CN104856653B - Apparatus and method for detecting blood vessel - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for detecting blood vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104856653B CN104856653B CN201510325800.5A CN201510325800A CN104856653B CN 104856653 B CN104856653 B CN 104856653B CN 201510325800 A CN201510325800 A CN 201510325800A CN 104856653 B CN104856653 B CN 104856653B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
- A61B5/004—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apparatus and method for detecting blood vessel, described device includes visible light source, fiber coupler, lighting fiber, imaging receiver passage, infrared light spectroscope, far infrared lens zoom system, far infrared deterctor, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, visible light image sensor and image processing system.When the present invention is in different conditions according to hot body cell, tissue or organ, the heat radiation produced during its metabolic activity also different feature and vascular flow heat-transfer character, infrared thermal imaging technique is blended with visual light imaging technology, while high-quality, high-contrast blood-vessel image is obtained, can also the related blood stream parameter such as assistant analysis vascular flow speed, hemoperfusion degree, and the temperature profile according to tissue under different pathological, carry out the early prediction and health evaluating of disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Photobiology technical field of imaging, more particularly to a kind of apparatus and method for detecting blood vessel.
Background technology
In human body, blood vessel is the pipeline for conveying blood, and artery, vein and capilary can be divided into according to transporting direction.Artery
From heart by blood band to bodily tissue, vein will take back heart between blood self-organizing, capilary then connects artery and vein, is
The main place of mass exchange between blood and tissue, and it is widely distributed respectively organized and iuntercellular to whole body, therefore capilary
Referred to as microcirculation.
Under normal circumstances, the CBF of capilary is adapted with the metaboilic level of tissue, organ, it is ensured that each organizer
The blood perfusion amount of official simultaneously adjusts returned blood volume, makes one internal each organ physiological function and is able to normally run.Capilary is easy to
Generation obstacle.With advancing age, each organ of human body can gradually aging, its function also degenerates therewith naturally, and this is to make
Into the internal cause of capilary obstacle.In pathological conditions, due to the effect of various paathogenic factors, microvascular function can be aggravated again
Generation obstacle.Capilary obstacle can change blood physicochemical property, and the blood vessel and blood flow being mainly manifested on microvascular are in work(
Can and form in terms of change, make luminal stenosis, velocity of blood flow or slow down or form thrombus, make local organization hypoxic-ischemic even
Necrosis, and then cause a series of clinical symptoms.Medical science is proved：The aging of human body, the generation of tumour, hypertension, diabetes and
Many cardio-cerebrovascular diseases are mainly caused by capilary obstacle.Capilary obstacle is many pathologic processes and disease
Coexpress.Therefore, capilary normally whether, be human body whether health important symbol.
The observation detection content of capilary generally includes three aspects：Form, dynamic and phenomenon around capilary.Capilary
Observation detection position focus primarily upon the positions such as body surface and mucous membrane, domestic more common first folds in a garment, bulbar conjunctiva, tongue, lip.Capilary
Observation detection uses traditional normal incident light spectrum imaging method, and the method can obtain ideal capilary image, but
It is the situation that cannot directly display capilary perienchyma.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of apparatus and method for blood vessel detection.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
Device for detecting blood vessel, including it is visible light source, fiber coupler, lighting fiber, imaging receiver passage, red
Outer smooth spectroscope, far infrared lens zoom system, far infrared deterctor, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, visible images are passed
Sensor and image processing system；
The visible light source, for sending the visible ray that can be absorbed by red blood cell；
The fiber coupler, is arranged on the direction of advance of the visible ray, is sent for receiving the visible light source
Visible ray；
The lighting fiber, is connected with the fiber coupler, for transmitting the visible ray, and will be seen that light-output
After project human tissue surface；
The imaging receiver passage, the visible ray and tissue radiation of tissue surface are returned for collecting from organization internal scattering
Far infrared；
The infrared light spectroscope, is arranged on the top of imaging receiver passage, for separating far infrared and visible ray；
The visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, the focusing distance for adjusting visible ray；
The visible light image sensor, for converting optical signals to electric signal, after amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion,
The digital visible images of output；
The far infrared lens zoom system, focusing distance and the visible light microscopic for adjusting the far infrared
The focal length of head zoom system, pancreatic system keeps synchronous；
The far infrared deterctor, for incident far-infrared heat radiation signal to be converted into electric signal, amplified place
After reason and analog-to-digital conversion, the digital Far-infrared thermography of output；
Described image processing system, for the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration to be merged, outputting high quality
Blood-vessel image.
Preferably, the fiber coupler includes fixed cover, condenser and optical branching device, and the visible light source is fixed on
In fixed cover, it is seen that install condenser and optical branching device in the direction of advance of light successively, one end of optical branching device is solid with fixed cover
Fixed connection, the other end of optical branching device is connected with lighting fiber, the lighting fiber in the periphery of imaging receiver passage, it is described into
As receiving channel includes circular tube shaped passage and collimation lens, collimation lens is arranged at the bottom of circular tube shaped passage, the infrared light
Spectroscope is arranged on the top of circular tube shaped passage in 45° angle, and the circular tube shaped passage side relative with infrared light spectroscope is provided with
Optical port, posts optical filter at light-transmitting opening.
Preferably, the circular tube shaped channel interior scribbles anti-reflection coating.
Preferably, it is seen that radiant is light emitting diode, the wavelength of its incident ray for 410-430nm, 525-550nm or
780-800nm；The transmission wavelength of optical filter is identical with the wavelength of incident ray.
Preferably, described device is used for the detection of capilary.
The present invention still further provides a kind of method for detecting blood vessel, comprise the following steps：
The visible ray that S1, visible light source send projects tissue table through lighting fiber by the way of the incidence of side
Face；
S2, imaging receiver passage collect the visible ray and tissue radiation of the carrying vessel information returned through tissue transmission
The far infrared for going out, after infrared light spectroscope light splitting, it is seen that light is transported to visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, far infrared conveying
To far infrared lens zoom system；
The visible ray of the carrying vessel information that S3, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system will be collected projects visible ray after focusing on
Imageing sensor, obtains blood vessel visible images；
The zoom focal length parameter of S4, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system described in far infrared lens zoom system synchronization, by institute
The far infrared stated projects far infrared deterctor after focusing on, acquisition detects the infrared chart in tissue regions；
S5, image processing system carry out registering fusion to the visible images and the infrared chart, obtain vessel graph
Picture.
Preferably, also include step S6 using temperature information to the ginseng of blood vessel on blood-vessel image for detecting the method for blood vessel
Number is analyzed, and the hemoperfusion degree height and blood stream of tissue are reflected by the height of tissues surrounding vascular temperature
Speed.
Step S6 is also analyzed using temperature information to the temperature profile of tissue：Can using erythrocyte pair
While seeing the principle of absorption of light to blood vessel imaging, also it is distributed and builds using far infrared deterctor test human body temperature field in tissue
Three-dimensional temperature field Mathematical Modeling, obtains human body temperature feature.
Preferably, methods described is used for the detection of capilary.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is used to detect the apparatus and method of blood vessel, has the advantages that：
(1) it is high for detecting the picture contrast that the apparatus and method of blood vessel are obtained using the present invention.It is visible in the present invention
Light uses side incidence, detection zone is rendered as the imaging technique of dark field, and more hi-vision is obtained with smaller energy
The blood vessel imaging of quality, more high-contrast；Heat radiation and blood circulation are produced to group when simultaneously using histocyte metabolism
The characteristic of the exclusive thermal cycle of heat transfer is knitted, heat distribution detection is carried out to imaging of tissue region by far infrared thermal detector, obtained
The thermal map that must be organized, then merges two image registrations, and blood vessel is compensated with temperature profile, further improves image
Contrast.
(2) when being in different conditions according to hot body cell, tissue or organ, its metabolic activity and produced hot spoke
Different feature, and vessel heat transfer characteristic are penetrated, can also the related blood stream such as assistant analysis vascular flow speed, hemoperfusion degree
Parameter, and the temperature profile according to tissue under different pathological, carry out the early prediction and health evaluating of disease.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention for detecting the block diagram of one embodiment of the device of blood vessel；
Fig. 2 is for detecting the structural representation of the device of blood vessel in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the present invention for detecting the schematic flow sheet of one embodiment of the method for blood vessel.
Reference is：
Visible light source 1, fiber coupler 2, fixed cover 21, condenser 22, optical branching device 23, lighting fiber 3, imaging connect
Receive passage 4, circular tube shaped passage 41, collimation lens 42, light-transmitting opening 43, infrared light spectroscope 5, far infrared lens zoom system
61st, far infrared deterctor 62, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71, visible light image sensor 72, image processing system 8, human body
Tissue surface 9.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described.Fiber coupler, infrared light spectroscope, far infrared lens zoom system, the far infrared spy used in the present invention
It is all commercially available prod to survey the elements such as device, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, visible light image sensor and image processing system.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, the device for detecting blood vessel described in the present embodiment, including visible light source 1, fiber coupling
Device 2, lighting fiber 3, imaging receiver passage 4, infrared light spectroscope 5, far infrared lens zoom system 61, far infrared deterctor
62nd, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71, visible light image sensor 72 and image processing system 8；The visible light source 1 is used for
Send the visible ray that can be absorbed by red blood cell；The fiber coupler 2 is arranged on the direction of advance of the visible ray, for receiving
The visible ray that the visible light source 1 sends；The lighting fiber 3 is connected with the fiber coupler 2, described for transmitting
Visible ray, and it will be seen that project human tissue surface 9 after light-output；The imaging receiver passage 4 is used to collect from tissue
Portion's scattering returns to the visible ray of tissue surface and the far infrared of tissue radiation；The infrared light spectroscope 5 is arranged on imaging and connects
The top of passage 4 is received, for separating far infrared and visible ray；The visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71, it is visible for adjusting
The focusing distance of light；The visible light image sensor 72, for converting optical signals to electric signal, amplified treatment and modulus
After conversion, the digital visible image signal of output；The far infrared lens zoom system 61, for adjusting the far infrared
Focusing distance, make it synchronous with the focal length holding of the visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71；The far infrared deterctor 62, uses
In incident far-infrared heat radiation signal is converted into electric signal, after amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output numeral is remote red
Outer thermal map；Described image processing system 8, for by the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration fusion, by identical ratio
Example size show, the blood-vessel image of outputting high quality.Visible images and Far-infrared thermography after registration fusion can be by identical
Proportional sizes are shown in the same window, can with by same ratio size show with different windows in.
The visible light source 1 can provide the visible ray of certain wavelength and energy, for the illumination light of visual light imaging
Source.Specifically, it is seen that radiant 1 be light emitting diode, preferably the wavelength of incident ray be 410-430nm, 525-550nm or
The light emitting diode of 780-800nm, hemoglobin has absorptivity higher to the wavelength in the range of these three.The present invention is used for
Detecting the device of blood vessel can realize detecting blood vessel using absolute wavelength by selecting the wavelength of visible light source, image
Contrast it is high.
Optical signal is divided into multichannel and is propagated by the fiber coupler 2, enables the light energy maximum limit of the visible ray
It is coupled in the lighting fiber 3 degree.The lighting fiber 3 is that one group of optical fiber passes light beam, is connected with the fiber coupler 2
Connect, for transmitting the visible ray, and will be seen that light is conducted directly to the position for needing to observe or detect.Optical fiber has volume
The advantages of small, easy to operate and cold light source, it is highly suitable for the transmission of visible ray.Preferably, lighting fiber 3 is a diameter of
0.5-6mm, its length regards operation and requires and determine that preferred length is 150-3000mm.Material type includes used by lighting fiber 3
But it is not limited to：Multicomponent glass optical fiber, silica fibre or polymer optical fiber.
The periphery of imaging receiver passage 4 sets lighting fiber 3, and the visible ray that lighting fiber 3 casts out can not directly enter
Enter imaging receiver passage 4, imaging receiver passage 4 is only capable of collecting the luminous ray and group for returning to tissue surface from organization internal scattering
Knit the far infrared of heat radiation.The imaging receiver passage 4 includes circular tube shaped passage 41 and collimation lens 42, and collimation lens 42 sets
Be placed at the light entrance of the bottom of circular tube shaped passage 41, for the visible ray gone out from tissue internal transmission that will be collected into and
The far infrared collimation that tissue gives off.Circular tube shaped passage 41 leaves printing opacity in the side that infrared light spectroscope 5 is faced
Mouth 43, the visible ray after reflection enters visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71 after passing through imaging receiver passage 4 through light-transmitting opening 43.Printing opacity
Mouth 43 posts a multilayer filter, for filtering spuious ambient noise, improves picture contrast.
The infrared light spectroscope 5 is arranged on the top of imaging receiver passage 4, for it will be seen that light and far infrared point
From far infrared is passed through from its inside, it is seen that light reflects from its surface.The incident angle of infrared light spectroscope 5 is 45 °.In tool
In body installation process, infrared light spectroscope 5 is placed on the top of imaging receiver passage 4 in 45° angle, it is ensured that visible ray and far infrared
Infrared light spectroscope 5 is incided with 45° angle.
The visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71 is used to adjust the focusing distance of the visible ray, makes imaging clearly；It can be seen that
Light camera lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71 is made up of visible light lens group and visible light lens drive circuit.Visible light lens group is by multiple saturating
Mirror, iris ring and focusing ring composition, realize the difference in functionalitys such as focusing, amplification, brightness increase and decrease.Visible light lens group drive circuit
It is in communication with each other with image processing system and far infrared lens group drive circuit, it is ensured that visible light lens group and far infrared lens group
Zoom focal length parameter is identical, pel array is in the same direction.The visible light image sensor 72 is used to convert optical signals to electric signal,
After amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output digital image signal.
The far infrared lens zoom system 61 is used to adjust the focusing distance of the far infrared, with visible ray focal length
Keep synchronous；Far infrared lens zoom system 61 includes lens group and lens driving circuit two parts.The lens group is preferred
Transmission-type structure lens group, it has larger numerical aperture and non-stop layer is stopped, and is reducing noise equivalent temperature difference, is increasing optically focused
While ability, the temperature resolution of system is improved；The preferred germanium infrared aspheric lens of eyeglass used, in the inspection to weak signal
Survey, reach the ability of stronger suppression veiling glare, and heat endurance is good, the not defocus within the scope of temperature wide.
The far infrared deterctor 62 is used to for the incident far-infrared heat radiation signal to be converted to electric signal, through putting
After big treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output digital image signal.Specifically, the preferred uncooled ir of the far infrared deterctor 62 is burnt
Planar detector.Non-refrigerating infrared focal plane technology belongs to pyroelectric detector class thermal imaging, and non-refrigerating infrared focal plane is visited
Surveying device can be divided into one chip and hybrid-type by structure.One chip thermal detector is hanging with arm support is thermally isolated on reading circuit
The sensitive unit's array of the infrared acquisition of (i.e. micro-bridge structure)；And hybrid-type uncooled fpa detector is then to make focal plane respectively
Sensitive unit's array and cmos signal reading circuit are finally flat by infrared Jiao that the two is fitted together using indium post face-down bonding technique
Face array.Compared with BCD hybrid technology, one-piece construction can eliminate the effects such as pseudo-edge, haloing and stroboscopic, and its array is adjacent to pixel
Between completely isolated almost eliminate cross-talk, image streaking and blooming.Therefore, the non-refrigeration focal surface detection of one chip
Device has potential performance advantage than hybrid-type focus planardetector.The non-refrigerated infrared focal plane probe presses Working mould
Formula can be divided into micro-metering bolometer, thermoelectric type and the type of thermoelectric pile 3 again.Wherein, micro-metering bolometer is by reading circuit, micro-
Bridge construction array, vanadium oxide thin film material, encapsulation composition, the effect of wherein vanadium oxide film is that infra-red radiation is transformed into telecommunications
Number；Micro-bridge structure vacantly gets up vanadium oxide film thereon, and its minimum thermal capacity and thermal conductivity ensure that detection unit has enough
Heat sensitivity high；Reading circuit reads the signal of each detection unit, and the electric signal for becoming spatial distribution is clock signal, so as to
In staring thermal imaging is realized, while as the support substrate of micro-bridge structure.
Described image processing system 8 is used to receive the Far-infrared thermography and described visible of the output of the far infrared deterctor 62
The visible images of the output of optical image sensor 72, and by the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration fusion, press
Identical proportional sizes show, the blood-vessel image of outputting high quality.Additionally, described image processing system can also be analyzed simultaneously
Related blood vessel parameter and the temperature profile of tissue.
The present invention is as follows for detecting the basic functional principle of the device of blood vessel：Visible light source 1 is launched can be blood red
The visible ray that cell absorbs；Fiber coupler 2 collects the visible ray that visible light source 1 sends, and it will be seen that is optically coupled to illumination
Optical fiber 3；Lighting fiber 3 will be seen that light projection to human tissue surface 9.Visible ray some can be transmitted into tissue
Portion, continues to scatter and absorbed strongly by tissue erythrocyte inside tissue；Imaging receiver passage 4 is gathered and collimated simultaneously
Far infrared and the visible ray containing vessel information from tissue internal transmission out that tissue radiation goes out；Infrared light spectroscope
5 reflect visible rays, transmission far infrared to realize the separation of visible ray and far infrared；Far infrared lens zoom system 61 will
Far infrared amplify focus on after project far infrared deterctor 62 and carry out opto-electronic conversion and obtain tissue infrared chart information；Visible ray
Lens zoom system 71 obtains blood vessel it will be seen that projecting visible light image sensor 72 after light amplification focusing and carrying out opto-electronic conversion
Image information；Image processing system receives tissue infrared chart information and visible images from far infrared deterctor 62
The blood-vessel image information of sensor 72, to the fusion of two images registration, analysis.Blood vessel can be obtained by the image after registration fusion
Width, length, rete vasculosum distribution and the information such as density, further analysis can also obtain VPV, hemoperfusion degree and
The information such as temperature difference.
The obvious temperature line of a rule dark background can be formed in Far-infrared thermography, these temperature lines are to original blood vessel
Image is compensated.Described image processing system 8 is sharp after by the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration fusion
The parameter of blood vessel on blood-vessel image and the temperature profile of tissue are analyzed with temperature information, are comprised the following steps：
(1) analysis of blood perfusion rate and velocity of blood flow.Visual light imaging device can calculate blood stream in the prior art
Speed and perfusion degree, but accurate calculating data are obtained, it is relatively difficult.Pass through infrared imaging method assistant analysis blood in the present invention
Flow velocity and perfusion degree, infrared data are combined with visible data and obtain accurate velocity of blood flow and perfusion degree.Using blood
Red blood cell to the principle of absorption of visible ray to blood vessel imaging after, blood perfusion rate intuitively cannot simultaneously manifest in the picture.This hair
The bright hemoperfusion degree height and velocity of blood flow for aiding in reflecting tissue by detecting the height of tissues surrounding vascular temperature
Speed.Because tissues surrounding vascular temperature mainly receives the ginseng such as blood perfusion rate, the oxygen content of blood and Hemorheology of blood vessel
Several influences.
Influence of the blood perfusion rate to tissues surrounding vascular temperature is mainly reflected in the degrees of expansion of blood vessel tissue Nei, when
When blood perfusion rate increases, corresponding arteries increases slightly, and the Marjoram Extract that cannot manifest when making Low perfusion rate causes tissue
Interior blood vessel number, size relative changes, because circumvascular tissue and blood can occur heat exchange, so that group around blood vessel
Change of temperature field is knitted, so the height of detection tissues surrounding vascular temperature just reflects the hemoperfusion degree height of tissue
Problem.In measuring and calculating is embodied, tissues surrounding vascular temperature is proportional with hemoperfusion degree, tissues surrounding vascular temperature
Height, then hemoperfusion degree is height, and tissues surrounding vascular temperature is relatively low, then hemoperfusion degree is low herein.Apparatus of the present invention pass through
The sample data of tissue temperature change in test process, the flow velocity of normative reference and the relational data model of temperature are collected, is used
After normalization average value method is analyzed and processed to sample data, velocity of blood flow data are drawn.
(2) analysis of the temperature profile of tissue.There are two heat sources in tissue temperature field, and one is from blood vessel
Sanguimotor heat exchange effect, a heat produced when being histocyte metabolism.Hot body cell, tissue or organ are in
During different conditions, its metabolic activity and produced heat radiation are different.As certain tissue is in chronic disease, blood supply
During not enough or local necrosis state, its metabolism calorific intensity is just relatively low；And be metabolized calorific intensity it is higher when, show as more pain, hyperplasia,
Inflammation, tumour etc..By taking cancer card as an example, in patient's early stage (First Year, occupy-place is below millimeter), the metabolism thermal yield of cancer cell
Up to 70mw/cm3, with the temperature difference of its surrounding normal cell up to more than 2 degrees Celsius, and cancer cell is in vivo distributed in three dimensions,
Therefore the early prediction of disease is realized, it is necessary to utilizing erythrocyte to the principle of absorption of visible ray to the same of blood vessel imaging
When, also it is distributed and builds three-dimensional temperature field Mathematical Modeling using far infrared deterctor test human body temperature field in tissue, obtain human body
Temperature profile.
Tissue, the heat transfer equation of blood used in the present invention are as shown in following equation：
div(λtgradTt)+ρbcbWb(Tb-Tt)+Qmet=0 (1)
In formula (1), formula (2), ρtIt is tissue density, ρbIt is the density of blood, QmetIt is biological metabolic heat；TtIt is group
Knit temperature, TbIt is blood heat, cbIt is tissue specific heat capacity at constant pressure, λtIt is tissue thermal conductivity factor, λbIt is blood thermal conductivity factor.This hair
Bright utilization bioheat technology, receives the heat radiation produced by metabolism of human cell, and by distinctive imaging and " by table
And in " chromatographic technique, determine the exception distribution of thermal source in vivo, depth, intensity, form and tendency, thus comprehensively, truly, it is dynamic
Holistic health of the state ground reflection as expressed by body metabolism heat, is splendid, the green supplement detection of current clinical medicine
Means.
The structure in the temperature field of the search coverage based on the above, is gathered and analyzed by software come guide image, it becomes possible to
The thermal signal of suspicious lesions and surrounding skin, can be used for carrying out the early prediction and health of disease after identification application thermal stimulus
Assessment, such as：
1) early warning of cancer.When capilary detection is such as carried out to tongue, lip tissue, when test is warm to blood supply deficiency
Degree region again relatively higher, special mark will be subject on the capilary image carries out early warning.Verify whether afterwards be
Tongue cancer, lip cancer.
2) devitalized tissue is found.General devitalized tissue is relatively more muddy except matt appearance, loses the elasticity of normal structure
Outward, also because without normal blood supply, temperature is relatively low, figure line processing system 8 will be to the suspicious lesion tissue area that detects
Domain carries out early warning on the blood-vessel image.
Apparatus and method using the present invention for detecting blood vessel, can improve the contrast of blood-vessel image, the blood vessel of acquisition
The contrast of image is high.The raising of contrast mainly has following factor：
(1) change illumination visible ray incidence and improve contrast.Common vessel detector is just entered using polarised light
The mode penetrated, analyzer all cannot effectively filter the ambient noise that tissue surface is fired back, and cause picture contrast inclined
It is low.The present invention makes detection zone be rendered as the imaging technique of dark field, and imaging receiver by the way of the incidence of visible ray side
Optical noise beyond passage anti-reflection coating is avoided from tissue surface well penetrates into, the light source whole that scotopia place obtains
The light for being scattered after being absorbed strongly by erythrocyte from organization internal and being transmitted, it is to avoid the pollution of optical noise, certain journey
The contrast of blood-vessel image is improve on degree.
(2) contrast of the blood-vessel image is improved using temperature information.Because vessel inner blood temperature is higher than blood vessel week
The temperature of tissue is enclosed, the tissue near blood vessel there can be temperature higher, and a rule dark background can be formed in Far-infrared thermography
Obvious temperature line, these temperature lines compensate to original blood-vessel image.By changing illumination visible ray incidence side
Formula and temperature, twice to the lifting of picture contrast, allow for blood-vessel image and have reached image higher to the compensating action of blood vessel
Contrast.
Embodiment 2
In order to be better understood from the present invention, further Jie is to structure of the invention with reference to a specific embodiment
Continue.The content not described in detail in the present embodiment, it is same as Example 1.
As shown in Fig. 2 the present invention is used to detect the device of blood vessel, including visible light source 1, fiber coupler 2, illumination light
Fine 3, imaging receiver passage 4, infrared light spectroscope 5, far infrared lens zoom system 61, far infrared deterctor 62, visible ray
Lens zoom system 71, visible light image sensor 72 and image processing system 8；The fiber coupler 2 include fixed cover 21,
Condenser 22 and optical branching device 23, the visible light source 1 are fixed in fixed cover 21, it is seen that pacified successively in the direction of advance of light
Dress condenser 22 and optical branching device 23, one end of optical branching device 23 are fixedly connected with fixed cover 21, the other end of optical branching device 23
It is connected with lighting fiber 3, the imaging receiver passage 4 includes circular tube shaped passage 41 and collimation lens 42, collimation lens 42 is set
Anti-reflection coating is scribbled inside the bottom of circular tube shaped passage 41, circular tube shaped passage 41, the lighting fiber 3 is logical in imaging receiver
The periphery in road 4, the infrared light spectroscope 5 is arranged on the top of circular tube shaped passage 41 in 45° angle, circular tube shaped passage 41 with it is infrared
The relative side of light spectroscope 5 is provided with light-transmitting opening 43, and optical filter 44 is posted at light-transmitting opening 43.
The fiber coupler 2, is arranged on the direction of advance of the visible ray, is sent out for receiving the visible light source 1
The visible ray for going out, enables the light energy of the visible ray to be coupled to greatest extent in the lighting fiber 3.The fixed cover 21
For fixing the visible light source 1 and the condenser 22, while cover on outside the visible light source 1, preferably to receive
Collection visible ray, improves visible light utilization efficiency.The condenser 22 is arranged on the direction of advance of the visible ray, for it will be seen that light
Collimate and converge, make visible ray more efficiently be coupled into optical branching device 23.Optical branching device 23 uses fused tapered technique system
Make, in a kind of achievable mode, the final molding of optical branching device 23 is the special waveguiding structure of bicone form, by controlling light
Angle and the length of stretching that fibre is reversed, make per all obtaining identical light splitting ratio all the way.
The wavelength of the incident ray that the visible light source 1 in the present embodiment is provided is 550nm, but is not limited to 550nm.
Lighting fiber 3 in the present embodiment is not limited to 1mm using the silica fibre with higher light transmittance, a diameter of 1mm.
The periphery of the imaging receiver passage 4 sets lighting fiber 3.Imaging receiver passage 4 is only capable of collecting from organization internal
Scattering returns to the luminous ray of tissue surface and carrys out the far infrared of self-organizing heat radiation.Circular tube shaped passage 41 ensures imaging receiver
Light inside and outside passage 4 is completely isolated, it is to avoid the pollution of optical noise.Preferably, antireflection painting is scribbled inside circular tube shaped passage 41
Layer, prevents the secondary reflection again of the light after reflection from lens or scattering, improves picture contrast.Also wrapped inside the imaging receiver passage 4
A collimation lens 42 is included, collimation lens 42 is arranged at the light entrance of the bottom of imaging receiver passage 4, for that will be collected into
The visible ray gone out from tissue internal transmission and tissue give off far infrared collimation.
The infrared light spectroscope 5 belongs to double-tone spectroscope, is prepared from using the thick germanium crystal materials of 1mm, and surface is double
Antireflection film layer and optical filtering film layer are plated after mirror polish so that the far infrared of 8-14 mu m wavebands has maximum transmission；
The luminous ray of 420nm-680nm has high reflectivity.In specific installation process, infrared light spectroscope 5 connects in imaging
Receive the top of passage 4 to be placed in 45° angle, it is ensured that visible ray incides spectroscope with far infrared with 45° angle, and far infrared is from it
Portion passes through, it is seen that light reflects from its surface.Imaging receiver passage 4 leaves light-transmitting opening in the side that infrared light spectroscope 5 is faced
43, one layer of 550nm optical filter is posted at light-transmitting opening 43, for filtering spuious ambient noise, improve picture contrast.
The far infrared lens zoom system 61 is used to adjust the focusing distance of the far infrared, with visible ray focal length
Keep synchronous；Far infrared lens zoom system 61 includes lens group and lens driving circuit two parts.Described in the present embodiment
Lens group uses transmission-type structure, and eyeglass uses germanium infrared aspheric lens.The far infrared deterctor 62, for will be incident
The far-infrared heat radiation signal is converted to electric signal, after amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output digital image signal.Far
The spectral response wave-length coverage of Infrared Detectors 62 is 8-14um, and pixel is divided to 320*240 and two kinds of 160*120, it is preferred to use
320*240 pixels.
The visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71, the focusing distance for adjusting the visible ray, makes imaging clearly；It can be seen that
Light camera lens zoom system, pancreatic system 71 is made up of visible light lens group and visible light lens drive circuit.The visible light image sensor
72, for converting optical signals to electric signal, after amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output digital image signal；Specific implementation
When, it is seen that optical image sensor 72 is charge coupled cell imageing sensor, and it uses planar array type structure, is arranged by many photosensitive areas
A square formation is arranged into, and a device is connected into certain form, acquisition contains much information, the image of complexity can be processed.
Described image processing system 8 is used to receive the Far-infrared thermography and described visible of the output of the far infrared deterctor 62
The visible images of the output of optical image sensor 72, and by the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration fusion, press
Identical proportional sizes are shown in the same window, the blood-vessel image of outputting high quality.Additionally, described image processing system 8 is also
The blood vessel parameter of correlation and the temperature profile of tissue can be analyzed.Therefore, the device of present invention detection blood vessel can be used
In the early prediction and health evaluating that carry out disease.
In the present embodiment, during using for detecting that the device of blood vessel carries out capilary graphical analysis, its specific work process
For：
Visible light source 1 launches the visible ray that can be preferably absorbed by erythrocyte；Fixed cover 21 covers on visible light source 1
Outside, built-in condensing lens 22 visible ray is collimated after pinching to optical branching device 23；Lighting fiber 3 is connected with optical branching device 23
Connect, and the visible ray is projected the periphery of tissue detection zone, the visible ray part can be transmitted into human body
Continue refraction, scattering, diffraction after organization internal, and absorbed strongly by erythrocyte；Imaging receiver passage 4 is collected in detection zone
The visible ray transmitted after being absorbed strongly by erythrocyte, while also collecting human body tissue detection region to the remote of external radiation
Infrared ray；The visible ray and far infrared being collected into can first pass through and infrared light spectroscope 5 is projected after collimation lens 42 is collimated, remote red
Outside line becomes defocused from the internal transmission of infrared light spectroscope 5 through far infrared lens zoom system 61, projects far infrared deterctor
62, it is converted into digital infrared chart signal；Visible ray reflects from the surface of infrared light spectroscope 5, through visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system
71 become defocused, project visible light image sensor 72, and opto-electronic conversion is into digital visible image signal；Image processing system 8
Described digital infrared chart signal and the digital visible image signal is received, two images registration is merged, using obtaining
Temperature image is compensated, the capilary image of outputting high quality and further analyze the health status of human body.
Embodiment 3
Present invention also offers a kind of method for detecting blood vessel.Referring to Fig. 3, using the use in above-described embodiment 1 or 2
Tissue capilary is detected in the device of detection blood vessel, is comprised the following steps：
The visible ray that S1, visible light source send projects tissue table through lighting fiber by the way of the incidence of side
Face；
S2, imaging receiver passage collect visible ray and the tissue inspection of the carrying capilary information returned through tissue transmission
Survey the far infrared that gives off of area, through infrared light spectroscope light splitting after, it is seen that light is transported to visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, remote red
Outside line is transported to far infrared lens zoom system；
The visible ray of the carrying capilary information that S3, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system will be collected projects visible after focusing on
Optical image sensor, obtains capilary visible images；
The zoom focal length parameter of S4, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system described in far infrared lens zoom system synchronization, by institute
The far infrared stated projects far infrared deterctor after focusing on, acquisition detects the infrared chart in tissue regions；
S5, image processing system carry out registering fusion to the visible images and the infrared chart, obtain capilary
Image.
Preferably, also include step S6 using temperature information to capilary on capilary image for detecting the method for blood vessel
Parameter be analyzed, reflected by the height of capilary surrounding tissue temperature tissue hemoperfusion degree height and blood
Flow velocity；
Preferably, step S6 is also analyzed using temperature information to the temperature profile of tissue：Using blood red
While cell is imaged to the principle of absorption of visible ray to capilary, also human body temperature field in tissue is tested using far infrared deterctor
Three-dimensional temperature field Mathematical Modeling is distributed and built, human body temperature feature is obtained.
Preferably, the method for detecting blood vessel is used for the detection of capilary.
The present invention utilizes the above-described device for detecting blood vessel for detecting the method for blood vessel, it is seen that light uses side
Side incidence, makes detection zone be rendered as the imaging technique of dark field, and the micro- of more high image quality is obtained with smaller energy
Blood vessel imaging；The heat for producing heat radiation and blood circulation exclusive to tissue heat transfer when simultaneously using histocyte metabolism is followed
The characteristic of ring, heat distribution detection is carried out to imaging of tissue region by far infrared thermal detector, obtains the thermal map of tissue, then will
Two images are combined, during according to hot body cell, tissue or organ in different conditions, its metabolic activity and produced heat
Different feature, and capilary heat-transfer character are radiated, can also the phase such as assistant analysis microvascular blood flow velocity, hemoperfusion degree
Close blood flow parameter, utilize detected blood vessel temperature to compensate capilary parameter, obtain high-contrast, comprising blood vessel
Parameter information, high-quality capilary image, and the temperature profile according to tissue under different pathological, carry out disease
Early prediction and health evaluating.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of device for detecting blood vessel, it is characterised in that including visible light source, fiber coupler, lighting fiber, into
As receiving channel, infrared light spectroscope, far infrared lens zoom system, far infrared deterctor, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system,
Visible light image sensor and image processing system；
The visible light source, for sending the visible ray that can be absorbed by red blood cell；
The fiber coupler, is arranged on the direction of advance of the visible ray, can for receive that the visible light source sends
See light；
The lighting fiber, is connected with the fiber coupler, for transmitting the visible ray, and will be seen that throwing after light-output
It is mapped to human tissue surface；
The imaging receiver passage, for collect from organization internal scattering return tissue surface visible ray and tissue radiation it is remote
Infrared ray；
The infrared light spectroscope, is arranged on the top of imaging receiver passage, for separating far infrared and visible ray；
The visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, the focusing distance for adjusting visible ray；
The visible light image sensor, for converting optical signals to electric signal, after amplified treatment and analog-to-digital conversion, output
Digital visible images；
The far infrared lens zoom system, the focusing distance for adjusting the far infrared becomes with the visible light lens
The focal length of burnt system keeps synchronous；
The far infrared deterctor, for incident far-infrared heat radiation signal to be converted into electric signal, amplified treatment and
After analog-to-digital conversion, the digital Far-infrared thermography of output；
Described image processing system, for by the visible images and Far-infrared thermography registration fusion, in the same proportion chi
Very little display, the blood-vessel image of outputting high quality；
Described image processing system has analysis module, for analyzing blood vessel parameter and human body temperature feature；
Described device is used for the detection of capilary.
2. it is used to detect the device of blood vessel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the fiber coupler includes fixing
Cover, condenser and optical branching device, the visible light source are fixed in fixed cover, it is seen that install poly- in the direction of advance of light successively
Light microscopic and optical branching device, one end of optical branching device are fixedly connected with fixed cover, and the other end of optical branching device is connected with lighting fiber,
The lighting fiber is in the periphery of imaging receiver passage, and the imaging receiver passage includes circular tube shaped passage and collimation lens, accurate
Straight lens are arranged at the bottom of circular tube shaped passage, and the infrared light spectroscope is arranged on the top of circular tube shaped passage in 45° angle, circle
The tubular conduit side relative with infrared light spectroscope is provided with light-transmitting opening, and optical filter is posted at light-transmitting opening.
3. it is used to detect the device of blood vessel as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that visible light source is light emitting diode,
The wavelength of its incident ray is 410-430nm, 525-550nm or 780-800nm；The transmission wavelength of optical filter and incident ray
Wavelength is identical.
4. it is used to detect the device of blood vessel as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the circular tube shaped channel interior scribbles anti-
Reflectance coating.
5. a kind of method for detecting blood vessel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The visible ray that S1, visible light source send projects human tissue surface through lighting fiber by the way of the incidence of side；
What the visible ray and tissue radiation that S2, imaging receiver passage collect the carrying vessel information returned through tissue transmission went out
Far infrared, through infrared light spectroscope light splitting after, it is seen that light is transported to visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system, and far infrared is transported to far
Infrared ray camera lens zoom system, pancreatic system；
The visible ray of the carrying vessel information that S3, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system will be collected projects visible images after focusing on
Sensor, obtains blood vessel visible images；
The zoom focal length parameter of S4, visible light lens zoom system, pancreatic system described in far infrared lens zoom system synchronization, will be described
Far infrared projects far infrared deterctor after focusing on, acquisition detects the infrared chart of tissue regions；
S5, image processing system carry out registering fusion to the visible images and the infrared chart, obtain blood-vessel image.
6. the method for being used to detect blood vessel as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the method for detecting blood vessel also includes
Step S6 is analyzed using temperature information to the parameter of blood vessel on blood-vessel image, by the height of tissues surrounding vascular temperature come
Reflect the hemoperfusion degree height and velocity of blood flow of tissue.
7. the method for being used to detect blood vessel as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that step S6 is also using temperature information
Temperature profile to tissue is analyzed：Using erythrocyte to the principle of absorption of visible ray to blood vessel imaging while,
Also it is distributed and builds three-dimensional temperature field Mathematical Modeling using far infrared deterctor test human body temperature field in tissue, obtains human body temperature
Feature.
8. the method for being used to detect blood vessel as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that methods described is used for the inspection of capilary
Survey.
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