CN104864216A - 可加热的流体管道 - Google Patents

可加热的流体管道 Download PDF

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CN104864216A
CN104864216A CN201510042021.4A CN201510042021A CN104864216A CN 104864216 A CN104864216 A CN 104864216A CN 201510042021 A CN201510042021 A CN 201510042021A CN 104864216 A CN104864216 A CN 104864216A
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embolism
fluid line
nozzle
boss
heating stick
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艾尔文·伯曼
卡斯滕·艾卡特
斯蒂芬·曼恩
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Norma Germany GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2896—Liquid catalyst carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F16L25/00—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means
    • F16L25/01—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means specially adapted for realising electrical conduction between the two pipe ends of the joint or between parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种可加热的流体管道(1)，其具有管子(2)、连接器(3)和加热棒(12)。该连接器具有布置在管子(2)的端部处的壳体。该加热棒布置在管子(2)的内部，并且通过具有纵向轴线(19)的入口通道(6)进入壳体，以及通过布置在喷嘴(10)中的开口(11)从壳体中伸出，其中，在喷嘴(10)中布置有环绕加热棒(12)并且通过栓塞(21)而保持在喷嘴(10)中的密封件(20)。希望能够通过简单的方式实现可靠的安装。为此设置成，栓塞(21)具有至少两个部件(22、23)，它们通过具有铰接轴线(32)的铰接部而彼此连接。

Description

可加热的流体管道
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可加热的流体管道，其具有管子、连接器和加热棒，该连接器具有布置在管子的端部处的壳体，该加热棒布置在管子的内部，并且通过具有纵向轴线的入口通道进入壳体中，以及通过布置在喷嘴中的出口通道从壳体中伸出，其中，在喷嘴中布置有环绕加热棒并且通过栓塞而保持在喷嘴中的密封件。
背景技术
这种类型的可加热的流体管道例如已在专利文献DE102011102151A1中公开。
随后借助于一种流体管道对该发明进行了描述，该流体管道用于在机动车中将尿素或者碳酰胺从储箱引导至消耗点。尿素可以在柴油机中使用，以便降低氮氧化物。
在低于零下11℃的低的外部温度下存在这样一种危险，即尿素冻结在流体管道中，并且尿素由此不能再通过管道而输送。对于其它的液体，冻结点可以是其它的值。当液体冻住时，无论如何都不能再通过流体管道来输送液体。
因此，在上述专利文献DE102011102151A1中有以下建议，即使用加热棒来加热流体管道和连接器。该加热棒布置在管子的内部，使得总的加热能量能够转移给管子内部的流体，并且由此使能量损失相对较低。只是必须为加热棒提供电能。基于该目的，需要将加热棒从连接器中导出。
为了阻止流体从管道向外流出，必须对加热棒通过其而从连接器中导出的开口进行密封。对此，可以设置基本上简单地构造成O型环的密封件。为了当管子的内部有更高的压力时将该密封件保持在位置上，可以设置栓塞。该栓塞可以压入到喷嘴中。为了达到更好的保持力，可以将该栓塞与喷嘴锁定。只是对此需要相对较大的压入力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过简单的方式实现可靠的安装。
此目的可以在上述类型的可加热的流体管道中通过以下方式实现，即设置具有两个部件的栓塞，所述部件通过具有铰接轴线的铰接部而彼此连接。
通过这种形式的栓塞可以简化安装过程。栓塞的两个部件在铰接部的外部彼此相隔一定的距离，并且能够相应地相向移动。由此，外周可以稍微地缩小，使得栓塞能够以更加简单的方式装入喷嘴中。
在此优选的是，铰接部通过搭桥构成，该搭桥与栓塞的部件一体式地构成。这样可以简化制作过程。栓塞可以整体地一体式地构成，例如通过浇铸的方式。搭桥具有延伸部，其大大地低于栓塞的高度。例如，该搭桥在高度的方向上具有延伸部，其最大等于栓塞的高度的三分之一，或者甚至只有栓塞的高度的四分之一。这种类型的搭桥可以使得栓塞的部件能够彼此相对倾斜。
优选的是，该栓塞与加热棒焊接。如果将栓塞装入喷嘴中，那么它可以与加热棒焊接，优选地通过声波焊接。通过焊接可以阻止栓塞的部件再次彼此相对移动，使得栓塞在焊接后能以不会丢失的方式保持在喷嘴中。
优选的是，该喷嘴具有两个相对的焊接区域，并且铰接轴线与位于焊接区域之间的连接线平行。焊接区域是喷嘴的外侧的区域，在声波焊接时在该区域上可以放置探针。为此，两个焊接区域规定了焊接方向，即焊接能量沿其传入栓塞中的方向。如果铰接轴线与这个方向平行，那么在焊接时不会发生围绕铰接轴线的振动。总的焊接能量只会通过栓塞的材料。加热棒本身不涉及“焊接钢条”，从而使得加热棒中的加热丝实际上排除了受损的危险。
优选的是，这些焊接区域布置在纵向轴线的两侧。这样可以提供足够的空间，以便例如在声波焊接时放置探针。
优选的是，该栓塞具有中心凸台，并且该铰接轴线分布在中心凸台之间。该中心凸台用于使栓塞以预先规定的对齐方式装入喷嘴中。通过该中心凸台，可以使铰接轴线恰好是对于焊接连接来说所希望的方向。
优选的是，该栓塞具有贯通通道，加热棒被引导着通过该贯通通道，其中在该贯通通道中布置有径向向内指向的凸台。虽然加热棒已经被引导着通过了该贯通通道，但是当将栓塞装入喷嘴时，栓塞的部件仍然可以稍微地彼此相对移动。当一起挤压时，凸台会稍微地弯曲和/或压入加热棒中。然而，在该凸台上也可以进行栓塞与加热棒的焊接。
在此优选的是，该凸台在周向上具有在其径向内侧比在其径向外侧更小的延伸部。换言之，该凸台径向向内逐渐变尖。由此，在该凸台与加热棒的外侧之间形成相对较小的接触面。由于焊接能量集中在这些小的凸台上，因此可以使用相对低的焊接能量来实现栓塞与加热棒的焊接。
在此优选的是，在至少一个部件中设置至少两个在周向上以至少120°的间距布置的凸台。在栓塞的至少一个部件中，但更优选的是在两个部件中，凸台实际上在径向上相对地布置。这样，凸台在焊接方向上依次排列，从而可以使用相对低的焊接能量获得出色的焊接结果。
优选地，在上述两个部件之间设置有至少部分地布置在喷嘴中的自由空间。该自由空间具有两个作用。为了使安装更加方便，当在喷嘴中安装栓塞时，该自由空间使得栓塞的部件能够彼此相对移动。当栓塞装入喷嘴中时，以及当开始焊接时，该自由空间设置成可形成其中能够容纳熔化的材料的袋子或者容纳空间。
附图说明
下面借助优选的实施例并结合附图来描述本发明。在图中：
图1显示了带有连接器的流体管道的实施例，
图2是沿图1中的线II-II的剖视图，
图3是带有栓塞和加热棒的喷嘴的俯视图，以及
图4是栓塞的示意透视图。
具体实施例
图1显示了可加热的流体管道1，其具有管子2和连接器3。连接器3具有连接接头4，管子2可被推到该连接接头上。连接接头4具有圣诞树式的几何形状。管子2可以利用没有详细显示的工具固定在连接接头4上。例如，管子可以利用浇铸材料铸接在连接接头4的区域中，从而使管子不能再径向转动。此外，还可以在管子2与连接接头4之间设置密封环5。
管子2可以由塑料制成。它可以是柔性的。它还可以以软管的方式构造。
在本实施例中，连接器3具有直线式分布的入口通道6，该入口通道被引导着贯穿连接接头4并且直至连接几何件7，借助于该连接几何件，连接器3可以固定在储箱、泵或者其他的连接器的喷嘴上。在本实施例中，连接几何体7的确切的构型并不重要。但是，它应当构造成能够实现机械上稳定的且对流体密封的连接。
在入口通道6中布置有具有引导面9的斜坡元件8。连接器3具有形成有开口11的喷嘴10。
在管子2中布置有加热棒12形状的加热工具。该加热棒12由塑料件13形成，在该塑料件中布置有两个加热导体14、15(参照图3)。加热棒12是可弯曲的。在加热棒12的内部以机械保护的方式存放有加热导体14、15。
在加热棒12与管子2之间形成有内部空间16，其中有液体可以流过。在连接接头4和加热棒12之间也形成有内部空间17。
如果将加热棒12推入连接接头4中，那么其顶部18会到达引导面9上并且从斜坡元件8的引导面9处转向，更确切地说是在喷嘴10中转向开口11。如果继续推动加热棒12，那么它会通过开口11从喷嘴10中伸出。喷嘴10与入口通道6的纵向轴线19成角度α。该角度优选地处于20°至80°的范围内。
在该开口11中，在喷嘴10的内壁与加热棒12之间布置有环形密封件20。环形密封件20径向向外地与喷嘴10的内壁密封接触，并且径向向内地与加热棒12密封接触。当加热棒从开口11中伸出以及向开口11中放入加热棒时，环形密封件20被放置在加热棒12上。在此情况下，环形密封件20径向向内和径向向外地略微压缩。
在流体管道1的内部可以出现例如6bar的提高的压力。在这种压力下，存在环形密封件20从开口11中压出的危险。为了阻止该危险发生，可以在喷嘴10中装入栓塞21，该栓塞将可以构造成O型环的环形密封件20固定在连接器3中。该栓塞21在图3中以俯视的角度以及在图4中以放大透视的方式示出。
当然，还可以采用带有90°偏转的贯通通道的连接器代替带有直线式分布的贯通通道的连接器。
该栓塞21具有两个部件22、23，这两个部件通过构造成搭桥24的铰接部彼此连接(参照图3和图4)。通常，这两个部件22、23通过自由空间25而彼此分开。即，这两个部件22、23可以在自由空间25的区域内彼此相对倾斜。相应地，铰接部具有铰接轴线32，该铰接轴线在本实施例中位于一个将自由空间25大致中分的平面上。
在自由空间25的两侧布置有锁定凸台26、27，栓塞21可通过锁定凸台锁定式地固定在喷嘴21中。自由空间25可以整体或部分地贯穿锁定凸台26、27。此外，栓塞21具有中心凸台28、29，其能够进入到构造在喷嘴10内的缝隙30、31中。图3以虚线的方式显示了位于中心凸台28、29之间的铰接轴线32。
栓塞21具有贯通通道23，加热棒12被引导着穿过该贯通通道。在该贯通通道中布置有多个径向向内指向的凸台34a至34f。这些凸台34a至34f径向向内地逐渐变尖，即它们在周向上具有在其径向内侧小于在其径向外侧的延伸部。两个部件22、23中的每一个部件具有两个凸台34a、34c，34d、34f，它们在周向上分别以至少120°的间距布置。换言之，这些凸台34a、34c，34d、34f彼此径向相对。
喷嘴10在其外侧具有焊接区域35、36，它们在本实施例中具有用于声波焊接器的探针的平整的接触面。但是取决于探针的形状，焊接区域35、36还可以具有其他的形状。
从图3中可以看出，铰接轴线32与位于焊接区域35、36之间的连接线平行。焊接区域35、36布置在纵向轴线19的两侧，参照图1而言即垂直于图幅平面，并且参照图2而言则位于视图的上部和下部(但在图2中由于剖视而没有示出)。因此，铰接轴线32与焊接方向平行。在此情况下，在声波焊接时总的焊接能量只穿过栓塞21的材料。不会发生围绕铰接轴线32的振动。栓塞21通过凸台34a至34f与加热棒12充分地焊接。由于凸台34a至34f径向向内逐渐地锋利或者变尖，因此焊接能量集中在这些尖顶处。此外，这些尖顶具有以下有益效果，即它们可以简化栓塞的安装。当一起按压两个部件22、23时，凸台34a至34f的尖顶能够稍微地弯曲或者稍微地压入加热棒12中。
加热棒12不会涉及“焊接钢条”，从而使加热棒13中的加热丝14、15不再有受损的危险。
铰接轴线32与“焊接钢条”平行地对齐附带有以下有益效果，即自由空间25可以形成能够容纳熔化的材料的袋子或者容纳空间。

Claims (10)

1.可加热的流体管道(1)，其具有管子(2)、连接器(3)和加热棒(12)，所述连接器具有布置在所述管子(2)的端部处的壳体，所述加热棒布置在所述管子(2)的内部，并且通过具有纵向轴线(19)的入口通道(6)进入所述壳体中，以及通过布置在喷嘴(10)的开口(11)从所述壳体中伸出，其中，在所述喷嘴(10)中布置有密封件(20)，所述密封件环绕所述加热棒(12)，并且通过栓塞(21)而保持在所述喷嘴(10)中，其特征在于，所述栓塞(21)具有至少两个部件(22、23)，所述部件通过具有铰接轴线(32)的铰接部而彼此连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述铰接部通过搭桥(24)构成，所述搭桥与所述栓塞(21)的部件(22、23)一体式地连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述栓塞(21)与所述加热棒(12)焊接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述喷嘴(21)具有两个相对的焊接区域(35、36)，并且所述铰接轴线(32)与位于所述焊接区域(35、36)之间的连接线平行。
5.根据权利要求4所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述焊接区域(35、36)布置在所述纵向轴线(19)的两侧。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述栓塞(21)具有中心凸台(28、29)，并且所述铰接轴线(32)位于所述中心凸台(28、29)之间。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述栓塞(21)具有贯通通道(33)，所述加热棒(12)被引导着通过所述贯通通道，其中在所述贯通通道(33)中布置有径向向内指向的凸台(34a至34f)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的流体管道，其特征在于，所述凸台(34a至34f)在周向上具有在其径向内侧比在其径向外侧更小的延伸部。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的流体管道，其特征在于，在至少一个所述部件(22、23)中设置有至少两个所述凸台(34a、34c，34d、34f)，所述凸台在周向上以至少120°的间隔布置。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的流体管道，其特征在于，在所述部件(22、23)之间设置有自由空间(25)，所述自由空间至少部分地布置在所述喷嘴(10)中。
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