CN104872005A - High-density fish culturing method - Google Patents
High-density fish culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104872005A CN104872005A CN201410158549.3A CN201410158549A CN104872005A CN 104872005 A CN104872005 A CN 104872005A CN 201410158549 A CN201410158549 A CN 201410158549A CN 104872005 A CN104872005 A CN 104872005A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-density fish culturing method. The high-density fish culturing method includes the steps of 1), throwing fish fries in a fishpond; 2), sealing the fishpond; 3), regulating water flow; 4), feeding feed; 5), draining water and sewage; 6), fishing. According to the step 2) of fishpond sealing, sealing cover seats are arranged on the inner wall of the fishpond, a sealing cover of an arched structure is arranged on the sealing cover seats, a vent valve is arranged at the top of the sealing cover, and an oxygenation pipe is arranged in the fishpond; after the vent valve is opened, water is injected into the fishpond until the water level exceeds the sealing cover seats, and then the vent valve is closed; oxygen is fed into the fishpond, and a sealed pure-oxygen space is formed between the water surface and the position below the arched sealing cover by undissolved oxygen. The high-density fish culturing method solves the problems of difficulty in further improvement on culturing density, oxygenation equipment complexity, high energy consumption, low pure oxygen utilization ratio and inconvenience in culturing and operation in existing industrial fish culturing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish-cultivating method, be specifically related to a kind of crawl and utilize the method for this crawl high-density fish culture, belong to fish culture technical field.
Background technology
Dissolved Oxygen in Water content is the major limiting factors of density of breeding fish, and in high-density fish culture, water body of breeding fish constantly flows and is exchanged for the shoal of fish and provides dissolved oxygen and take away metabolic waste.In fishpond, water body exchange rate adapts to the restriction of flow velocity by fish, and common fish culture in running water density only has 10 ~ 20kg/m
3, artificial oxygenation can increase dissolved oxygen content in water body, improves density of breeding fish.In industrial fish farming, generally use mechanical enhancement, use air as under oxygen source condition, density of breeding fish can reach 30 ~ 50kg/m
3; Use pure oxygen as under oxygen source condition, density of breeding fish can reach 130kg/m
3.Mechanical enhancement needs complicated equipment, consumes mass energy, because under water body of breeding fish is exposed to atmospheric environment, in water body, supersaturation dissolved oxygen is overflowed by water and atmosphere interface, and pure oxygen availability only has 20-60%.
Chinese patent CN200620110907 discloses a kind of Portable live fish cultivating tank, forms pure oxygen room with one block of oxygen barrier plate, gets fish by there being the fish water inlet port dress fish of putting of removable cover.This scheme uses shortcoming to be that oxygenation efficiency is low as crawl, fishing, cleaning pond operating difficulties; The water surface of two isolation is there is, water surface dirt-collecting discharge inconvenience in a fishpond.Chinese patent CN201310429314 discloses the efficient fishpond of a kind of hyperoxia, side, the fishpond water surface forms sealed gas chamber, pass into pure oxygen, be dissolved into water with air pump by the water-bed release below air chamber of oxygen in air chamber, unnecessary oxygen rises to sealed gas chamber and is reused.This scheme shortcoming needs to use machinery, consume electric energy; In water body, supersaturation dissolved oxygen is overflowed by water and atmosphere interface, and oxygen utilization rate is low.
At present, the fish culture in running water of batch production high density is existing many improvement on oxygen utilization and cultivation density, but equipment is complicated, oxygen utilization rate is low, cultivation density is difficult to further raising, and also there are problems in relevant crawl in actual application, such as need manual observation and manual operation supplemental oxygen, fishing, cleaning fishpond operating difficulties.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, solves that cultivation density in current industrial fish farming is difficult to further raising, oxygen increasing equipment is complicated, energy resource consumption is high, pure oxygen availability is low, cultivate unhandy problem.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above, and realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of crawl, comprises fishpond; Described fishpond inwall has sealing cage, and sealing cage is provided with seal cover; Described sealing cage is equal with seal cover height to the distance at top, fishpond; Described seal cover is domes, and the top of described seal cover is provided with exhaust-valve; Oxygen increasing tube is provided with in described fishpond.First, water is filled by fishpond.Then, then be placed on by seal cover on sealing cage, the air in seal cover is discharged from exhaust-valve, and water body is full of in seal cover behind space, closes exhaust-valve.Finally, pass into oxygen by oxygen increasing tube, under undissolved oxygen rises to arch seal cover.Because the water surface is on seal cover top, seal cover and sealing cage are soaked in water, form liquid and close, thus just form the pure oxygen space closed between seal cover and the water surface.
Further, described crawl, is also provided with hyperbaric oxygen tracheae and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, and described hyperbaric oxygen tracheae is provided with intake valve, and described Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae communicates with described oxygen increasing tube; Be provided with oxygen pressure maintaining valve between hyperbaric oxygen tracheae and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, the headstock gear of the described oxygen pressure maintaining valve inside inductor that is stressed controls, and described pressure inductor is communicated with seal cover by induction tube.Be communicated with Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae by oxygen increasing tube, oxygen pressure maintaining valve controls the output pressure of Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, just achieves the oxygen pressure and the flow that control to enter oxygen increasing tube.Another aspect oxygen pressure maintaining valve also arranges induction tube and communicates with seal cover, the force value that the pressure in the pure oxygen space closed between seal cover and the water surface exceedes or sets lower than pressure inductor, oxygen pressure maintaining valve automatically cuts out or opens, thus can set and keep the force value in pure oxygen space easily, and the lifting height of the fluid-tight water surface need not be seen.
Further, described crawl, described seal cover is provided with sparge pipe, and described sparge pipe is connected to water inlet pipe, and described water inlet pipe is provided with water intaking valve.Described sparge pipe has multiple hole for water spraying, and because injection water mixes with pure oxygen hard hit, oxygen dissolves in rapidly in water, and fishpond surface water dissolved oxygen reaches 37 ~ 49mg/L.
Further, described crawl, is also provided with the dirty pond of collection bottom described fishpond, and dirty pond is provided with fish screen with described collection, and collect bottom dirty pond and be communicated with end drainpipe, drainpipe of the described end is provided with bottom valve; Described bottom valve drainpipe is also provided with end overflow pipe, overflow pipe of the described end is provided with end overflow valve; The top outlet height of described end overflow pipe is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond.Clean water continues to spray into fishpond from sparge pipe, be rich in flowing downward above fishpond of oxygen, to decline gradually and the waste water containing great amount of carbon dioxide and fish faeces is constantly discharged from end overflow valve through shoal of fish respiration consumption dissolved oxygen, make the good water quality remaining suitable fish growth in fishpond.The top outlet height of end overflow pipe is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond, its role is to, in the process of fishpond sealing, oxygen is diffused into water body from oxygen increasing tube, under undissolved oxygen rises to seal cover, extruding Chi Shui flows out from end overflow pipe, and such setting is more conducive to forming pure oxygen space between seal cover and the fishpond water surface; In the process of breeding fish, clean water constantly enters fishpond, and the pressure that pure oxygen space is formed need not be discharged water from extruding between seal cover and sealing cage, fishpond waterbody is evenly exchanged from top to bottom, and keeps fishpond water surface elevation to stablize.
Further, described crawl, is also provided with blow-off pipe, and described upper blow-off pipe is inner in fishpond, and described upper blow-off pipe top is provided with sewage sump, described sewage sump is provided with arch barrier net.Described sewage sump height is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond; Be communicated with upper blowdown transverse tube and clearing valve is set bottom described upper blow-off pipe; Described upper blowdown transverse tube is also provided with overflow pipe; Described overflow pipe is provided with overflow valve; The adaptive blowdown flow velocity of tip height of described overflow pipe is to discharge floating on water pollutant.Blow-off pipe is set, and the top of upper blow-off pipe is arranged sewage sump and barrier net, the adaptive water surface elevation of height of sewage sump, then the pollutant floating on water surface directly can be drained from upper blow-off pipe by current by suitable flow velocity.Arranging opening at upper blowdown transverse tube, namely arrange clearing valve, is to clean the easy to operate of upper blow-off pipe, upper blowdown transverse tube and overflow pipe.The adaptive blowdown flow velocity of tip height of described overflow pipe is to discharge floating on water pollutant, because if just open clearing valve to remove floating on water pollutant, to cause in blow-off pipe and upper blowdown transverse tube that water body is emptying loses water body sealing function, pure oxygen under seal cover is lost to outside fishpond by upper blow-off pipe and upper blowdown transverse tube, causes waste of oxygen.
Further, described crawl, is also provided with water quality monitor, and the sensor of described water quality monitor is fixed in end overflow pipe current; The effect of described water quality monitor is oxygen and carbon dioxide content in monitoring fishpond draining.
Further, described crawl, described seal cover is provided with throwing and raises device; Described throwing is raised device and is comprised charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, and be provided with charging valve between charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, arrange throwing raise valve bottom animal feeds bucket, described throwing is raised valve and is provided with choke valve.Described choke valve two ends pipeline is downward-sloping raises valve two ends pipeline with throwing and is connected, and when throwing something and feeding, feed can not enter choke valve and cause obstruction.When concrete operations, when using first, close throwing and raise valve, open choke valve and charging valve, the character utilizing oxygen proportion to be greater than air specific weight upwards can extrude the air in animal feeds bucket.At when filling with substance, can choke valve be opened, close throwing and raise valve, air can be stoped to enter in animal feeds bucket.Described throwing is raised air when device can ensure to throw something and feed feed and is not entered pure oxygen space, throw something and feed at every turn feed time oxygen leakage amount be less than 1.3 times of feed volumes.
Further, described crawl, described seal cover is provided with suspension ring.Because described seal cover must have certain weight just can firmly be placed on sealing cage realize airtight pure oxygen space, so arrange suspension ring to place and open seal cover operation to facilitate.
Further, described crawl, described seal cover is domes, is made up of transparent material, has good structural stability and load-and pressure-bearing intensity.Facts have proved, domes are conducive to the air of discharging completely in the seal process of fishpond in seal cover, and the seal cover that transparent material is made can meet the demand of fish to illumination, are convenient to observe the situation in fishpond.
Arbitrary described crawl, can apply in culture fishery above.
A kind of high-density fish culture method, comprises following way step:
1) throw in fry: topped up with water in fishpond, put into fry;
2) fishpond sealing: arrange sealing cage at the inwall in described fishpond, sealing cage is provided with seal cover; Described seal cover is domes, and the top of described seal cover is provided with exhaust-valve; Oxygen increasing tube is provided with in described fishpond; Open exhaust-valve, topped up with water in fishpond, close exhaust-valve; Pass into oxygen, undissolved oxygen forms closed pure oxygen space under arch seal cover and between the water surface;
3) current regulate: on described seal cover, arrange sparge pipe, described sparge pipe is connected to water inlet pipe; Described water inlet pipe is provided with water intaking valve; Open end water intaking valve and overflow valve, clean water is carried sufficient oxygen and is flow in fishpond, and the waste water after the shoal of fish breathes is through collecting dirty pond, end drainpipe, end overflow pipe, the discharge of end overflow valve; Start water quality monitor monitoring and discharge oxygen and carbon dioxide content in waste water; When the useless content of oxygen dissolved in water of discharge is higher or carbon dioxide content is lower, reduce water intaking valve aperture to reduce flow of inlet water; When the useless content of oxygen dissolved in water of discharge is lower or carbon dioxide content is higher, increase water intaking valve aperture to increase flow of inlet water;
4) to throw something and feed feed: on described seal cover, be provided with throwing raise device; Described throwing is raised device and is comprised charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, and arrange charging valve between charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, arrange throwing raise valve bottom animal feeds bucket, described throwing is raised valve and arranged choke valve; Described choke valve two ends pipeline is downward-sloping and raise valve two ends pipeline with throwing and be connected; First time opens charging valve, opens throttle valve control oxygen flow before throwing and raising, and after the air in animal feeds bucket is upwards discharged by the character utilizing oxygen larger than atmospheric density, closes charging valve; Poured into by feed in charging hopper, open charging valve, feed closes charging valve after entering animal feeds bucket; When throwing is raised, close water intaking valve, open throwing completely and raise valve, feed is closed throwing after all entering fishpond and is raised valve, and the shoal of fish opens water intaking valve after ingesting and terminating;
5) draining blowdown: the dirty pond of collection is set bottom described fishpond, dirty pond is provided with fish screen with described collection, and collect bottom dirty pond and be communicated with end drainpipe, drainpipe of the described end arranges bottom valve; Drainpipe of the described end also arranges end overflow pipe, and the top outlet of overflow pipe of the described end arranges end overflow valve; The top outlet height of described end overflow pipe is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond; Described fishpond is also provided with blow-off pipe, described upper blow-off pipe is inner in fishpond, described upper blow-off pipe top is provided with sewage sump, described sewage sump is provided with arch barrier net, and the tip height of described sewage sump in inside, fishpond is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond; Described upper blow-off pipe also establishes bottom be communicated with upper blowdown transverse tube and arrange clearing valve; Described upper blowdown transverse tube also arranges overflow pipe; Described overflow pipe arranges overflow valve; In process of breeding fish, the end heavy property dirts such as overflow valve is opened completely, fish excrement enter the dirty pond of collection with pond water flow sedimentation, automatically discharge from end overflow pipe with draining current; The shoal of fish opens overflow valve after ingesting and terminating, and swims in the dirts such as the greasy dirt of the water surface, foam and enters sewage sump from the discharge of overflow pipe, after blowdown terminates, close overflow valve;
6) fish for operation: close water inlet and oxygen, remove seal cover, open clearing valve, bottom valve, fishing.
Preferably, described step 2) in oxygen increasing tube be communicated with Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae is communicated with hyperbaric oxygen tracheae; Be provided with oxygen pressure maintaining valve between described hyperbaric oxygen tracheae and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, the headstock gear of the described oxygen pressure maintaining valve inside inductor that is stressed controls, and described pressure inductor is communicated with seal cover by induction tube; The oxygen pressure in the pure oxygen space closed is controlled by setting pressure inductor.
Preferably, the sparge pipe in described step 3) arranges multiple hole for water spraying, increase the water-soluble oxygen amount in pond by injection water and gaseous state pure oxygen hard hit.
Be more preferably, water body in fishpond be set and be in 1.019 times of standard atmospheric pressure pure oxygen environments.
Preferably, the water quality monitor in described step 3) has warning output function, automatically can send alarm signal when oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the draining of fishpond departs from setting value.
Preferably, the water intaking valve in described step 3) is provided with electric adjusting device, according to water quality monitor output alarm signal self-regulating opening angle, according to throwing the signal automatic open close of raising unloading controllor.
Preferably, in described step 4), feed is buoyancy expanding pellet, buoyancy expanding pellet floats on the water surface, have good palatability, digestive utilization ratio high, low in the pollution of the environment, be convenient to observe the shoal of fish and ingest the advantages such as situation, select buoyancy expanding pellet be conducive to raising breed fish density, reduce cost of breeding fish.
Preferably, throw in described step 4) and raise device and be provided with throwing and raise unloading controllor, control water intaking valve, charging valve, throw the keying of raising valve, overflow valve, the feed and get rid of sewage floating on water of automatically throwing something and feeding.
Preferably, also comprise fish disease prevention and cure: soak medicine is added to administration in water source, oral drugs admix administration in feed.
Preferably, also comprise and remove dead fish: each throwing when raising examines shoal of fish situation, closes water inlet and oxygen, remove seal cover when finding that there is dead fish, remove with dredger fish of checkmating, repeating said steps 2) fishpond sealing.
Preferably, described seal cover is provided with the suspension ring facilitating sealing cover with tearing-strip.
Preferably, described seal cover is domes, is made up of transparent material, has good structural stability and load-and pressure-bearing intensity.
Described high-density fish culture method, industrial fish farming is applied.
By setting up seal cover on fishpond, then by oxygen increasing tube with utilize the space between water body close encapsulation lid and sealing cage to form airtight pure oxygen space, to reach the effect increasing pond water dissolved oxygen content, improve density of breeding fish, improve pure oxygen availability.On the basis of this design, by putting into practice, testing the practical problem solving step by step and run in current industrial fish farming; Add described throwing and raise device, oxygen pressure maintaining valve, to keep oxygen gas-tight space, improve oxygenation effect.The design of inventor and innovation to solve in industry unsolved problem for a long time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, be compared with the prior art, pure oxygen availability improves 1.5 times, and density of breeding fish improves more than 2.4 times, solves pure oxygen availability in current industrial fish farming low, and cultivation density is difficult to the problem improving and clear up fishpond operating difficulties.Improve pure oxygen availability in the process of breeding fish, increase density of breeding fish, improve the economic benefit of industrial fish farming.And the present invention also has and do not use mechanical enhancement, pond water exchange capacity is little, and energy resource consumption is few, advantage easy and simple to handle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structure vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is water surface blowdown schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 throws to raise apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 controls schematic diagram automatically.
Fig. 6 is oxygen pressure maintaining valve structural representation.
In accompanying drawing: 1, fishpond, 2, the sealing water surface, 3, device is raised in throwing, 4, seal cover, 5, sparge pipe, 6, injection water, 7, the fishpond water surface, 8, exhaust-valve, 9, barrier net 10, sewage sump, 11, upper blow-off pipe, 12, water inlet pipe, 13, hyperbaric oxygen tracheae, 14, oxygen pressure maintaining valve, 15, Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, 16, water quality monitor 17, end overflow valve, 18, end overflow pipe, 19, bottom valve, 20, end drainpipe, 21, upper blowdown transverse tube, 22, clearing valve, 23, overflow pipe, 24, overflow valve, 25, sealing cage, 26, bubbles of oxygen, 27, oxygen increasing tube, 28, collect dirty pond, 29, fish screen 30, water intaking valve, 31, intake valve, 32, charging hopper, 33, charging valve, 34, animal feeds bucket, 35, valve is raised in throwing, 36, choke valve, 37, suspension ring, 38, unloading controllor is raised in throwing, 39, cable, 40, pressure inductor, 41, induction tube, 42, regulating handle, 43, headstock gear.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1, a kind of crawl
As shown in figs. 1 to 6:
A kind of crawl, comprises fishpond 1; Fishpond 1 inwall has sealing cage 25, and sealing cage 25 is provided with seal cover 4; Described sealing cage 25 is highly equal with seal cover 4 to the distance at top, fishpond 1; Seal cover 4 is domes, and the top of seal cover 4 is provided with exhaust-valve 8; Oxygen increasing tube 27 is provided with in fishpond 1.
Described crawl, be also provided with hyperbaric oxygen tracheae 13 and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae 15, hyperbaric oxygen tracheae 13 be provided with intake valve 31, Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae 15 communicates with oxygen increasing tube 27; Be provided with oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 between hyperbaric oxygen tracheae 13 and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae 15, the headstock gear 43 of the oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 inside inductor 40 that is stressed controls, and described pressure inductor 40 is communicated with seal cover 4 by induction tube 41.Described crawl, described seal cover 4 is provided with water inlet pipe 12, described water inlet pipe 12 is also provided with sparge pipe 5 and water intaking valve 30.
Described crawl, is also provided with the dirty pond 28 of collection, collects on dirty pond 28 and be provided with fish screen 29, collect bottom dirty pond 28 and be communicated with end drainpipe 20, end drainpipe 20 is provided with bottom valve 19 bottom fishpond 1; End drainpipe 20 is also provided with end overflow pipe 18, and the top outlet of end overflow pipe 18 arranges end overflow valve 17; The top outlet height of end overflow pipe 18 is higher than sealing cage 25 and lower than top, fishpond 1.
Described crawl, also be provided with blow-off pipe 11, upper blow-off pipe 11 is provided with sewage sump 10 on the top of inside, fishpond 1, sewage sump 10 is provided with barrier net 9, and the tip height of described sewage sump 10 in inside, fishpond 1 is higher than sealing cage 25 and lower than top, fishpond 1; Described upper blow-off pipe 11 is communicated with upper blowdown transverse tube 21 and is provided with clearing valve 22; Described upper blowdown transverse tube 21 is also provided with overflow pipe 23; Described overflow pipe 23 is provided with overflow valve 24.
Described crawl, described seal cover 4 is provided with throwing and raises device 3; Throwing is raised device 3 and is comprised charging hopper 32 and animal feeds bucket 34, is provided with charging valve 33, arranges throwing raise valve 35 bottom animal feeds bucket 34 between charging hopper 32 and animal feeds bucket 34, throws to raise valve 35 and be provided with choke valve 36; Choke valve 36 two ends pipeline is downward-sloping and raise valve 35 two ends pipeline with throwing and be connected.
Described crawl, described seal cover 4 is provided with the suspension ring 37 facilitating sealing cover with tearing-strip 4.Described crawl, is also provided with water quality monitor 16; Water quality monitor 16 connects described water intaking valve 30 by cable 39.
Described crawl, is also provided with throwing and raises unloading controllor 38, is connected described water intaking valve 30, charging valve 33 by cable 39, is thrown and raise valve 35, overflow valve 24.
Another better seal cover 4 is inverted dish-shaped spherical crown surface structure, is made up of hard transparent material.
Concrete, the described high 1.5m in fishpond 1, internal diameter 2m, in 15 ° of tapers at the bottom of pond, collect dirty pond 28 and be positioned at central authorities at the bottom of pond, diameter 0.5m is 45 ° of tapers; A circle is had to protrude from the sealing cage 25 of pool wall apart from 0.6m place, top inside fishpond 1; Upper blow-off pipe 11 is contained in fishpond 1 central authorities, and sewage sump 10 is apart from fishpond 1 top planes 0.42m, and be communicated with upper blowdown transverse tube 21 in the middle part of the dirty pond 28 of collection, clearing valve 22 and overflow pipe 23 are equipped with in outside; Overflow pipe 23 mouth of pipe is apart from fishpond 1 top planes 0.6m, and overflow valve 24 is equipped with on top; Upper blow-off pipe 11, upper blowdown transverse tube 21, overflow pipe 23 are diameter 75mmPVC water pipe, and clearing valve 22 is diameter 75mm ball valve, and overflow valve 24 is diameter 75mm magnetic valve; End drainpipe 20 is drawn bottom the dirty pond 28 of collection, and bottom valve 19 and end overflow pipe 18 are equipped with in outside; End overflow pipe 18 mouth of pipe is apart from fishpond 1 top planes 0.22m, and end overflow valve 17 is equipped with on top; End drainpipe 20, end overflow pipe 18 are diameter 110mmPVC water pipe, and bottom valve 19, end overflow valve 17 are diameter 110mm ball valve; Barrier net 9 is contained in sewage sump 10 top, and fish screen 29 is contained in collection top, dirty pond 28, and barrier net 9 is aperture 5mm stainless (steel) wire, and fish screen is aperture 5 × 100mm resin grid; Oxygen increasing tube 27 is arranged on fishpond 1 bottom inside in the form of a ring, and oxygen increasing tube 27 is diameter 20mm nanometer micropore pipe, and oxygen forms the bubbles of oxygen 26 of diameter 0.5 ~ 2mm by nanometer micropore; Oxygen increasing tube 27 is connected to Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae 15, is connected to oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 through fishpond 1, and oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 is connected to intake valve 31 by hyperbaric oxygen tracheae 13.
Described seal cover 4 is the spherical crown surface structure of being inverted dish, is made up, external diameter 1.99m, high 0.6m of transparent resin material; Seal cover 4 overcentre is equipped with exhaust-valve 8, and exhaust-valve 8 is diameter 25mm ball valve; Above seal cover 4, also outside is equipped with oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14, is thrown and raise device 3, suspension ring 37; Oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 also arranges induction tube 41 and communicates with seal cover 4.Sparge pipe 5 is contained in the below of seal cover 4 in the form of a ring, and sparge pipe 5 is diameter 50mmPPR water pipe, sparge pipe 5 has multiple diameter 4mm hole for water spraying along the circumferential direction tilted; Sparge pipe 5 is connected to water inlet pipe 12, is connected to water intaking valve 30 through seal cover 4, and water intaking valve 30 is diameter 50mm motor-operated control valve;
Pure oxygen space oxygen pressure setting value:
P(kPa)=seal cover height (mm) × 0.00326887=600 × 0.00326887 ≈ 1.96kPa.
Described oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 output pressure is 200kPa, and voltage stabilizing adjustable range 0 ~ 16kPa, closes when induction pressure exceedes setting value 0.1kPa automatically, and induction pressure is opened automatically lower than during setting value 0.1kPa.
Described water quality monitor 16 can arrange alarming value, automatic regulating water inlet valve 30 opening angle.
Device 3 is raised in described throwing, and charging hopper 32 is conical structure under upper cylinder, volume 30L, is connected with animal feeds bucket 34 by charging valve 33; Animal feeds bucket 34 is upper and lower circular cone intermediate cylindrical structure, volume 30L, raises valve 35 and connects 4 with seal cover by throwing and be connected; Charging valve 33, throwing raise valve 35 for internal diameter 50mm magnetic valve; Choke valve 36 is internal diameter 6mm pin type flow valve, and choke valve 36 two ends pipeline is downward-sloping raises valve 35 two ends pipeline communication with throwing, prevents feed from blocking choke valve 36.
Described throwing raises unloading controllor 38 for Programmable Logic Controller, has 4 road output interfaces, timing controlled water intaking valve 30, charging valve 33, throws and raises valve 35, the keying order of overflow valve 24 and time delay interval.
Embodiment 2, a kind of high-density breeding carp method
Carp is a kind of main cultured fishes, and in industrial aquaculture, cultivation density can reach 100 ~ 130kg/m
3, a kind of high-density breeding carp method is:
(1) fry is thrown in: close bottom valve 19, clearing valve 22, end overflow valve 17, overflow valve 24, in fishpond 1, fill water, put into fry.
Fry quantity calculates:
(2) fishpond sealing: close charging valve 33, throw and raise valve 35, choke valve 36, open exhaust-valve 8, the air be placed on by seal cover 4 in sealing cage 25 top cover labyrinth 4 is discharged from exhaust-valve 8, and water body is full of in seal cover behind space, closes exhaust-valve 8; Hyperbaric oxygen tracheae 13 is connected to intake valve 31, and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae 15 is connected to oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14, regulates oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 voltage stabilizing value to be 1.96kPa; Open intake valve 31, slowly open end overflow valve 17; Due to end overflow pipe 18 mouth of pipe 0.22m lower than top, fishpond 1, Chi Shui flows out from end overflow pipe 18 under gravity, water outside seal cover 4 enters fishpond 1 by seal cover 4 and the gap of sealing cage 25, the sealing water surface 2 outside seal cover 4 and the fishpond water surface 7 slowly decline, form negative pressuren zone 4 times at seal cover, oxygen pressure maintaining valve is opened automatically, oxygen increasing tube 27 releasing oxygen microvesicle 26, part of oxygen dissolves in Chi Shuizhong, and undissolved oxygen rises to seal cover and forms pure oxygen space 4 times; When the fishpond water surface 7 drops to bottom valve overflow pipe 18 mouth of pipe height, under seal cover 4 times oxygen pressure effects, extruding Chi Shui continues to flow out from end overflow pipe 18, when seal cover 4 times oxygen pressures reach 2.06kPa, oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 cuts out automatically, at this moment the fishpond water surface 7 0.21m lower than overflow pipe 18 mouth of pipe; Under the effect of seal cover 4 times 2.06kPa oxygen pressures, the seal cover 4 external seal water surface 2 0.21m higher than the fishpond water surface 7; The contact surface of seal cover 4 and sealing cage 25 is submerged in completely in water body and forms air-tightness sealing structure for water, and seal cover 4 times oxygen and bubbles of oxygen are not overflowed by the contact surface of seal cover 4 and sealing cage 25; Injection water 6 mixes with pure oxygen hard hit, when capping 4 times oxygen constantly dissolve in that in water body, pressure drops to 1.86kPa gradually, oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 is opened automatically, oxygen increasing tube 27 releasing oxygen microvesicle 26, a small amount of pure oxygen directly dissolves in water body, most pure oxygen rises to seal cover when making pressure increase arrive 2.06kPa 4 times, oxygen pressure maintaining valve 14 cuts out automatically, automatic maintenance seal cover 4 times pure oxygen pressure are at 1.86 ~ 2.06kPa, the fishpond water surface 7, lower than end overflow pipe 18 mouth of pipe 0.19 ~ 0.21m, seals the water surface 2 0.19 ~ 0.21m higher than the fishpond water surface.
(3) current regulate: water inlet pipe 12 is connected to water intaking valve 30; Open water intaking valve 30, injection water 6 tilts to spray to the fishpond water surface 7, forms counterclockwise circulation and whirlpool; Injection water 6 mixes with pure oxygen hard hit, and oxygen dissolves in rapidly in water, and fishpond surface water dissolved oxygen is for reaching 37 ~ 49mg/L; Chi Shui flows from top to bottom, the waste water after the shoal of fish breathes through collecting dirty pond 28, end drainpipe 20, end overflow pipe 18, end overflow valve 17 discharge; Arrange that water quality monitor 16 dissolved oxygen alarming value is 10mg/L, carbonic acid gas alarming value is 40mg/L, the requirement that carp normal growth is grown can be met, and provide sufficient dissolved oxygen for follow-up water treatment, can also prevent dissolved oxygen effusion in atmospheric environment from causing waste; When oxygen dissolving value more than 11mg/L or carbon dioxide values lower than 38mg/L time, automatic reduction water intaking valve aperture is to reduce flow of inlet water, when oxygen dissolving value lower than 9mg/L or carbon dioxide values more than 42mg/L time, automatically increase water intaking valve aperture to increase flow of inlet water, corresponding flow of inlet water is 4-7.3m
3/ h.
(4) to throw something and feed feed: use buoyancy expanding pellet, it is fish body weight 1.5 ~ 4% that day throws the rate of raising, and point throws something and feeds for 3 times; Feed relative is calculated as follows, and adjustment in every 7 days once; When shoal of fish ingest time was more than 20 minutes, corresponding minimizing feed relative;
First time opens charging valve 33 before throwing and raising, and it is 10L/min that unlatching choke valve 36 controls oxygen flow, and the air in animal feeds bucket 34 is upwards discharged by the character utilizing oxygen larger than atmospheric density, closes charging valve 33 after 5 minutes; Every day 8 point, 12 points, quantitatively feed is loaded in charging hopper 32 before 17, throw and raise controller 38 automatic inlet valve 30, throw raise device 3, overflow valve 24 completes throw something and feed feed and water surface blowdown process; It is as follows that unloading controllor 38 performing a programme is raised in throwing, and chronomere is second:
0000: water intaking valve 30 is closed, avoid current to disturb the shoal of fish to ingest;
0005: charging valve 33 is opened, and feed enters animal feeds bucket 34;
0015: charging valve 33 cuts out, and prevents oxygen from escaping;
0020: throwing is raised valve 35 and opened, feed of throwing something and feeding;
0030: throwing is raised valve 35 and closed, prepare to throw something and feed next time;
1530: water intaking valve 30 is opened, end of ingesting, water inlet oxygenation;
2800: overflow valve 24 is opened, swim in the oil film of the fishpond water surface 7, foam concentrates on fishpond central authorities under swirling action, enter sewage sump 10 by barrier net 9, discharge through upper blow-off pipe 11, upper blowdown transverse tube 21, overflow pipe 23, overflow valve 24;
3100: overflow valve 24 is closed, sewage floating on water discharge terminates, and Chi Shui recovers to flow from the top down;
Start-up time: 8:00,12:00,17:00;
Water intaking valve 30 raises unloading controllor 38 by throwing and water quality monitor 16 controls, and throwing is raised unloading controllor 38 and had high priority, and in feed process of throwing something and feeding, water intaking valve 30 does not control by water quality monitor 16.
Feed process air of throwing something and feeding can not enter pure oxygen space, and each throwing is raised process oxygen loss and is no more than feed volume 1.3 times, and pure oxygen availability is greater than 93%.
(5) draining blowdown: automatic-discharging sewage floating on water in described feed process of throwing something and feeding; Breed fish in process, open end overflow valve 16 completely, the dirts such as fish excrement to be focused in dirty pond 28 through fish screen 29 sedimentation with current and are discharged by end drainpipe 20, end overflow valve 16, end overflow pipe 18.
(6) fish disease prevention and cure: soak medicine is added to administration in water source, oral drugs admix administration in feed.
(7) remove dead fish: each throwing when raising examines shoal of fish situation, closes water intaking valve 30 and intake valve 31, remove seal cover 4 when finding that there is dead fish, remove with dredger fish of checkmating, repeat fishpond seal operation.
(8) operation is fished for: under water temperature 24-26 DEG C of condition, reach 0.75kg/ tail harvesting specification through 56 days cultivation carps; After stopping eating 3 days, close water intaking valve 30 and intake valve 31, remove seal cover 4, open clearing valve 22, bottom valve 19, fish with dredger; Catch commodity carp 1205kg, cultivation density reaches 317kg/m
3.
Embodiment 3, a kind of high-density breeding light lip fish method
Light lip fish is a kind of streams property small fishes, to dissolved oxygen and water quality requirement high, existing flowing water culture and cage culture two kinds of modes, cultivation density 5 ~ 7.17kg/m
3.A kind of high-density breeding light lip fish method is:
(1) fry is thrown in: with embodiment 2.
Fry quantity calculates:
(2) fishpond sealing: with embodiment 2.
(3) current regulate: water inlet pipe 12 is connected to water intaking valve 30; Open water intaking valve 30, injection water 6 tilts to spray to the fishpond water surface 7, forms counterclockwise circulation and whirlpool; Injection water 6 mixes with pure oxygen hard hit, and oxygen dissolves in rapidly in water, and fishpond surface water dissolved oxygen is for reaching 37 ~ 49mg/L; Chi Shui flows from top to bottom, the waste water after the shoal of fish breathes through collecting dirty pond 28, end drainpipe 20, end overflow pipe 18, end overflow valve 17 discharge; Arrange that water quality monitor 16 dissolved oxygen alarming value is 10mg/L, carbonic acid gas alarming value is 35mg/L, the requirement that light lip fish normal growth is grown can be met, and provide sufficient dissolved oxygen for follow-up water treatment, can also prevent dissolved oxygen effusion in atmospheric environment from causing waste; When oxygen dissolving value more than 11mg/L or carbon dioxide values lower than 33mg/L time, automatic reduction water intaking valve aperture is to reduce flow of inlet water, when oxygen dissolving value lower than 9mg/L or carbon dioxide values more than 47mg/L time, automatically increase water intaking valve aperture to increase flow of inlet water, corresponding flow of inlet water is 0.8-2.8m
3/ h.
(4) to throw something and feed feed: use buoyancy expanding pellet, it is fish body weight 1.2 ~ 3.2% that day throws the rate of raising, and point throws something and feeds for 4 times; Feed relative is calculated as follows, and adjustment in every 15 days once; When shoal of fish ingest time was more than 30 minutes, corresponding minimizing feed relative;
First time opens charging valve 33 before throwing and raising, and it is 10L/min that unlatching choke valve 36 controls oxygen flow, and the air in animal feeds bucket 34 is upwards discharged by the character utilizing oxygen larger than atmospheric density, closes charging valve 33 after 5 minutes; Every day 6 point, 10 points, 14 points, quantitatively feed is loaded in charging hopper 32 before 18, throw and raise controller 38 automatic inlet valve 30, throw raise device 3, overflow valve 24 completes throw something and feed feed and water surface blowdown process; It is as follows that unloading controllor 38 performing a programme is raised in throwing, and chronomere is second:
0000: water intaking valve 30 is closed, avoid current to disturb the shoal of fish to ingest;
0005: charging valve 33 is opened, and feed enters animal feeds bucket 34;
0015: charging valve 33 cuts out, and prevents oxygen from escaping;
0020: throwing is raised valve 35 and opened, feed of throwing something and feeding;
0030: throwing is raised valve 35 and closed, prepare to throw something and feed next time;
1830: water intaking valve 30 is opened, end of ingesting, water inlet oxygenation;
2000: overflow valve 24 is opened, swim in the oil film of the fishpond water surface 7, foam concentrates on fishpond central authorities under swirling action, enter sewage sump 10 by barrier net 9, discharge through upper blow-off pipe 11, upper blowdown transverse tube 21, overflow pipe 23, overflow valve 24;
2300: overflow valve 24 is closed, sewage floating on water discharge terminates, and Chi Shui recovers to flow from the top down;
Start-up time: 6:00,10:00,14:00,18:00;
Water intaking valve 30 raises unloading controllor 38 by throwing and water quality monitor 16 controls, and throwing is raised unloading controllor 38 and had high priority, and in feed process of throwing something and feeding, water intaking valve 30 does not control by water quality monitor 16.
Feed process air of throwing something and feeding can not enter pure oxygen space, and each throwing is raised process oxygen loss and is no more than feed volume 1.3 times, and pure oxygen availability is greater than 90%.
(5) draining blowdown: with embodiment 2.
(6) fish disease prevention and cure: with embodiment 2.
(7) dead fish is removed: with embodiment 2.
(8) operation is fished for: under water temperature 22-24 DEG C of condition, reach 0.05kg/ tail harvesting specification through 190 days cultivation light lip fishes; After stopping eating 3 days, close water intaking valve 30 and intake valve 31, remove seal cover 4, open clearing valve 22, bottom valve 19, fish with dredger; Catch commodity light lip fish 187.5kg, cultivation density reaches 49.3kg/m
3, be 6.88 ~ 9.86 times of existing breeding way.
Claims (10)
1. a high-density fish culture method, comprises following way step:
1) fry is thrown in: in fishpond, put into fry;
2) fishpond sealing: arrange sealing cage at the inwall in described fishpond, sealing cage is provided with seal cover; Described seal cover is domes, and the top of described seal cover is provided with exhaust-valve; Oxygen increasing tube is provided with in described fishpond; Open exhaust-valve, topped up with water in fishpond, seal cover is placed on sealing cage, closes exhaust-valve; Pass into oxygen, undissolved oxygen forms closed pure oxygen space under arch seal cover and between the water surface;
3) current regulate: oxygen continued dissolution is entered to breed fish water body, keep water body in fishpond to exchange;
4) to throw something and feed feed: regularly, quantitatively drop into fish meal;
5) draining blowdown: the pollutant in time in discharge fishpond, keeps water quality in fishpond to meet fish psychological need;
6) fish for operation: close water inlet and oxygen, remove seal cover, open clearing valve, bottom valve, fishing.
2. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in oxygen increasing tube be communicated with Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae is communicated with hyperbaric oxygen tracheae; Be provided with oxygen pressure maintaining valve between described hyperbaric oxygen tracheae and Low Pressure Oxygen tracheae, the headstock gear of the described oxygen pressure maintaining valve inside inductor that is stressed controls, and described pressure inductor is communicated with seal cover by pipeline; The oxygen pressure in the pure oxygen space closed is controlled by setting pressure inductor.
3. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) current regulate: on described seal cover, arrange sparge pipe, described sparge pipe is connected to water inlet pipe; Described water inlet pipe is provided with water intaking valve; Open end overflow valve and water intaking valve, clean water is carried sufficient oxygen and is flow in fishpond, and the waste water after the shoal of fish breathes is through collecting dirty pond, end drainpipe, end overflow pipe, the discharge of end overflow valve; Oxygen and carbon dioxide content in waste water is discharged with water quality monitor monitoring; When the useless content of oxygen dissolved in water of discharge is higher or carbon dioxide content is lower, reduce water intaking valve aperture to reduce flow of inlet water; When the useless content of oxygen dissolved in water of discharge is lower or carbon dioxide content is higher, increase water intaking valve aperture to increase flow of inlet water.
4. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) is thrown something and fed feed: on described seal cover, be provided with throwing raise device; Described throwing is raised device and is comprised charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, and arrange charging valve between charging hopper and animal feeds bucket, arrange throwing raise valve bottom animal feeds bucket, described throwing is raised valve and arranged choke valve; Described choke valve two ends pipeline is downward-sloping and raise valve two ends pipeline with throwing and be connected; First time opens charging valve, opens throttle valve control oxygen flow before throwing and raising, and after the air in animal feeds bucket is upwards discharged by the character utilizing oxygen larger than atmospheric density, closes charging valve; Poured into by feed in charging hopper, open charging valve, feed closes charging valve after entering animal feeds bucket fast; When throwing is raised, close water intaking valve, open throwing completely and raise valve, feed is closed throwing after all entering fishpond and is raised valve, and the shoal of fish opens water intaking valve after ingesting and terminating.
5. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 5) draining blowdown: the dirty pond of collection is set bottom described fishpond, dirty pond is provided with fish screen with described collection, collects bottom dirty pond and is communicated with end drainpipe, and drainpipe of the described end arranges bottom valve; Drainpipe of the described end also arranges end overflow pipe, and the top outlet of overflow pipe of the described end arranges end overflow valve; The top outlet height of described end overflow pipe is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond; Described fishpond is also provided with blow-off pipe, and described upper blow-off pipe is provided with sewage sump on the top of inside, fishpond, described sewage sump is provided with arch barrier net, and the tip height of described sewage sump in inside, fishpond is higher than sealing cage and lower than top, fishpond; Described upper blow-off pipe also establishes bottom be communicated with upper blowdown transverse tube and arrange clearing valve; Described upper blowdown transverse tube also arranges overflow pipe; Described overflow pipe arranges overflow valve; The heavy property dirts such as end overflow valve is opened completely, fish excrement enter the dirty pond of collection with pond water flow sedimentation, automatically discharge from end overflow pipe with draining current; The shoal of fish opens overflow valve after ingesting and terminating, and swims in the dirts such as the greasy dirt of the water surface, foam and enters sewage sump from the discharge of overflow pipe, after blowdown terminates, close overflow valve.
6. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: arrange water body in fishpond and be in 1.019 times of standard atmospheric pressure pure oxygen environments.
7. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise fish disease prevention and cure and remove dead fish; Described fish disease prevention and cure: soak medicine is from water source administration, and oral drugs admix administration in feed; The dead fish of described removing: each throwing when raising examines shoal of fish situation, closes water inlet and oxygen, remove seal cover when finding that there is dead fish, removes with dredger fish of checkmating, repeating said steps 2) fishpond sealing.
8. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: on described seal cover, be provided with the suspension ring facilitating sealing cover with tearing-strip.
9. high-density fish culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described seal cover is inverted dish-shaped spherical crown surface structure, is made up of hard transparent material.
10. the high-density fish culture method as described in as arbitrary in claim 1 ~ 9, aquaculture is applied.
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| CN113287563A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-08-24 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Oxygenation device, aquatic product bag, charging cabinet, server and related methods |
| CN112997952A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-22 | 王泽宇 | High-density aquaculture device and high-density aquaculture mode |
| CN113475449A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-10-08 | 广州蓝灵水产科技有限公司 | Intelligent and efficient aquaculture sewage disposal device and working method thereof |
| CN113711970A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-11-30 | 智循环(南京)水产科技有限责任公司 | Industrial culture system and method for penaeus vannamei boone with intermittent and continuous feed feeding |
| CN114081001A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-25 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method and detachable device suitable for brook fish culture |
| CN114081001B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-04-09 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | Method and detachable device suitable for breeding brook fish |
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