CN104853877B - 高压储能模块及用于制造高压储能模块的方法 - Google Patents

高压储能模块及用于制造高压储能模块的方法 Download PDF

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CN104853877B
CN104853877B CN201480003522.5A CN201480003522A CN104853877B CN 104853877 B CN104853877 B CN 104853877B CN 201480003522 A CN201480003522 A CN 201480003522A CN 104853877 B CN104853877 B CN 104853877B
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energy storage
storage module
voltage energy
circuit board
wire
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CN104853877A (zh
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K-H·高巴茨
J·洛佩兹德阿罗亚贝
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K20/004—Wire welding
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    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
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    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于特别是机动车的供电系统的高压储能模块(1)，其包括至少两个存储电池(2)和在不同存储电池的两个电极(4)之间的至少一个导电连接部(6)，其中，单个连接部(6)包括多根并排设置的接合导线(11)，并且每根接合导线是借助引线键合固定在两个电极上的。本发明还涉及一种用于制造特别是为机动车供电的高压储能模块(1)的方法。

Description

高压储能模块及用于制造高压储能模块的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于特别是机动车的供电系统的高压储能模块以及一种用于制造高压储能模块的方法。
背景技术
在车辆中将高压储能模块用于通过电动机唯一地或者补充地驱动车辆。其中多个高压储能模块可以合并成一个电池组/蓄电池。各个高压储能模块具有多个排列的存储电池。在各个存储电池中存在着电化学元件，例如构造成锂离子蓄电池。在现有技术中，存储电池的各个电极在高压储能模块中相互间借助于电缆或者刚性的电池连接件相连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种高压储能模块，该高压储能模块可以经济地并且在自动化过程中进行制造。另外，该高压储能模块应该运行可靠地和少维护地工作。此外，本发明的目的是，提供一种用于制造该高压储能模块的相应的方法。
上述目的通过如下所述的特征得以实现。
由此，所述目的通过一种用于特别是机动车的供电系统的高压储能模块得以实现，其包括：至少两个存储电池和在不同存储电池的两个电极之间的至少一个导电连接部，其中，单个连接部包括多根并排设置的接合导线，并且每根接合导线是借助引线键合固定在两个电极上的。在存储电池内存在着电化学元件，优选构造成锂离子蓄电池。存储电池优选包括一个密封的壳体，电化学元件设置在该壳体内。在每个存储电池上构造有两个电极。所述电极也称为接线端子。不同存储电池的电极借助导电的连接部要么并联要么串联地相互连接。根据本发明规定：单个连接部包括多根并排设置的接合导线(Bonddraht)。在此，每根接合导线均是借助引线键合(Drahtbonden)固定在两个电极上的。所述引线键合是一种用以将导线与接触表面(例如存储电池的电极)连接起来的方法。引线键合也称为显微焊。其中不需要焊接添加料并且不需要焊剂。为了建立连接而将接合导线的一部分熔化。例如，通过在接合导线上施加超声波振动来实现这一点。
通过将实施了引线键合的接合导线用作在各个电极之间的电连接，可以在自动加工过程中制造出高压储能模块。通过这种方式降低了高压储能模块的成本。同时接合导线比较轻，因而可以节省重量。接合导线传导例如数量级为200A的总电流。所以，针对在两个电极之间的连接部，相应地使用许多根接合导线，为的是总共提供一个相应大的导体横截面以供使用。各单根接合导线比较细并且可弯曲，因而产生一种柔性的连接部，该连接部可以补偿在存储电池之间的一定纵向膨胀变形并且不易受负荷(诸如振动)的影响。
优选所述高压储能模块包括带有用于监视存储电池的电子器件的电路板。借助这个优选包括CPU(中央处理器)的电子器件，可以对各个存储电池的电池电压和/或温度进行监视。所述电路板优选套装到存储电池上。通过电路板的相应构造设计，该电路板可以同时用于使各个存储电池对心定位和/或相互固定。因此可以节省附加的构件。
为使所述电子器件能够在电路板上对各个存储电池的温度和/或电池电压进行监视，需要实现一种到电路板的电连接，以便传输测量电流。所以优选规定：至少所述接合导线之一在两个电极之间借助引线键合固定于电路板上。由此，相应的接合导线从一个电极引向电路板以及从电路板引向下一电极。特别是，接合导线在电路板上并不中断，而是仅借助引线键合联接。
作为在两个电极之间的接合导线的联接以外的备选或补充方案，优选设置一附加接合导线。该附加接合导线以一个端部固定在电极上并以另一端部固定在电路板上。在电极上和在电路板上的所述固定再次借助引线键合予以实现。
所述接合导线或所述附加接合导线与电路板导电连接的位置被称为固定位置。优选地，在固定位置附近，在电路板上设置一温度传感器。该温度传感器构造为用于测定存储电池的通过所述接合导线或所述附加接合导线传输的温度。为了测定存储电池的准确的温度，优选在电路板上在电子器件中实施一种相应的计算模型。借助该计算模型，可以考虑在所测得的温度与存储电池上实际温度之间的相移。
优选地，存储电池的所有电极定位布置在所述高压储能模块的一侧，所述电路板平放安置于这一侧上。
所述电路板构造得相对较薄并且优选包括一层10至100μm范围内的铜层。因此，优选针对整个高压储能模块的电联接规定：将一金属元件定位在电路板上。该金属元件优选为铝板。在金属元件上设置有用于电缆的接线装置。优选所述接线装置构造为用于拧上电缆线夹。另外，在其中一个电极与所述金属元件之间还设置有导电的接线连接部。该接线连接部也包括多根并排设置的接合导线。这些接合导线中的每根均是借助引线键合固定在电极上和金属元件上的。
按如下方式确定接合导线的尺寸，即，使得它们能够实施引线键合并且能够毫无问题地弯曲成所需的形状。为此优选规定：接合导线具有直径最大为1mm、优选最大为750μm、特别优选最大为500μm的圆形横截面。作为此外的备选方案，接合导线构造成带状的并且优选具有最大为3mm、特别优选最大为2mm的宽度。接合导线有益地由铜或金、特别优选由铝制成。
另外，本发明还包括一种用于制造高压储能模块的方法，其包括下列步骤：(i)准备至少两个存储电池，和(ii)在不同存储电池的两个电极之间构成至少一个导电连接部。针对各个连接部，分别使用多根接合导线。接合导线分别与两个电极实施引线键合。
本发明高压储能模块的有益构造设计相应有益地适用于本发明的方法。
特别是规定：在引线键合时，通过施加压力和/或超声波和/或提高温度使接合导线与相应的电极、与金属元件或与电路板连接。附加接合导线也相应地与电极和电路板连接。
优选的是，为实现引线键合并不使用添加材料，诸如焊接添加物或焊剂。纯粹就是通过施加超声波和/或压力和/或温度使得接合导线熔化并建立传导连接。
附图说明
本发明的其他细节、特征和优点可由下文的说明和附图得出。附图中示出：
图1为本发明高压储能模块的第一实施例；
图2为本发明高压储能模块的第一实施例的存储电池；
图3为本发明高压储能模块的第一实施例的第一细节；
图4为本发明高压储能模块的第一实施例的第二细节；
图5为本发明高压储能模块的第二实施例；
图6为本发明高压储能模块的第二实施例的细节；
图7为两个实施例的高压储能模块所用的制造步骤。
具体实施方式
下文参照图1至4对高压储能模块1的第一实施例进行说明。图5和6示出了高压储能模块1的第二实施例。图7示出了用于制造两个实施例的高压储能模块1的方法步骤。相同的或功能相同的部件在所有的实施例中标注以同样的附图标记。
根据图1，高压储能模块1包括多个存储电池2。图2详细地示出了其中一个存储电池2。存储电池2构造成棱柱形的并且在高压储能模块1内相互有序排列。每个存储电池2具有两个电极4。存储电池2这样地相互有序排列，使得所有的电极4指向一侧。一块电路板3套装在高压储能模块1的这一侧上。
在第一实施例中，电路板3具有多个接片5。各一个接片5伸入不同存储电池2的两个相邻的电极4之间。电路板3构造为，使它将各存储电池2相互定位并固定。
在不同存储电池2的两个相邻的电极4之间分别设置有一连接部6。该连接部6是导电的并且将不同存储电池2相互串联或并联连接。
为了将整个高压储能模块1与另一高压储能模块1或者与车辆的高压馈电系统相连接，而设置有电缆9。为了将该电缆9与电路板3连接，在电路板3上设有一金属元件8。在该金属元件8上构造有一个例如用于拧上电缆9的电缆线夹的接线装置10。金属元件8借助接线连接部7与电极4之一相连接。
图3示出了图1中的第一细节。连接部6包括多根并排设置的接合导线11。各接合导线11特别是彼此平行地设置并相互间隔开。接合导线11也可以上下相叠地设置。每根接合导线从一个电极4通过电路板3引向相邻的电极4。每根接合导线11都是借助引线键合固定在两个电极4上和电路板3上并实现触点接通。在所示出的实例中，针对连接部6选择了十一根接合导线11。接合导线11的数量要根据单根接合导线11的横截面和最大电流来选择。
另外，图3示出了接线连接部7。该接线连接部7同样包括一些单根接合导线11。各接合导线11并排地、特别是彼此平行地设置。每根接合导线是通过引线键合与金属元件8和电极4连接的。
图4示出了图1中的第二细节。连接部6的各个接合导线11与电路板3连接的位置称为固定位置13。在该固定位置13的附近，有一温度传感器14位于电路板3上。接合导线11将电极4的温度以及由此将存储电池2的温度传导至电路板3上。在电路板3上可以利用温度传感器14检测相应的温度。由一个相应的计算模型对温度传感器14和存储电池2之间可能的相移或温度损失进行补偿。为此，在电路板3上温度传感器14与CPU 15连接。CPU 15和温度传感器14通常代表一电子器件，借助该电子器件可以监视各个存储电池2。例如，利用CPU15以及通过固定位置13还可以测量出各个电池2中的电池电压。
图5和6示出了高压储能模块1的第二实施例。与第一实施例不同，在该第二实施例中规定：连接部6的接合导线11直接从一个电极4延伸到相邻的电极4。在此情况中，取消了在两电极4之间的固定位置13。因此电极4能够彼此更加靠近。为了测量电流，在每个存储电池2上设置有一根附加接合导线12。该附加接合导线的一端固定在电极4上以及另一端固定在电路板3上。对所述附加接合导线12的固定也是通过引线键合实现的。特别是，每个存储电池2或每个电极4使用至少一根附加接合导线12。电路板3上附加接合导线12的联接点又构成一个固定位置13，通过该固定位置，例如可以测量温度和/或电池电压。
图7示出了用于制造两个实施例的高压储能模块1的步骤S1至S4。作为示例图示了在两个相邻电极4之间的接合导线11的引线键合。
图7在步骤S1中示出：接合导线11穿过毛细管16。接合导线11的端部首先被定位在电极4上。根据步骤S2，然后往接合导线11上和/或往毛细管16上施加超声波振动18。同时便施加了一个键合力17，使得接合导线11与电极4连接。此后，根据步骤S3将毛细管16引向相邻的电极4。通过毛细管16的运动同时将接合导线11弯曲成适当的形状。根据步骤S3，再次施加键合力17和超声波振动18，使得接合导线11又与下一电极4相连接。根据步骤4，最后实现毛细管16的相应的运动，从而将接合导线11分断开。
对于根据第一实施例的连接部6的构造设计，在步骤S2和S3之间将毛细管16连同接合导线11定位在电路板3上。此时还在电路板3上施加超声波振动18和键合力17。然而优选的是，并非直接在与电路板3连接之后就将接合导线17分断开，而是还按照步骤S4实施接合导线11与下一电极4之间的连接。因此，在第一实施例中，连续的接合导线11从一个电极4通过电路板3引向下一电极4。由此，电路板3不必传导例如200A高的总电流。
附图标记列表
1 高压储能模块
2 存储电池
3 电路板
4 电极
5 接片
6 连接部
7 接线连接部
8 金属元件
9 电缆
10 接线装置
11 接合导线
12 附加接合导线
13 固定位置
14 温度传感器
15 CPU(中央处理器)
16 毛细管
17 键合力
18 超声波

Claims (16)

1.用于供电系统的高压储能模块(1)，其包括：
-至少两个存储电池(2)，和
-在不同存储电池(2)的两个电极(4)之间的至少一个导电连接部(6)，
-其中，单个连接部(6)包括多根并排设置的接合导线(11)，并且每根接合导线(11)是借助引线键合固定在两个电极(4)上的。
2.如权利要求1所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：该高压储能模块包括带有用于监视所述存储电池(2)的电子器件的电路板(3)。
3.如权利要求2所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：至少所述接合导线(11)之一在两个电极(4)之间借助引线键合固定于所述电路板(3)上。
4.如权利要求2所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：该高压储能模块包括至少一根附加接合导线(12)，该附加接合导线将电极(4)之一与电路板(3)相连接，该附加接合导线是借助引线键合固定在电极(4)上和电路板(3)上的，并且该附加接合导线终结于电路板(3)上。
5.如权利要求3所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：该高压储能模块包括至少一根附加接合导线(12)，该附加接合导线将电极(4)之一与电路板(3)相连接，该附加接合导线是借助引线键合固定在电极(4)上和电路板(3)上的，并且该附加接合导线终结于电路板(3)上。
6.如权利要求3至5之任一项所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：在所述接合导线(11)与电路板(3)的固定位置(13)处，在所述电路板(3)上设置有温度传感器(14)，该温度传感器构造为用于测定存储电池(2)的通过所述接合导线(11)传输的温度。
7.如权利要求5所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：在所述附加接合导线(12)与电路板(3)的固定位置(13)处，在所述电路板(3)上设置有温度传感器(14)，该温度传感器构造为用于测定存储电池(2)的通过所述附加接合导线(12)传输的温度。
8.如权利要求2至5之任一项所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：存储电池(2)的所有电极(4)定位布置在所述高压储能模块(1)的一侧，所述电路板(3)平放安置于这一侧上。
9.如权利要求2至5之任一项所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：所述高压储能模块另外还包括：
-设置在所述电路板(3)上的金属元件(8)，其带有用于电缆(9)的接线装置(10)，和
-在一个存储电池(2)的电极(4)与所述金属元件(8)之间的导电的接线连接部(7)，
-其中，所述接线连接部(7)包括多根并排设置的接合导线(11)，并且每根接合导线(11)是借助引线键合固定在电极(4)上和金属元件(8)上的。
10.如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：
-所述接合导线(11)具有直径最大为1mm的圆形横截面，或
-所述接合导线(11)是宽度为最大3mm的带状。
11.如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：所述高压储能模块(1)是机动车的供电系统的高压储能模块。
12.如权利要求9所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：所述金属元件(8)为铝板。
13.如权利要求10所述的高压储能模块，其特征在于：
-所述接合导线(11)具有直径最大为500μm的圆形横截面，或
-所述接合导线(11)是宽度为最大为2mm的带状。
14.用于制造供电的高压储能模块(1)的方法，其包括下列步骤：
-准备至少两个存储电池(2)，和
-在不同存储电池(2)的两个电极(4)之间构成至少一个导电连接部(6)，
-其中，对于单个连接部(6)，将多根接合导线(11)分别与两个电极(4)实施引线键合。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于：在引线键合时，通过施加压力和/或超声波和/或提高温度使接合导线(11)与相应的电极(4)、与高压储能模块(1)的带有用于监视所述存储电池(2)的电子器件的电路板(3)或与设置在所述电路板(3)上的金属元件(8)连接。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于：所述高压储能模块(1)用于为机动车供电。
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