CN104882636A - 一种铅酸蓄电池酸雾的抑制试剂 - Google Patents

一种铅酸蓄电池酸雾的抑制试剂 Download PDF

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CN104882636A
CN104882636A CN201410071525.4A CN201410071525A CN104882636A CN 104882636 A CN104882636 A CN 104882636A CN 201410071525 A CN201410071525 A CN 201410071525A CN 104882636 A CN104882636 A CN 104882636A
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陈琪
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Qingdao Shi Wen Fine Materials Co Ltd
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    • C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/34—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
    • C07C233/35—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/37—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton containing rings
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
    • C07C303/36—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids
    • C07C303/40—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of sulfonamide groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C311/03—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atoms of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C311/04—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atoms of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to acyclic carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抑制铅酸蓄电池生产过程中有害气体排放的方法。具体是在生产或者使用过程中，加入抑制试剂，这类抑制试剂是一些含氟的有机物。

Description

一种铅酸蓄电池酸雾的抑制试剂
技术领域
本发明涉及抑制有害气相污染物排放的方法，特别是涉及抑制铅酸蓄电池气相污染物排放的方法。
背景技术
铅酸蓄电池由于价格低廉、性能稳定、制造工艺简单，所以其产量在化学电源总产量中一直占据绝对优势，但铅酸蓄电池在生产及其使用过程中产生的有害气雾污染一直是行业难题。
铅酸蓄电池生产和使用过程中，都会释放大量的酸性气体。电流通过电池极板的时候，极板不断产生氧气和氢气，这些气体在电解液表面形成气泡，气泡变大并破碎，由于气泡破碎的动力推送，气泡表面液体形成大量的微小的气溶胶喷射到空气中。
由于电解液是由水、硫酸和铅盐组成，所以上述的气雾是严重的空气污染物。不但腐蚀性强，而且危害人群身体健康，刺激人的皮肤、眼睛、呼吸系统，造成严重身体不适，损害工人身体健康。
为了解决这种污染物排放问题，蓄电池的生产企业采用机械式的净化系统，基本原理是通过风机将空气中的污染物抽走，并进入喷淋吸收塔，使用碱性物质的水溶液吸收其中的酸性物质，产生的吸收液形成二次污染。或者使用纤维膜截留气雾液滴。发明专利201010230901.1采用外接多重装置，减少酸性雾析出，并设置吸水性树脂吸收释放的酸雾。酸雾的吸收率可以达到79%，但是该方法不能彻底解决问题，依然有超标的酸雾析出。发明专利201110035373.9使用新型的封闭式的内化成系统，但是仍然需要外接酸雾捕集装置和中和处理装置。
现有的专利都注重于解决已经释放的酸雾的抑制和处理，效果一般，而且设备改造的投资成本高，动力设备的耗能大，耗电高，不符合节能的政策要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新的抑制酸雾排放的方法，从源头上解决酸雾问题。
在电池电解液中直接加入抑制试剂，不需要外加处理装置。这种抑制试剂是采用氟代烷基的化学物质。这类物质直接加入电解液中，自行溶解并分散在电解液中，可以从根本上抑制酸雾的产生。避免使用动力设备。
根据研究表明，氟代烷基类的化学物质可以改变气泡的弹力，使得液体表面气泡的破裂均匀而缓慢，极大的降低破碎推动力，抑制酸雾的释放。这里所说的 “抑制”是指，加入抑制剂的电池电解液产生的酸雾小于没加抑制剂的电池电解液。
适合的氟代烷基类的试剂的化学结构可以用下式I表述：  
       (Rf)m(Q)nX
分子式中的Rf表示氟代烷基基团，可以是全氟代烷基基团也可以是非全氟代烷基基团。术语“烷基” 可以是直链烷基也可以是支链烷基，包括1~8个碳原子，优选1~6个碳原子。下标m是1或者2。
结构式I中的Q是链接基团，其中的n是0或者1，当n取0时，表示Q不存在。Rf和X直接相连。Q可以是亚甲基，乙烯基，烷氧基，烷基硫基，羰基。
结构式I中的X表示水溶性极性基团，用以增加抑制剂的水溶性。X可以是脂肪胺基团，例如-NR2，羧基，磺酰基，聚氧乙烯醚基团。
值得注意的是，所描述的蓄电池污染物抑制试剂，并非特定的上述的某一种化合物，也可以是上述两种或者多种化合物的混合物。
这类物质的用量很少，质量浓度在10ppm-200ppm之间。可以一次性加入，也可以多次添加。
 
具体实施方式
实验室中，使用两只同规格的起动用铅酸蓄电池（6-QA-105）。其中一只的电解液中加入60ppm质量浓度的酸雾抑制试剂，另外一只未加抑制试剂作为对比样。连接至50A的充放电测试装置（设备编号：D-S-107），将两只电池完全充电，然后再以5.25A电流充电2小时，取两片湿润的广泛ＰＨ试纸，规格为74mm长、6mm宽，分别悬挂于出气口上方2cm处。30秒过后，观察两片试纸，未加入抑制剂的蓄电池上方试纸已经布满红点，PH值从7降低到2，加入试剂的样品试纸表面无变化。继续静置2分钟后，观察加入样的试纸表面依然没有变化。
 
C4F9C(O)N(H)C3H6NCH2CH3)2的制备
   5升的四口玻璃烧瓶，分别装有机械搅拌、滴液漏斗、玻璃冷凝器和温度计
向瓶内加入600克N,N-二乙基-3-氨基丙胺，2500克异丙醚。开始搅拌，滴液漏斗中加入1200克的全氟丁酰氟。烧瓶外加冷却水，保持温度为20℃左右，向内滴加全氟丁酰氟，滴加速度缓慢均匀。两个小时左右滴加完毕，继续保温搅拌3小时。向烧瓶内加入2000毫升的去离子水，搅拌后倒入分液漏斗，分离水相。继续用2000毫升的去离子水清洗一遍。弃置水相。减压蒸馏有机相。浓缩得到目的产物。850克的全氟丁酰胺基二乙基丙胺。
 
C6F13SO2N(C2H5)C2H4O(C2H4O)n的制备
1升的四口烧瓶，加入148克N-乙基-N-（2-羟乙基）全氟己基磺酰氟，2.5克三氟甲基乙醚，搅拌升温到75℃，150克环氧乙烷，通过气体钢瓶缓慢的加入到溶液中。加入时间控制在5小时，得到粗品。减压蒸馏。得到产品。
 
C4F9C(O)N(H)C3H6NCH2CH3)2 CH3CH2CO2的制备
   1升的四口玻璃烧瓶，分别装有机械搅拌、滴液漏斗、玻璃冷凝器和温度计
向瓶内加入200克C4F9C(O)N(H)C3H6NCH2CH3)2，550克异丙醚，87克碳酸二乙酯。开始搅拌，升温到66度，出现回流，保温2.5小时。蒸馏走溶剂。 剩余的固体就是需要的产物，用异丙醚漂洗几次。约得到251克。
 
C4F9C(O)N(H)C3H6NCH2CH3)2  HCl的制备
1升的四口玻璃烧瓶，分别装有机械搅拌、滴液漏斗、玻璃冷凝器和温度计
向瓶内加入200克C4F9C(O)N(H)C3H6NCH2CH3)2，550克异丙醚，40克36%的盐酸水溶液。开始搅拌，升温到66度，出现回流。保温2.5小时。蒸馏走溶剂。 剩余的固体就是需要的产物，用异丙醚漂洗几次。约得到251克。

Claims (4)

1.一种抑制铅酸蓄电池产生的气相有害污染物的方法，其特征在于：将抑制试剂加入到电池电解液中，抑制有害污染物的排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抑制试剂，其特征在于是氟代烷基化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的氟代烷基化合物，由下式所表述：
        (R f) m (Q) n X
其中R f表示全氟代烷基基团，包含有4-6个碳原子，m是1或者2，Q是亚甲基，乙烯基，烷氧基，磺酰基，羰基，n是0或者1，X是脂肪胺基，羧基，聚氧乙烯醚基团。
4.  根据权利要求3所述，全氟代烷基基团是CzF2z+1,Z取值为4,5,6。
CN201410071525.4A 2014-03-01 2014-03-01 一种铅酸蓄电池酸雾的抑制试剂 Pending CN104882636A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112407306A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-02-26 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池用电解液及包含该电解液的铅酸蓄电池

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1080784A (zh) * 1993-03-05 1994-01-12 广州市特种蓄电池厂 一种蓄电池电解液的制造方法
US5468353A (en) * 1994-05-05 1995-11-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mist suppressant for solvent extraction metal electrowinning
CN102181003A (zh) * 2011-03-07 2011-09-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 高分子有机胺脱硫剂的制备方法
CN104277003A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-01-14 河北科技大学 用于吸收so2气体的peg基功能化咪唑类离子液体及其制备方法和应用

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1080784A (zh) * 1993-03-05 1994-01-12 广州市特种蓄电池厂 一种蓄电池电解液的制造方法
US5468353A (en) * 1994-05-05 1995-11-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mist suppressant for solvent extraction metal electrowinning
CN102181003A (zh) * 2011-03-07 2011-09-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 高分子有机胺脱硫剂的制备方法
CN104277003A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2015-01-14 河北科技大学 用于吸收so2气体的peg基功能化咪唑类离子液体及其制备方法和应用

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112407306A (zh) * 2020-11-04 2021-02-26 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池用电解液及包含该电解液的铅酸蓄电池
CN112407306B (zh) * 2020-11-04 2022-07-26 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池用电解液及包含该电解液的铅酸蓄电池

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