power voltage supply is 1300w/m
2left and right, and when voltage is 3.7V, use traditional Electric radiant Heating Film average heating power without interior electrode to be 5w/m
2left and right, reach the identical heating effect of Electric radiant Heating Film newly-designed with us and use voltage to be increased to about 60V, this is considerably beyond human safety voltage.
Embodiment 2:
In order to ensure that the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference are no more than 10% further, the present embodiment on the basis of embodiment 1, to the width of busbar with adjust as the number of the divergent electrode of interior electrode.Be specially: interior electrode spacing is 6mm, long 108mm, totally 15, raw 14 intervals of common property, the width of busbar is 8mm.
After tested, the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference 0.5%.
Embodiment 3:
Shown in Figure 6, bilayer graphene is as the low-voltage transparent electric heating film of heater, and preparation technology is as follows:
1, by the Copper Foil having grown Graphene (through overdoping, sheet resistance is 120 Ω/ to Graphene) and heavy thickness be the PET of 125 μm by together with UV glue laminating, copper thickness is 25 μm;
2, by UV adhesive curing, wavelength is 365nm, and energy is 1000mJ/cm
2;
3, use screen printing apparatus to print peelable glue mask on the Copper Foil posted, as shown in Figure 4, interior electrode spacing is 3mm to pattern form, long 108mm, totally 11, raw 10 intervals of common property;
4, the electrode pattern printed is placed in baking oven to toast, peelable glue is solidified, baking temperature is 135 DEG C, and the time is 40min;
5, adopt and cut out divergent electrode with cutting die one-shot forming.
6, the sample after baking is placed in the FeCl of 30%
3etch in etching liquid, etching terminates after washing and dries up, and takes the peelable glue of electrode surface off.
As the further preferred version of the present embodiment, can also continue to increase following steps:
7, the OCA glue of thickness 50 μm and PET of the same area are fit together;
8, use PET/OCA that laser cutting device is posting to open square opening, after the position of perforate will ensure that this PET/OCA and electrode pattern are fitted, bus bar termination exposes the electrode of perforate size;
9, to behind good position, PET/OCA and electrode pattern are fitted;
10, the electrode exposed at aperture goes out to make lead-in wire;
Recording Electric radiant Heating Film resistance is 2.5 Ω, and lead-in wire is connected respectively the both positive and negative polarity of 3.7V lithium ion battery, after tested, the temperature that 50S stablizes rear Electric radiant Heating Film can reach about 143.8 DEG C (room temperature is 22 DEG C), coincidence formula T=kU
2/ d
2r+t (K=96).
Embodiment 4:
In order to ensure that the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference are no more than 10% further, the present embodiment on the basis of embodiment 3, to the width of busbar with adjust as the number of the divergent electrode of interior electrode.Be specially: the longest interior electrode is 130mm, interior electrode spacing is 4mm, raw 10 intervals of common property, the wide 10mm of busbar.
After tested, the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference 3.6%.
Interior electrode in above embodiment all can be made into other shapes such as the wavy or zigzag be parallel to each other, and crack can be cut into wave or other curve shape.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a low-voltage transparent electric heating film, comprises transparent base, transparency conducting layer, electrode; Transparency conducting layer is formed at least side of transparent base; It is characterized in that: electrode is made up of busbar and interior electrode, and interior electrode extends to form interdigital electrode in opposite directions by busbar; Busbar connects the negative or positive electrode of power supply, and make two adjacent interior polarities of electrode contrary, the electric current that during energising, positive bus bar provides flows into electrode in corresponding negative pole by electrode in each positive pole and finally all imports negative bus bar; Electrode to be positioned on transparency conducting layer and with transparency conducting layer electrical contact.
2. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described interior electrode, the electrode being positioned at Electric radiant Heating Film edge is single electrode, and in all the other, electrode is prop up by multiple list the bar divergent electrode that electrode forms, and the list of described divergent electrode props up between electrode and forms crack;
Preferably, described divergent electrode can prop up electrode composition by two lists, also can prop up electrode by the list of different number respectively and form;
Preferably, described interior interelectrode spacing is equal;
Preferably, the width of described divergent electrode is equal, and namely the unipolar width of each divergent electrode is equal with crack width sum between it;
Preferably, the unipolar width of each divergent electrode is equal, and the width of single interelectrode crack is equal;
Preferably, in described divergent electrode, single interelectrode spacing is 2 μm of width to single electrode, and width is within the scope of this, and the live width according to single electrode is set by current capacity;
Preferably, described crack is linear, fold-line-shaped or shaped form;
Preferred further, described divergent electrode props up electrode composition by two lists, is uniformly distributed on busbar.
3. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described in conflux and be provided with multiple first perforate, the position that the first perforate is arranged is preferably the position pointed by divergent electrode of comparative electrode; Preferably, described first perforate is the rectangle structure of two rounding; Preferred further, the length on described long limit is equal with the width of divergent electrode.
4. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described transparency conducting layer is provided with the second perforate between interior electrode; Preferably, the diameter of described second perforate is for being no more than 1mm; Preferably, described second perforate is uniformly distributed in the centre that interior electrode forms interval, and forms the row moved towards with interior electrode runs parallel.
5. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, is characterized in that: electrode by thick busbar and some carefully in electrode form, busbar one end or structure centre connect the negative or positive electrode of power supply; Further preferably, positive and negative two cover electrodes can be set respectively on transparency conducting layer two sides, interior electrode of this two covers electrode staggers certain distance, namely positive and negative interdigital electrode is placed in transparency conducting layer both sides respectively, form the interdigital electrode separated by transparency conducting layer, ensure that uniform current is by transparency conducting layer, can ensure the uniformity heated so further.
6. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, is characterized in that: the material of transparency conducting layer is including but not limited to Graphene, carbon nano-tube, ITO, FTO, AZO etc.; Preferably, electrode material is including but not limited to silver, material that electric conductivity such as silver slurry, copper, copper slurry, aluminium, ITO, Graphene etc. is good; Preferably, electrode can be made up of transparent conductive material, and wherein, preferred electrode material is Graphene; Optimum electrode material is Copper Foil; Preferably, electrode is formed on transparency conducting layer; Preferably, electrode to be positioned on graphene layer and to be integrally formed with graphene layer; Preferably, electrode can be formed between transparent base and transparency conducting layer; Preferably, transparent base can be glass or polymer, and transparent base is including but not limited to films such as PET, PVC, PE, PC; More preferably, polymer can be: PET, PMMA, PVDF, PANI, or its composition; Preferably, described transparency conducting layer is single or multiple lift Graphene, best preferred single layer Graphene;
Preferred further, graphene layer can use dopant; More preferably, dopant can be inorganic/organic blended dose; Preferably, can on electrode and graphene layer protective mulch; More preferably, protective layer can adopt flexible clear materials; Preferably, the material of transparent covering layer is including but not limited to films such as PET, PVC, PE, PC.
7. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, is characterized in that: can by electrode serial or parallel connection of the present invention; Preferably, can by transparent electric heating film serial or parallel connection of the present invention.
8. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: described interior electrode is linear, waveform or zigzag, the pattern form of described busbar and interior electrode composition is according to the shape of Electric radiant Heating Film and application demand, can linearly shape, shaped form, also can surround circle, ellipse or arbitrary shape.
9. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, is characterized in that: in final warming temperature, initial temperature, supply power voltage, two, the square resistance of electrode spacing and transparency conducting layer meets following formula:
T＝kU
2/d
2R+t (1)
Wherein:
T---initial temperature, unit is DEG C;
T---Electric radiant Heating Film heats up institute to final warming temperature, and unit is DEG C;
U---supply power voltage, unit is V, U≤12V;
D---interior electrode spacing, unit is cm;
R---transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is Ω/;
K---constant, span is that 10-200, k span has different according to the coefficient of conductivity between Electric radiant Heating Film from air, and the coefficient of conductivity between Electric radiant Heating Film and air is inversely proportional to.
10. a kind of low-voltage transparent electric heating film according to above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that: the setting of busbar should ensure that interior electrode is arranged on the diverse location ceiling voltage of busbar and minimum voltage difference is no more than 10%, meets following formula (2):
n(n+1)lρ
l/WHR＜1/5 (2)
Wherein:
N interval is created altogether in n---the area that interior electrode makes busbar surround;
ρ
1---bus bar materials resistivity, unit is Ω m;
L---the every root length of interior electrode, by wherein the longest interior electrode calculating when length does not wait, unit is m;
W---busbar width, unit is m;
H---busbar thickness, unit is m;
R---transparency conducting layer square resistance, unit is Ω/.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510203320.1A CN104883760B (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film |
| US15/014,224 US10631372B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-02-03 | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
| ES16782628T ES2908327T3 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method thereof, and electric heating apparatus |
| JP2018506470A JP6802835B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Methods and devices for manufacturing electric film devices and electric film devices |
| PCT/CN2016/079763 WO2016169481A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| EP16782628.8A EP3288337B1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| KR1020177033959A KR102041029B1 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2016-04-20 | Heat Transfer Device and Heat Transfer Device Manufacturing Method and Heat Transfer Device |
| US16/820,410 US12004272B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-03-16 | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510203320.1A CN104883760B (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104883760A true CN104883760A (en) | 2015-09-02 |
| CN104883760B CN104883760B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
Family
ID=53951053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510203320.1A Active CN104883760B (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2015-04-24 | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104883760B (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105434099A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-03-30 | 冯欣悦 | Hand warmer |
| CN105539368A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 上海烯旺信息科技有限公司 | Heating windshield system based on graphene technique |
| WO2016169481A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-27 | 冯冠平 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| CN106094924A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-11-09 | 上海烯旺信息科技有限公司 | A kind of Graphene intelligent temperature control blanket |
| CN106137518A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of light and thin type heating rib |
| CN106455154A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 常州中科特炭新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation technology of low-voltage olefince-carbon flexible electrothermal film |
| CN106702307A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-24 | 东莞珂洛赫慕电子材料科技有限公司 | Plasma spraying flexible electric heating device and preparation method thereof |
| CN106739988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司 | Electrical heating vehicular windscreens glass |
| CN107396468A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-24 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Far infrared heating module and light wave physiotherapy room heating device |
| CN107580377A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-01-12 | 东莞市瑞迪三维电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method for changing electrothermal film region heating-up temperature and the micro electric backing using this method production |
| CN108135038A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-08 | 无锡格菲电子薄膜科技有限公司 | Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof |
| CN109417834A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-03-01 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | Thin film heating device |
| CN109699094A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-30 | 陈树佳 | A kind of Flexible graphene Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof |
| CN111194102A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-22 | 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 | Electric heating plate capable of generating heat uniformly, preparation method thereof and thick film heating element |
| CN111263473A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 宁波舜宇车载光学技术有限公司 | Heating device and radar housing |
| CN112804773A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 | Heating plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113347748A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Rectangular carbon-based electrothermal film with high power density and preparation method thereof |
| US12004272B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2024-06-04 | Guanping Feng | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2190388Y (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1995-02-22 | 袁峰 | Low voltage heater with a heating film |
| CN1717126A (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-04 | 伊利诺斯器械工程公司 | Flexible seat heater |
| CN2768365Y (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-03-29 | 林正平 | Electric heating diaphragm with electric distribution structure |
| CN1790557A (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2006-06-21 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Flexible ptc heating element and method of manufacturing the heating element |
| JP2008041298A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Flexible ptc heating body |
| JP2011003429A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-06 | Panasonic Corp | Planar heating element |
| JP2011014267A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Panasonic Corp | Planar heating element |
| US20140187140A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2014-07-03 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems, Ltd | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
-
2015
- 2015-04-24 CN CN201510203320.1A patent/CN104883760B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2190388Y (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1995-02-22 | 袁峰 | Low voltage heater with a heating film |
| CN1790557A (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2006-06-21 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Flexible ptc heating element and method of manufacturing the heating element |
| CN1717126A (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-04 | 伊利诺斯器械工程公司 | Flexible seat heater |
| CN2768365Y (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-03-29 | 林正平 | Electric heating diaphragm with electric distribution structure |
| JP2008041298A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Flexible ptc heating body |
| JP2011003429A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-06 | Panasonic Corp | Planar heating element |
| JP2011014267A (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-20 | Panasonic Corp | Planar heating element |
| US20140187140A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2014-07-03 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems, Ltd | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016169481A1 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2016-10-27 | 冯冠平 | Electric heating film device and preparation method therefor, and electric heating apparatus |
| US12004272B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2024-06-04 | Guanping Feng | Low-power electro-thermal film devices and methods for making the same |
| CN105434099A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-03-30 | 冯欣悦 | Hand warmer |
| CN105539368A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-05-04 | 上海烯旺信息科技有限公司 | Heating windshield system based on graphene technique |
| CN106094924A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-11-09 | 上海烯旺信息科技有限公司 | A kind of Graphene intelligent temperature control blanket |
| CN106137518A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of light and thin type heating rib |
| CN106137518B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-02-12 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Light and thin heating neck guard |
| CN109417834A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-03-01 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | Thin film heating device |
| CN106455154A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 常州中科特炭新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation technology of low-voltage olefince-carbon flexible electrothermal film |
| CN106702307A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-24 | 东莞珂洛赫慕电子材料科技有限公司 | Plasma spraying flexible electric heating device and preparation method thereof |
| CN106739988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 大连七色光太阳能科技开发有限公司 | Electrical heating vehicular windscreens glass |
| CN107396468A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-24 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Far infrared heating module and light wave physiotherapy room heating device |
| CN107396468B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2024-05-07 | 烯旺新材料科技股份有限公司 | Far infrared heating module and light wave physiotherapy room heating device |
| CN107580377A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-01-12 | 东莞市瑞迪三维电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method for changing electrothermal film region heating-up temperature and the micro electric backing using this method production |
| CN108135038A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-08 | 无锡格菲电子薄膜科技有限公司 | Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof |
| CN108135038B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2024-03-01 | 无锡格菲电子薄膜科技有限公司 | Electrothermal film and preparation method thereof |
| CN111263473A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 宁波舜宇车载光学技术有限公司 | Heating device and radar housing |
| CN109699094A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-30 | 陈树佳 | A kind of Flexible graphene Electric radiant Heating Film and preparation method thereof |
| CN111194102A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-22 | 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 | Electric heating plate capable of generating heat uniformly, preparation method thereof and thick film heating element |
| CN112804773A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-14 | 宁波柔碳电子科技有限公司 | Heating plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113347748A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-03 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Rectangular carbon-based electrothermal film with high power density and preparation method thereof |
| CN113347748B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-05-03 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Rectangular carbon-based electrothermal film with high power density and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104883760B (en) | 2017-01-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104883760A (en) | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film | |
| CN104869676A (en) | Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film and preparation process thereof | |
| KR102041029B1 (en) | Heat Transfer Device and Heat Transfer Device Manufacturing Method and Heat Transfer Device | |
| CN102162294B (en) | Heating floor tile and heating floor using the same | |
| CN102012061B (en) | Electric warmer | |
| CN105433679B (en) | Electric heating blanket | |
| CN105451380B (en) | Heating pad | |
| CN204859581U (en) | Heating pad | |
| CN204908027U (en) | Knee pad | |
| CN105433722B (en) | Clothes hanger | |
| CN105433464B (en) | Waist support | |
| CN204812948U (en) | Seat cushion | |
| CN105465874A (en) | Heating piece | |
| CN108135038B (en) | Electrothermal film and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105433634B (en) | Chair cushion | |
| CN204919129U (en) | Clothes airing rack | |
| CN105466005B (en) | Foot bathing basin | |
| CN105433493A (en) | Cap | |
| CN105433466B (en) | knee pad | |
| CN205041599U (en) | Hand warmer | |
| CN204923407U (en) | Bath -tub for washing foot | |
| CN204830125U (en) | Heating piece | |
| CN105434099A (en) | Hand warmer | |
| CN204931093U (en) | Electric blanket | |
| CN101636006B (en) | Plane heat source |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20160705 Address after: 518057 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District Guangdong streets south park of Shenzhen Research Institute of Tsinghua University, A304-2 Applicant after: SHENZHEN GRAHOPE NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES Inc. Applicant after: WUXI GRAPHENE FILM Co.,Ltd. Address before: 214174, Jiangsu city of Wuxi province tin Huishan Economic Development Zone, Changan Industrial Park standard plant in 518-5. Applicant before: Feng Guanping Applicant before: WUXI GRAPHENE FILM Co.,Ltd. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20150902 Assignee: CHANGZHOU GNM NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Shenzhen Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc. Contract record no.: 2017320000033 Denomination of invention: Low-voltage transparent electrothermal film and preparation process thereof Granted publication date: 20170118 License type: Common License Record date: 20170306 |
|
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 518057 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District Guangdong streets south park of Shenzhen Research Institute of Tsinghua University, A304-2 Patentee after: GRAHOPE NEW MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES Inc. Patentee after: WUXI GRAPHENE FILM Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518057 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District Guangdong streets south park of Shenzhen Research Institute of Tsinghua University, A304-2 Patentee before: Shenzhen Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc. Patentee before: WUXI GRAPHENE FILM Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |