CN104853943A - 具有燃料电池的机动车 - Google Patents

具有燃料电池的机动车 Download PDF

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CN104853943A
CN104853943A CN201380065434.3A CN201380065434A CN104853943A CN 104853943 A CN104853943 A CN 104853943A CN 201380065434 A CN201380065434 A CN 201380065434A CN 104853943 A CN104853943 A CN 104853943A
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fuel cell
drive motor
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speed box
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CN104853943B (zh
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M·鲍尔
A·布赫纳
S·哈斯
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/32—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K2025/005—Auxiliary drives driven by electric motors forming part of the propulsion unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车，该机动车具有燃料电池、用于在燃料电池上提供在压力下的进风的空气压缩机和用于驱动机动车的电驱动马达，该驱动马达为此可由燃料电池供应电流，按照本发明，空气压缩机由驱动马达驱动。

Description

具有燃料电池的机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车，该机动车具有燃料电池、用于在燃料电池上提供在压力下的进风的空气压缩机和用于驱动机动车的电驱动马达，所述驱动马达为此可由燃料电池供应电流。此外本发明涉及一种用于在机动车上运行这种燃料电池的方法。
背景技术
燃料电池系统、尤其是混合动力车的燃料电池系统具有用于输送压缩空气的空气压缩机或者说压缩空气输送机，利用该空气压缩机或者说压缩空气输送机从燃料电池系统的周围环境中为配属的燃料电池的运行提供足够的氧气。为此，在燃料电池系统运行时空气压缩机被这样调节，使得该空气压缩机提供对于燃料电池的相应运行状态在压缩空气方面合适的压力和质量流量。空气压缩机为此由单独的压缩机电驱动马达驱动。当在燃料电池上的负载突变时，该压缩机电驱动马达相应地可以在其驱动功率方面被单独控制。
发明内容
按照本发明提供一种机动车，该机动车具有燃料电池、用于在燃料电池上或者说在燃料电池中提供在压力下的进风的空气压缩机和用于驱动机动车的电驱动马达。在此，该驱动马达可由燃料电池供应电流。此外，燃料电池的空气压缩机由驱动马达可以说沿着反方向由驱动马达驱动。空气压缩机的该驱动优选传统地以机械方式进行。特别优选的是，驱动马达为此利用传递转矩的联接装置与空气压缩机连接。该联接装置可以有利地设计成可接合的。于是为了改善总效率，空气压缩机可以在一定的运行状态下与驱动马达完全脱离。
利用将驱动马达与配属的燃料电池的空气压缩机联接的按照本发明的联接装置省却了在其它情况下必要的、用于空气压缩机的单独的驱动。此外，利用驱动马达可以的是，在制动过程中在惯性运行或者说发电运行中使用该驱动马达并且将这种机械惯性功率直接输送到空气压缩机中。因此省却，在其它情况下必要地在驱动马达上转换成电流并且在空气压缩机上再转换成机械转动功率。
当在燃料电池上仅需要小的功率，但驱动马达由于惯性运行的原因可能提供较大的回收功率时，那么空气压缩机与驱动马达的脱离可以是特别有利的。该回收功率于是可以全部在发电运行中转化成电能用于中间存储在配属的电池中。
联接装置此外优选设计成具有可切换的变速器，该变速器尤其可以两级切换。这样的变速器可以在变速器输出端在两种转动速度上作调节。因此可以为连接的空气压缩机预设两个功率范围，在这两个功率范围之内，该空气压缩机可以将其压缩空气输送到压力存储装置中。由优选以压缩空气箱形式设计成的压力存储装置可以将压缩空气符合需求地并且精细计量地作为进风在燃料电池上提供。
变速器此外优选与机动车的驱动轴可传递转矩地耦联。这种变速器通过如下方式承载多种功能：该变速器不仅用于驱动燃料电池的空气压缩机而且也用于驱动机动车的从动轴。也就是说所有必需的机械驱动组合构成在变速器中。在此可以有利地充分利用在各个消耗器上的所需转速方面的协调，以便将变速器的复杂性保持得很小。
此外，按照本发明的变速器优选与用于从燃料电池排出在压力下的排风的空气膨胀机可传递转矩地耦联。这种尤其可以有选择地耦联的空气膨胀机从由燃料电池在剩余压力下排出的排风中提供回收功率。也就是说该空气膨胀机使用这些排风的剩余焓，以便将所述剩余焓转化成机械的转动能并且用于驱动空气压缩机和/或驱动轴。
本发明相应地还涉及一种用于在机动车上运行燃料电池的方法，其中，利用空气压缩机在燃料电池上提供在压力下的进风并且利用电驱动马达驱动机动车，其中，由该驱动马达驱动空气压缩机。空气压缩机的驱动优选以纯机械方式进行。该驱动马达在此优选利用传递转矩的联接装置与空气压缩机连接。该联接装置优选可接合地实现。此外，联接装置优选设计成具有可切换的变速器，该变速器尤其两级切换。此外，变速器优选与机动车的驱动轴传递转矩地耦联或者说驱动轴也耦联到这种变速器上。变速器因此被切换到这样一个切换位置，在该切换位置上，由燃料电池以及制动的驱动轴产生的功率被最佳地引入相应需要的应用中。变速器也优选可以与用于从燃料电池排出在压力下的排风的空气膨胀机传递转矩地耦联。由这样的空气膨胀机从燃料电池的排风中提供的回收功率也可以按这种方式被与应用相关地使用。
附图说明
接下来参照附图详细阐述按照本发明的解决方案的实施例。其中，附图示出按照本发明的具有燃料电池的机动车的示意图。
具体实施方式
机动车10包括燃料电池12，该燃料电池的核心部件是阳极-阴极-堆14。此外，在燃料电池12上还设有用于将氢气输送给阳极-阴极-堆14的线路16、用于将进风输送给阳极-阴极-堆14的线路18、用于将电能从阳极-阴极-堆14输出的线路20和用于将排风从阳极-阴极-堆14排出的线路22。在燃料电池12运行时可以利用空气压缩机24将进风从机动车10的周围环境中作为压缩空气输送到线路18中。进风通过线路26输送给空气压缩机24。空气压缩机24可以将进风直接通过线路18提供给阳极-阴极-堆14或者将进风中间存储在压缩空气箱28中。为此设有用于将进风输送到压缩空气箱28中的线路30以及用于将进风从压缩空气箱28输出到阳极-阴极-堆14中的线路32。
此外，电驱动马达34位于机动车10上，如现在接着详细阐述的那样，利用该驱动马达也可以驱动用于燃料电池12的空气压缩机24。借助线路20可以将电能从燃料电池12提供给驱动马达34。备选地可以将电能从燃料电池12中间存储在电池36中。电池36为此设有用于将电能从阳极-阴极-堆14输送到电池36中的线路38和用于将电能从电池36输出给驱动马达34的线路40。驱动马达34按这种方式也可以至少短时间地运行，而不必已经由燃料电池12来提供电能。
为了也可以从燃料电池12的排风中回收能量而设有空气膨胀机42，排风借助线路22输送给该空气膨胀机。然后排风从空气膨胀机42通过线路44到达车辆10的周围环境中。
驱动马达34和空气膨胀机42连接到变速器46上，该变速器此外也连接到空气压缩机24上并且连接到具有两个驱动轮50的驱动轴48上。为此，在各个驱动轮50和驱动轴48之间设有传递转矩的联接装置52。变速器46利用传递转矩的联接装置54耦联到驱动轴48上。变速器46以类似的方式利用传递转矩的联接装置56耦联到驱动马达34上、利用传递转矩的联接装置58耦联到空气压缩机24上并且利用传递转矩的联接装置60耦联到空气膨胀机42上。联接装置52、54、56、58和60设计成可以有选择地接通和断开，从而驱动马达34尤其可以将其驱动功率符合需求地分配到驱动轴48和空气压缩机24上。
最后，在机动车10上也设有两个非驱动轮62，然而这两个非驱动轮备选地也可以同样作为驱动轮结合到驱动轴48的上述的驱动方案中，从而形成全轮驱动的形式。
附图标记列表
10  机动车
12  燃料电池
14  阳极-阴极-堆
16  用于将氢气输送到阳极-阴极-堆中的线路
18  用于将进风输送到阳极-阴极-堆中的线路
20  用于将电能从阳极-阴极-堆输出的线路
22  用于将排风从阳极-阴极-堆排出的线路
24  空气压缩机
26  用于将进风从周围环境中输入的线路
28  压缩空气箱
30  用于将进风输送到压缩空气箱中的线路
32  用于将进风从压缩空气箱排出的线路
34  驱动马达
36  电池
38  用于将电能输送到电池中的线路
40  用于将电能从电池输出的线路
42  空气膨胀机
44  用于将排风排出到周围环境中的线路
46  变速器
48  驱动轴
50  驱动轮
52  将驱动轴联接到驱动轮的联接装置
54  将驱动轴联接到变速器的联接装置
56  将驱动马达联接到变速器的联接装置
58  将空气压缩机联接到变速器的联接装置
60  将空气膨胀机联接到变速器的联接装置
62  非驱动轮

Claims (10)

1.机动车(10)，该机动车具有燃料电池(12)、用于在所述燃料电池(12)上提供在压力下的进风的空气压缩机(24)和用于驱动机动车(10)的电驱动马达(34)，所述驱动马达为此能够由燃料电池(12)供应电流，其中，所述空气压缩机(24)由驱动马达(34)驱动。
2.按照权利要求1所述的机动车，其中，所述驱动马达(34)利用传递转矩的联接装置(58)与空气压缩机(24)连接。
3.按照权利要求2所述的机动车，其中，所述联接装置(58)设计成具有能够切换的变速器(46)，该变速器尤其能够两级切换。
4.按照权利要求3所述的机动车，其中，所述变速器(46)与机动车(10)的驱动轴(48)能够传递转矩地耦联。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的机动车，其中，所述变速器(46)与用于从燃料电池(12)排出在压力下的排风的空气膨胀机(42)能够传递转矩地耦联。
6.用于在机动车(10)上运行燃料电池(12)的方法，其中，利用空气压缩机(24)在燃料电池(12)上提供在压力下的进风，并且利用电驱动马达(34)驱动机动车(10)，其中，空气压缩机(24)由驱动马达(34)驱动。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述驱动马达(34)利用传递转矩的联接装置(58)与空气压缩机(24)连接。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述联接装置(58)设计成具有能够切换的变速器(46)，该变速器尤其两级切换。
9.按照权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述变速器(46)与机动车(10)的驱动轴(34)传递转矩地耦联。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，所述变速器(46)与用于从燃料电池(12)排出在压力下的排风的空气膨胀机(42)传递转矩地耦联。
CN201380065434.3A 2013-01-24 2013-12-06 具有燃料电池的机动车 Expired - Fee Related CN104853943B (zh)

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