CN104876337B - A kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit suspends and promotes the analogy method of submerged plant growth - Google Patents
A kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit suspends and promotes the analogy method of submerged plant growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN104876337B CN104876337B CN201510228368.8A CN201510228368A CN104876337B CN 104876337 B CN104876337 B CN 104876337B CN 201510228368 A CN201510228368 A CN 201510228368A CN 104876337 B CN104876337 B CN 104876337B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
Suspended the invention provides a kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit and promote the analogy method of submerged plant growth.The present invention includes following technical essential：With Corbicula fluminea density and crucian density as design factor, 5 treatment groups, i.e. 1 tail crucian are set（5 g/m2）+ 0 Corbicula fluminea（Control）, 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas（150 g/m2）, 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+ 160 Corbicula flumineas（570 g/m2）, 4 tail crucians（20 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas（150 g/m2）, 4+160 Corbicula flumineas of tail crucian（570 g/m2）；The analogy method prepares including water environment, sampling before experiment, add the technical schemes such as Corbicula fluminea and crucian experiment, data acquisition, simulation filter feeder control deposit suspension promotion submerged plant growth.It is an advantage of the invention that：Realize to suspend filter feeder control deposit by the present invention and promote the accurate simulation of submerged plant growth, technically reliable, operation is simple, with low cost, can be effectively improved water quality, can be in ecologically repairing eutrophication water（Such as lake, pond）In used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment protection novel field, and in particular to it is heavy that one kind is promoted using filter feeder control deposit suspension
The analogy method of water plant growth.
Background technology
Clean water system is characterized in that submerged vegetation coverage is high, water body is limpid, transparency is high, bio-diversity is high, water
Matter is good, with the good value of services such as water supply and landscape tourism, is accepted extensively by society.Aquatic macrophyte
（Particularly submerged plant）It is then the key of eutrophic lake holding clean water system, its main mechanism includes：（1）Consumption
Soluble nutrient, algae is reduced in the way of competing can be using nutrition, so as to reduce algae bio amount；（2）Increase particle
Thing is settled, and suppresses sediment resuspension；（3）The place of growth and breeding is provided for zooplankter, and for it hides fish predation wound
Condition is made, and zooplankter can improve water transparency by herding food planktonic algae etc..
In order to repair nutrition-enriched water of lake, according to the multiple stable states theory of shallow lake, aquatic vegetation, optimization lake are rebuild
Pool ecosystem structure, improvement aquatic ecosystem function are one of effective measures of reparation lake eutrophication water body.In Guangdong
Huizhou West Lake, the restoration of the ecosystem measure such as submerged plant is recovered due to taking, in the past turbid water be embodied in it is so clear that you can see the bottom,
Pasture and water are luxuriant, are the clean water system based on submerged vegetation from the muddy water system successful transformation based on planktonic algae, and system
It is stable for up to 3 years as long as.Equally, the trial of this respect has been also carried out in eutrophic lakes such as Taihu Lake, Chaohu, Dian Chi, some
The local waters of large-size lake has tentatively established the clean water system based on water plant, but system is usually unstable, rebuilds
Submerged plant tend to death.
The unsuccessful reason of Ecological Restoration Project is considerably complicated, in general, mainly due to the nutrition in food chain long
Cascading can increase with trophic level and weaken and complicated food web present in trophic cascade non-linear relation so that
The effect for obtaining restoration of the ecosystem is unsatisfactory.Bottom increasing sharply for feeding habits juvenile fish quantity of dwelling seems inevitable after bio operon, this
It is the main reason of restoration of the ecosystem failure, and rich nutrition level water body bottom high is dwelt the increased speed phase of feeding habits juvenile fish quantity
To very fast.Largely newly-increased juvenile fish produces greatly negative effect to restoration of the ecosystem.Most important of which is：Bottom dwell feeding habits children
Fish can make deposit suspend, and greatly reduce water transparency, suppress submerged plant growth and expansion, so as to cause clear water state to turbid
The transformation of aquosity.
Therefore, the feeding habits juvenile fish that dwells of the bottom after restoration of the ecosystem how is controlled to break out brought negative effect especially deposit
Suspension, the growth for promoting submerged plant, are the final successful keys of eutrophication water ecological reestablishment.
The content of the invention
Suspended it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit and promote the mould of submerged plant growth
Plan method, the analogy method is obtained in eutrophic water body by accurate simulated experiment（Such as lake, pond）In used
The high suspended matter concentration that can promptly reduce caused by juvenile fish breaks out, improve water body illumination condition, promote submerged plant growth, reach
To the purpose method for repairing eutrophic water body.
The present invention is suspended using filter feeder control deposit and promotes the analogy method of submerged plant growth, technical scheme
For：
A kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit suspends and promotes the analogy method of submerged plant growth, described method bag
Deposit preparation, lake water is included to prepare, add Corbicula fluminea and carp to start to test and sample.
Further, the analogy method, particular technique method is：
(1) preparation of water environment:Experiment container used is vinyon bucket（Bucket 95 cm high, upper and lower bottom diameter difference
It is 77,97 cm）, test before starting to 10 cm thickness deposits, and the Taihu Lake lake water that 300 L of injection are filtered is added in bucket, clarify
3-5 days, filled it up with again after plantation eel grass；Deposit comes from Taihu Lake, and sieving is used after mixing；2 pieces are placed higher than hardship in each bucket simultaneously
The rigid plastic sheet of careless 15cm is gathering the aufwuch of eel grass blade；
(2) before experiment starts, water body background values and plankton sample are gathered；
(3) first it is put into Corbicula fluminea and places into crucian, experiment starts；
(4) collection of data：During experiment, observation crucian whether there is death daily, and fish is mended in time；Sampling determination aquation weekly
Index, TSS and its content of organic matter, chlorophyll, TN, TP and TDN, TDP, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, YSI indexs, plus background totally 5
It is secondary；Collection aufwuch（Plate）2 times.It is standby that experiment gathers plankton group after terminating；Determine eel grass ecological index；Collection
Zoobenthos, counts, weighs, identifying species；Calculate crucian survival rate, weigh, dissect crucian enteron aisle and seen whether eel grass fragment.
Further, the step（1）Middle lake water is filtered through 100 mesh, the deposit by 60 mesh bolting silk net filtration,
Described rigid plastic sheet specification is 8 cm × 10 cm.
Further, the eel grass plant height of described each bucket is 15-17 cm, and seedling is planted into experiment bucket, every barrel after cultivating one week
It is each at same direction to plant 14 plants, the eel grass per plant weight 2.25-2.5g.
Further, the step（3）Corbicula fluminea, the density of crucian are divided into 5 treatment groups, i.e. 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+0
Corbicula fluminea（Control）, 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas（150 g/m2）, 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+ 160 Corbicula flumineas（570
g/m2）, 4 tail crucians（20 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas（150 g/m2）With 4+160 Corbicula flumineas of tail crucian（570 g/m2）, Corbicula fluminea, crucian carp
The setting of fish density is with reference to Taihu Lake Corbicula fluminea, the natural abundance of crucian.
Further, described Corbicula fluminea, crucian and eel grass are all from Taihu Lake.
The experimental ecology method that the present invention is used according to ecological principle, it is accurately heavy to filter feeder control to realize
Product thing suspends and promotes simulation side's simulation of submerged plant growth, using bio operon principle, adds filter feeder-Corbicula fluminea, passes through
Corbicula fluminea control crucian juvenile fish breaks out caused deposit and suspends, improves water body illumination condition, promotes submerged plant growth, so that
The purpose for repairing eutrophication water is reached, the features such as the inventive method has safety, low cost.
Brief description of the drawings
The concentration of Fig. 1 water body total suspended matters.
The concentration (average value ± standard error) of Fig. 2 water body mineral suspensions.
The concentration (average value ± standard error) of Fig. 3 water body chlorophyll alphas.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the concentration (average value ± standard error) of water body TN, TP.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is water body NH4-N、PO4The concentration (average value ± standard error) of-P.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is that aufwuch and bottom are dwelt algae biomass (average value ± standard error) in different disposal.
The relative growth rate and the number of blade (average value ± standard error) of eel grass in Figure 10 and Figure 11 different disposals.
The stem tuber number (average value ± standard error) of eel grass in Figure 12 different disposals.
Specific embodiment
Outdoor controlled simulated experiment is carried out in September in 2014 21 days to October 19 at Chinese Academy of Sciences Taihu Lake station.
This analogy method designs 2 factors of influence（Corbicula fluminea density and crucian density）5 treatment groups, i.e. 1 tail crucian（5 g/
m2）+ 0 Corbicula fluminea（Control）, 1 tail crucian（5 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas（150 g/m2）, 1+160 Corbicula flumineas of tail crucian（570 g/
m2）, 4 tail crucians（20 g/m2）+ 40 Corbicula flumineas and 4+160 Corbicula flumineas of tail crucian（570 g/m2）.Corbicula fluminea, the setting of crucian density
With reference to Taihu Lake Corbicula fluminea, the natural abundance of crucian（Found when Cai Wei was investigated Taihu Lake Corbicula fluminea in November, -2007 in December, 2006
Corbicula fluminea biomass is 100-522.9g/m2；Liu Ensheng researchs find that Taihu Lake crucian catch reached 3708.7t, accounts in 2000
Fish total amount 12.18%）.From the eel grass that figure, plant height are consistent（The eel grass plant height of each bucket is 15-17 cm）Seedling is cultivated one week
After plant into experiment bucket, every barrel of each 14 plants of plantation at same direction（The average eel grass per plant weight 2.25-2.5g）.Corbicula fluminea（Shell is a length of
20-25 mm, a height of 10-20 mm of shell）, crucian（Body is about 10-12 cm）Lake Taihu is all from eel grass.
The Corbicula fluminea of embodiment 1 suppresses the analogy method that deposit suspension promotes submerged plant growth
Analogy method of the invention, including following process：
(1) preparation of water environment:Experiment container used is vinyon bucket（Bucket 95 cm high, upper and lower bottom diameter difference
It is 77,97 cm）, experiment start before to adding 10 cm thickness deposits in bucket, and inject the Tai Huhu that are filtered through 100 mesh of 300 L
Clarification of water 3-5 days, fills it up with again after plantation eel grass.Deposit comes from Lake Taihu, after the bolting silk net sieving of 60 mesh is mixed
Use.Simultaneously 2 pieces of rigid plastic sheets higher than the cm of eel grass 15 are placed in each bucket（8 cm×10 cm）, to gather the attached of eel grass blade
Biology.
(2) before experiment starts, water body background values is gathered（TN, TP and TDN, TDP, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, YSI indexs, TSS
And the hydration index such as its content of organic matter）And plankton sample.
(3) first it is put into Corbicula fluminea and places into crucian, experiment starts.
(4) collection of data：During experiment, observation crucian whether there is death daily, and fish is mended in time；Sampling determination aquation weekly
Index（TSS and its content of organic matter, chlorophyll, TN, TP and TDN, TDP, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, YSI indexs）, plus background is common
5 times；Collection aufwuch（Plate）2 times.It is standby that experiment gathers plankton group after terminating；Determine eel grass ecological index；Adopt
Collection zoobenthos, counts, weighs, identifying species；Calculate crucian survival rate, weigh, dissect crucian enteron aisle and seen whether that eel grass is broken
Piece.
Analogy method display crucian disturbs and has to water body total suspended matter concentration and mineral suspensions concentration with Corbicula fluminea filter food
Significantly affect（P<0.01）（Fig. 1 and Fig. 2）, and the two has reciprocation（P<0.05）.Only put the control group of crucian its water body
Total suspended matter concentration and mineral suspensions concentration changes with time are in notable ascendant trend, and the Corbicula fluminea group of different densities is in drop
Low tendency.At the end of experiment, 1+40, tail, 1+160, tail, the water body total suspended matter of+160 treatment groups of 4+40, tails and 4 tails
Concentration reduces 76.35%, 85.67%, 72.39%, 81.28% than control respectively；The control of mineral suspensions concentration ratio is reduced
76.61%、86.62%、76.19%、83.41%.Illustrate that crucian disturbance can dramatically increase water body recovery technology concentration, and density gets over flood
Body concentration of suspension is higher, and especially mineral suspensions concentration is higher；And Corbicula fluminea filter food can significantly reduce water body recovery technology concentration,
And the bigger concentration of suspension reduction of density is more obvious.Increase with the time, the difference between each treatment group reduces, but the filter of Corbicula fluminea
Perturbation action of the food effect more than crucian.
Analogy method statistical analysis shows that Corbicula fluminea can significantly reduce water body Chl a concentration（P<0.01）（Fig. 4 and Fig. 5）.
As illustrated, the treatment group water body Chla concentration for being put into Corbicula fluminea is gradually reduced with the time, Corbicula fluminea density is bigger, reduces speed and gets over
Hurry up, amplitude is bigger；Control group water body Chla concentration without being put into Corbicula fluminea is in then notable growth trend.Though crucian disturbance can increase
Plus substrate sludge nutritive salt release, accelerate water nutrition circulation, but water body Chl a concentration is had no significant effect.Experiment terminates
When, 1+40, tail, 1+160, tail, the Chl a concentration of+160 treatment groups of 4+40, tails and 4 tails be respectively 4.86 μ g/L,
3.84 μ g/L, 5.53 μ g/L and 4.58 μ g/L, substantially less than control group（195.12 µg/L）.
Analogy method display Corbicula fluminea can significantly reduce water body TN concentration（P<0.01）, and the treatment group of different densities Corbicula fluminea with
Do not put Corbicula fluminea control group there were significant differences（P<0.01）（Fig. 6 and Fig. 7）.At the end of experiment, 1+40, tail, 1+160, tail,
The TN concentration of 4+40, tails and the treatment group of 4 tail+160 respectively than do not put low 2.90 mg/L of the control group of Corbicula fluminea, 3.03 mg/L,
2.93 mg/L and 3.03 mg/L；And crucian has no significant effect to water body TN concentration, when Corbicula fluminea density is identical, 4 tails are put into
Though the treatment group TN concentration of crucian is slightly above the treatment group for being put into 1 tail crucian, difference is not notable.Corbicula fluminea is equal with crucian disturbance
Water body TP contents can be significantly affected（P<0.01）（Fig. 6 and Fig. 7）.Crucian disturbance can dramatically increase water body TP contents, and Corbicula fluminea filters
Food can reduce water body TP contents, and no matter crucian density size, Corbicula fluminea can significantly reduce water body TP contents, and Corbicula fluminea density is got over
Greatly, reduction effect is more obvious.Illustrate that reduction effect of the Corbicula fluminea filter food to water body TP is greater than crucian and disturbs to its increasing action.
In addition, crucian can also influence water body NH4-N、PO4- P concentration（P<0.05）（Fig. 4）.Experiment discovery, adds the place of 4 tail crucians
Reason group NH4-N、PO4- P concentration is above adding the treatment group of 1 tail crucian；Corbicula fluminea is then to water body NH4-N、PO4The influence of-P is not
Greatly.
Analogy method shows that crucian and Corbicula fluminea have a significant impact to aufwuch（P<0.01）（Fig. 8）, but the two has no
Reciprocation（P>0.05）.During 40 Corbicula flumineas of addition, 1 tail, 4 tail crucian treatment group attached biomasses compare control group（Without Corbicula fluminea）Increase
0.82 mg/cm is added2With 0.55 mg/cm2；During 160 Corbicula flumineas of addition, 1 tail, 4 tail crucian treatment group attached biomasses are than control
Group（Without Corbicula fluminea）Increased 2.64 mg/cm2With 1.29 mg/cm2.Illustrate that crucian density is smaller, attached biomass is bigger, and adds
Plus Corbicula fluminea is more beneficial for aufwuch growth.The Corbicula fluminea algae that also dwelt the bottom of to has significant facilitation（P<0.05）（Fig. 9）.Experiment
At the end of, add 160,40 and 0（Control group）Bottom dwell that there were significant differences for algae content, Corbicula fluminea density bottom higher is dwelt algae life
Thing amount is higher, illustrate Corbicula fluminea can promote bottom dwell algae grow.
Analogy method shows that Corbicula fluminea and crucian can significantly affect the growth of eel grass（P<0.01）, crucian disturbs can suppress eel grass
Growth, and Corbicula fluminea filter food can not only mitigate this inhibitory action, can also promote eel grass to grow (Figure 10 and Figure 11).On the whole,
No matter crucian density size, 160 upgrowth situations of the treatment group eel grass of Corbicula fluminea of addition will be significantly better than the treatment of addition 40
Group and the control group of 0.Illustrate in this experiment, the facilitation that Corbicula fluminea grows to eel grass is made more than the suppression of crucian disturbance
With.Specifically, when adding 40 Corbicula flumineas, 1 tail, the relative growth rate of the treatment group eel grass of 4 tail crucians are delivered and is respectively 2.84
mg·g-1·d-1With 2.28 mgg-1·d-1, than control group (1.48 mgg-1·d-1) increase 91.06 % and 53.32
%, and when adding 160 Corbicula flumineas, the relative growth rate for delivering the treatment group eel grass of 1 tail and 4 tail crucians is respectively 4.16 mgg-1·d-1With 3.56 mgg-1·d-1, 180.22 % and 139.98 % are increased than control group.Additionally, the number of blade of eel grass
Substantially influenceed with crucian disturbance by Corbicula fluminea（P<0.01）.During 40 Corbicula flumineas of addition, the treatment group of 1 tail and 4 tail crucians is delivered
The eel grass number of blade increases 35.63 % and 11.87 % than control group respectively；And when adding 160 Corbicula flumineas, increased than control group
67.50 % and 55.00 %.As can be seen here, growth of the sediment resuspension that fish disturbance causes to eel grass has certain suppression
Effect, shows under identical Corbicula fluminea density, crucian density is higher, and the relative growth rate of eel grass is lower and the number of blade is fewer；And
The filter food effect of Corbicula fluminea can significantly reduce water body suspended concentration, so as to promote eel grass to grow, show that Corbicula fluminea density is bigger, eel grass
Relative growth rate is higher and the number of blade is more.
Analogy method shows that Corbicula fluminea and crucian disturbance have a significant impact to eel grass stem tuber number（P<0.05）(Figure 12).Wherein,
Influence of the Corbicula fluminea to stem tuber number is extremely obvious, during 40 Corbicula flumineas of addition, delivers the treatment group eel grass stem tuber number of 1 tail and 4 tail crucians
Respectively 50.00 % and 27.08 % are increased than control group；And add 160 Corbicula flumineas when, than control group increase 145.83 % and
95.83 %.Crucian disturbance reduces stem tuber quantity, and during addition equal densities Corbicula fluminea, crucian density is bigger, and stem tuber number is fewer；And
Corbicula fluminea is conducive to eel grass to breed, and Corbicula fluminea density is bigger, and stem tuber number is more, and bitter when crucian density is minimum, Corbicula fluminea density is maximum
Grass block stem number is most.
Corbicula fluminea not only can produce material impact with crucian to water body recovery technology concentration and water nutrition, can also significantly affect
The growth and breeding of eel grass, and the influence of the two has greatly difference.Crucian disturbance can dramatically increase water body recovery technology concentration and battalion
Salt level is supported, so as to suppress eel grass growth；And Corbicula fluminea can significantly reduce water body by filtering the food effect organic and inorganic particulate matter of removal
Suspension and chlorophyll-a concentration, reduce water turbidity, improve illumination condition, beneficial to aufwuch and bottom dwell algae biomass increase,
Fish disturbance can not only be mitigated to the inhibitory action of eel grass, can also promote eel grass to grow.Therefore, fish can be suppressed using Corbicula fluminea
The sediment resuspension that class disturbance causes, improves water transparency, so as to be conducive to the growth and recovery of submerged vegetation.
According to this experiment and the result of preliminary experiment, the density range that Corbicula fluminea is put in a suitable place to breed is 500-700g/m2, crucian juvenile fish density
Control range is 0-50 g/m2；According to this experiment and the result of preliminary experiment, carp kidney cell specification is used when being no more than 200g/ tails
The technology.
Application in the lake eutrophication water remediation of embodiment 2
The restoration of the ecosystem demonstration project of Jiangsu Qin Hu, 70000 square metres of demonstration project area, in May, 2011 starts construction,
The middle ten days in July, there are a large amount of crucian young in Ecological Restoration Area, and water body is muddy, water transparency only 30 centimetres, submerged plant growth
Suppressed, after late July delivers Corbicula fluminea, transparency is improved to more than 100 centimetres, and submerged plant is expanded rapidly, and water body is limpid, water
Matter is good.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of utilization filter feeder control deposit suspends and promotes the analogy method of submerged plant growth, it is characterised in that institute
The analogy method stated includes sampling, addition Corbicula fluminea and crucian and data acquisition before water environment preparation, simulated experiment；
Described analogy method, specifically includes following process：
(1) preparation of water environment:Container used by simulated experiment is vinyon bucket, bucket 95 cm high, upper and lower bottom diameter
Respectively 77,97 cm；Experiment start before to added in bucket 10 cm thickness deposit, and inject 300 L filtering Taihu Lake lake water it is clear
It is clear 3-5 days, filled it up with again after plantation eel grass；Described deposit comes from Taihu Lake, and sieving is used after mixing；Simultaneously in described each bucket
2 pieces of rigid plastic sheets higher than the cm of eel grass 15 are placed to gather the aufwuch of eel grass blade；
(2) before experiment starts, water body background values and plankton sample are gathered；
(3) first it is put into Corbicula fluminea and places into crucian；
(4) collection of data：During experiment, observation crucian whether there is death daily, and fish is mended in time；Sampling determination aquation refers to weekly
Mark, TSS and its content of organic matter, chlorophyll, TN, TP and TDN, TDP, phosphate and ammonia nitrogen, YSI indexs, plus background totally 5
It is secondary；Collection aufwuch 2 times；It is standby that experiment gathers plankton group after terminating；Determine eel grass ecological index；Dwell at collection bottom
Animal, counts, weighs, identifying species；Calculate crucian survival rate, weigh, dissect crucian enteron aisle and seen whether eel grass fragment；
The eel grass plant height of described plantation is 15-17 cm, and seedling is planted into experiment bucket after cultivating one week, and every barrel each at same direction
14 plants of plantation, the eel grass per plant weight 2.25-2.5g；
The step（3）The density of Corbicula fluminea, crucian is added for 5 treatment groups, i.e. 1 tail density are 5 g/m2Crucian+control 0
Corbicula fluminea, 1 tail density are 5 g/m2+ 40 density of crucian be 150 g/m2Corbicula fluminea, 1 tail density be 5 g/m2Crucian+160
Density is 570 g/m2Corbicula fluminea, 4 tail density be 20 g/m2+ 40 density of crucian be 150 g/m2Corbicula fluminea and 4 tail crucian carps
+ 160 density of fish are 570 g/m2Corbicula fluminea；The Corbicula fluminea, crucian density setting with reference to Taihu Lake Corbicula fluminea, crucian it is naturally rich
Degree.
2. analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle lake water is filtered through 100 mesh, institute
Bolting silk net filtration of the deposit by 60 mesh is stated, described rigid plastic sheet specification is 8 cm × 10 cm.
3. analogy method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described Corbicula fluminea, crucian and eel grass are all from too
Lake.
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