CN104846848B - A kind of method controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground - Google Patents
A kind of method controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground, the resistance to shear of soil that the method changes according to the elevation in mining area's surface subsidence basin and causes is distributed or deformation behaviour difference, utilize earth's surface soil body hydrophysical property difference under the conditions of different water cut, strengthen Plastic flow of soil, reduce the drawing crack of the soil body, thus reduce the degree of depth Vertical Infiltration effect caused in soil erosion process by crack, on earth's surface, minery, soil moisture content is adjusted by implementing the ancillary technique of quantitatively water spray, the ground crack development degree in control production subsidence basin extension time zone, and then reduce by the soil erosion effect degree of crack preferentially stream effect.The present invention has the advantage that compared to existing technology and constructs without big machinery, and belonging to low input in environment of mining area Treatment process method, treatment cost is cheap；Method, without the earth's surface soil body is carried out chemical modification, will not destroy the microecological environment in the soil body, the ecological environment that applicable mining area is more fragile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to conservation technology field, in particular a kind of control stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground surface water
The method that soil runs off.
Background technology
Underground pit mining is one of main mining type of Mineral Resources in China, and the derivative environmental problem that this recovery method causes is not
Only include mine environmental pollution, also include environmental disruption.Pit mining can cause land subsidence, ground fissure, and both calamities
Evil phenomenon is often association.In Goaf Area, the growth earth's surface under gravity along with top roof caving and crack is vertical
Correspondence position can form sunken region, and the depression degree of depth in middle part, Subsidence Area is relatively big, and marginal area depression is shallower, forms depression slope
Ground.Owing to Subsidence Area topography and geomorphology there occurs that change, corresponding crustal stress also there occurs change.Hillside fields, Subsidence Area is in position at the bottom of slope
Owing to both sides are toward middle depression, earth's surface soil body subjected to stress is mainly two lateral middle compressive stress, and depression zone line is formed
Crush zone.Owing to the domatic soil body collapses at the bottom of slope, the soil body in Po Ding position can be formed drawing zone by tension.Slope top pull
Opening district's soil body can occur to link destruction under the effect of tension, the soil body forms fracture, i.e. formation separation fracture, earth's surface, cranny development
Area is readily formed serious soil erosion.
In the mining area that groundwater level is relatively low, after subsidence, earth's surface elevation remains above original groundwater level, is difficult to occur covering
Water sunken region.Sunken region can still act as ploughing and uses in the case, but ploughs and have very during dynamic depression
Many cranny developments, just tend towards stability when at the bottom of the depression soil body develops into the slope of Subsidence Area.Go forward one by one in crack in growth course, split
The intensive region soil body of gap there will be serious soil erosion, is not only the soil erosion of the horizontal direction on earth's surface, also can be vertical
Upper formation soil erosion, and then affect soil quality.The crop ped location that cranny development is many can produce a large amount of of nutrient and migrate or stream
Losing, cause soil fertility to run off, water holding is held fertile ability and is declined.
Control and reduce the cranny development of Subsidence Area border slope, to conserving water and soil and controlling soil quality important in inhibiting.Mesh
The subsidence process in front China mining area lacks relevant management system and control device.The earth's surface soil body that deep mining causes is dynamic
The manual intervention that depression process is the most relevant, gives free rein to depression substantially.Owing to the meteorological condition of different times differs greatly,
The separation fracture, earth's surface of the formation during natural depression is relatively big, severe water and soil erosion, and soil fertility runs off the most serious.Pin
The ecological environment more fragile to mining area, controls earth's surface, underground mineral Subsidence Area in the urgent need to a kind of technological means or method
Soil erosion, to keep the water and soil of Subsidence Area and to control soil quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of control earth's surface, stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground
The method of soil erosion.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of controls stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground earth's surface soil erosion
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, deep gob edge line is projected to earth's surface straight up, form ground line, setting cycle on earth's surface
Water component is L, by ground line and outwards scope between 1L equal space line divide plan tension district into, by ground line with to
Scope between interior 0.5L equal space line divides tension district into, the scope between inside 0.5L equal space line and inside 1L equal space line is divided into
Crush zone, divides the scope within inside 1L equal space line into stable region；
Step 2, intend tension district measure the soil body character, including to soil moisture content MC, plastic limit WP, liquid limit WL, dry
Density p and the mensuration of original state soil body Infiltration speed k；
Step 3, the data calculating rate of water make-up V=S × V obtained according to step 21× H, spray time t=H/k, and spray flow Q=V/t,
Wherein V1It is that regulation unit volume soil moisture content is to liquid limit WLThe required water yield, H is that needing of setting regulates moisture content
The degree of depth of the soil body, the area S=L in S Shi Ni tension district × W, W is that work surface tunnels width；
Step 4, enforcement sprinkling irrigation above plan tension district, rate of water make-up, sprinkling irrigation time, sprinkling irrigation flow are by step 3 calculating acquisition.
As further improvement of these options, the method that described sprinkling irrigation is used is spray or micropore water filling.
As further improvement of these options, described sprinkling irrigation is sprinkling irrigation continuously or interval sprinkling irrigation.
As further improvement of these options, sprinkling irrigation time t needs and deep work surface driving speed u and periodic weighting step
Need to meet relation t≤L/u away from L, it is ensured that destroy the soil body before the soil body links at dynamic depression action of pulling stress and obtained modification.
The present invention has the advantage that the present invention provides a kind of and controls earth's surface, stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground compared to existing technology
The method of soil erosion.The soil erosion caused at China's Coal Mining Subsidence cranny development at present lacks relevant control technological means,
This method is that the soil erosion that earth's surface, dynamic Subsidence Area growth of soil mass crack causes provides a kind of exercisable control device, fills up
The blank of association area.After this method has only to the mensuration to earth's surface, dynamic Subsidence Area soil body relevant nature, change containing of the soil body
Water rate, utilizes the character such as the dilatancy of the soil body itself, plasticity, pull resistance to realize.Method is constructed without big machinery, in mining area
Belonging to low input in environmental improvement technical method, treatment cost is cheap.Method, will not without the earth's surface soil body is carried out chemical modification
Destroy the microecological environment in the soil body, the ecological environment that applicable mining area is more fragile.Additionally, the method can be widely applied to low diving
Subsidence Area, position, improves the moisture content of the earth's surface soil body, it is possible to produces mining area surface soil body vegetation protection and urges into effect, suppression airborne dust,
Protection earth's surface soil body plant, conserve water and soil, the additional environmental benefit such as soil protection quality obvious.The method is simple, with low cost,
Benefit is obvious, is suitable to popularization and application on a large scale.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that region divides schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is nature depression process resistance to shear of soil distribution and deformation distribution two dimensional model.
Fig. 3 is depression process resistance to shear of soil distribution processed by the invention and deformation distribution two dimensional model.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention,
Give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
In missile silo work recovery process, due to factor impacts such as work surface periodic weightings, depression process in goaf, deep presents successively
The feature advanced.So the Subsidence Area that earth's surface is formed is not stable yet, also present behavioral characteristics.Along with underground coal is opened
The propelling of mining face, land surface subsidence also expands successively in relevant position, i.e. the direction of propulsion along work surface sinks the most successively
Fall into.Therefore, the hillside fields that edge, Subsidence Area is formed also there will be " movement " phenomenon, and along with depression the most forward, previous stage is formed
Domatic and slope push up, can become at the bottom of the slope of next stage, and form new top, slope in front.Top, the new slope soil body by tension,
Form drawing zone and there will be again crack.After the top, domatic and slope of previous stage becomes at the bottom of slope, tension originally is transformed into again pressure should
Power, forming crack can close up under action of compressive stress before.This depression gone forward one by one can make crack grow the most forward, is formed
Dynamic growth course.Said process is the mechanism that dynamic Subsidence Area ground crack is grown.This process is carried out manual intervention i.e.
The control of earth's surface, Subsidence Area soil erosion to a certain extent can be realized.For controlling this phenomenon, we provide a kind of control underground
The method of stratiform mineral products Subsidence Area earth's surface soil erosion, comprises the following steps:
Step one, deep gob edge line is projected to earth's surface straight up, form ground line 34 on earth's surface, set week
Phase water component is L, divides the scope between ground line 34 and outside 1L equal space line 40 into plan tension district 4, by earth's surface
Scope between boundary line 34 and inwardly 0.5L equal space line 23 divides tension district 3 into, by inside 0.5L equal space line 23 and inside 1L
Scope between equal space line 12 divides crush zone 2 into, divides the scope within inside 1L equal space line 12 into stable region 1；
Step 2, measure the character of the soil body, including to soil moisture content MC, plastic limit W intending tension district 4P, liquid limit WLWith
The mensuration of dry density ρ, measures regulation unit volume soil moisture content MC to liquid limit WLRequired water yield V1.Survey the most simultaneously
Determine original state soil body Infiltration speed k, set the depth H needing to regulate the soil body of moisture content, tunnel width W according to work surface
Statistics intends the area S=L × W in tension district 4；Owing to the natural soil body has certain swell-shrink characteristic, can expand under certain condition
Or shrink.Especially when the moisture content of the soil body changes, its volume can occur significantly to change, and relevant physical property also can
Change, the change of the character such as such as denseness, resistance to compression, tension and plasticity.Under naturalness, the moisture content of the earth's surface soil body is greatly
Under the meteorological condition of part, ratio is relatively low, so easily producing the growth in crack.In the forming process of hillside fields, earth's surface, Subsidence Area,
Descend the work surface driving position of pit mining in combination, determine subsidence development position on earth's surface.In advance to developing into tension
The soil body in district 3 carries out manual humidification according to its plasticity, increases the moisture content of the earth's surface soil body, and the soil body i.e. can expand, and is supporting
While the part that disappears tension, denseness changes, and plasticity strengthens, and pull resistance tool has a certain upgrade, and can effectively reduce ground surface soil
The density of body cranny development and the degree of depth, suppress soil erosion.But the soil property of the earth's surface soil body of different regions and structure have certain
Difference, causes the dilatancy of the ground surface soil of different regions to there are differences i.e. expansion rate different.So according to earth's surface, the different regions soil body
Feature, before depression, i.e. need the soil body that will form hillside fields is carried out the mensuration of relevant soil mass property.
Step 3, the data calculating rate of water make-up V=S × V obtained according to step 21× H, spray time t=H/k, and spray flow Q=V/t,
Wherein V1It is that regulation unit volume soil moisture content is to liquid limit WLThe required water yield, H is that needing of setting regulates moisture content
The degree of depth of the soil body, the area S=L in S Shi Ni tension district 4 × W, W is that work surface tunnels width；
Step 4, enforcement sprinkling irrigation above plan tension district 4, rate of water make-up, sprinkling irrigation time, sprinkling irrigation flow are calculated by step 3 and obtain
?.
The method that sprinkling irrigation is used is spray or micropore water filling.Sprinkling irrigation flow determines according to soil mass property, it is ensured that water can enter to be seeped into
The certain depth of the soil body, can also assist with micropore water filling at the soil body that part water penetration is poor, it is ensured that soil body overall moisture content obtains
To adjusting improvement in time.
Sprinkling irrigation is sprinkling irrigation continuously or interval sprinkling irrigation.When water infiltration speed is slower, using interval sprinkling irrigation, topsoil goes out
Now stop sprinkling irrigation during obvious hydrops, treat that upper soll layer Water log infiltration is complete and continue sprinkling irrigation.When water infiltration speed is slower,
Use interval sprinkling irrigation, control sprinkling irrigation flow Q < V/t, when topsoil occurs that obvious hydrops stops sprinkling irrigation, treat upper soll layer hydrops
Complete continuation of infiltrating is sprayed, and this time recovering sprinkling irrigation after pausing is the time interval of interval sprinkling irrigation.The lasting spray of this interruption
Fill total sprinkling irrigation amount and must reach V.
Sprinkling irrigation time t needs to need to meet relation t≤L/u with deep work surface driving speed u and periodic weighting step pitch L, it is ensured that
Before dynamically depression action of pulling stress destroys soil body link, the soil body has obtained modification.When depression hillside fields develops into shift to an earlier date modification
The soil body time, the soil body is obtained for improvement due to the adjustment of moisture content, soil expansion, pull resistance, plasticity, can effectively reduce soil
The density of body separation fracture growth and the degree of depth.Can realize dynamic Subsidence Area ground crack is grown control to a certain extent, thus
Inhibit the phenomenon that crack under naturalness is developed wantonly, can effectively suppress level and the soil erosion in vertical direction, keep soil
Nutrient in body, the ecological environment that protection mining area is fragile.
The sprinkling irrigation moistening time of the soil body, region and watering amount depend on that mining subsidence basin forms the speed with extension, earth's surface soil property
Type, the hydrophysical property of the soil body, and the natural moisture content of the soil body.Contain by implementing the ancillary technique adjustment soil body of quantitatively sprinkling irrigation
Water rate, the soil body mechanical property in Shi Ni tension district 4 obtains modification, thus effectively improves separation fracture of dynamic depression stage and grow strong
Degree.The scale of sprinkling irrigation depends on the scope in subsidence basin tension district 3 every time；The sprinkling irrigation water yield is then according to soil body water content size at that time
Suitably spray increase, until it reaches the minimum water content of this district's Plastic flow of soil state；The time cycle of sprinkling irrigation depends on collapse basin
Expansion rate to the periphery, this speed is relevant with the periodic weighting step pitch of underground ore bed exploitation.The time of the enforcement of sprinkler irrigation technique is real
It is as on border that underground mining work surface is pushed ahead and the basin expansion time that causes synchronizes.
By the pre-sprinkling irrigation in above-mentioned subsidence basin extension time zone, have adjusted the moisture content of the soil body, the soil body has been carried out modification.In advance
The method of sprinkling irrigation achieves effective control that dynamic depression extension soil body separation fracture, time zone is grown.Method only utilizes physical properties of soil,
Without the earth's surface soil body is carried out chemical modification, the microecological environment in the soil body, the ecological environment that applicable mining area is more fragile will not be destroyed.
The method can be widely applied to minery under non-water body, has, in particular for earth's surface, the mining area that to a certain degree soil body covers, passes through
Improve the moisture content of the earth's surface soil body and control the growth of soil mass crack, and then reach because of the control of underground mining table soil erosion, with
And the protection additional environmental benefit such as ground flora, soil protection quality.The method is simple, with low cost, and benefit is obvious, is suitable to
Popularization and application on a large scale.
Under natural conditions, the process of dynamic depression can artificially be divided into two stages, as Fig. 2 nature depression process resistance to shear of soil is distributed
Shown in state and deformation distribution two dimensional model.First stage is mainly the original soil body to be occurred under vertical direction after deep is mined out
Heavy, i.e. in Fig. 2, a schemes the stage of b figure.Soil body bottom, mined out rear earth's surface, deep loses supporting, the sinking of vertical direction occurs
With soil body deformation and the change of stress.In Fig. 2, there is subsidence basin in b figure, and middle low, surrounding is hillside fields.At the bottom of the slope in hillside fields
Toppling at the bottom of slope due to the domatic soil body in region, to the stress of intermediate formation extruding at the bottom of slope, thus can form ground surface soil under action of gravity
Body crush zone 2.Peripheral Po Ding region under gravity to formation tension of toppling at the bottom of slope, thus forms ground due to the domatic soil body
Table soil body tension district 3.Under naturalness, soil body tensile strength is more weak, there will be link in tension district 3 due to the effect of tension
Destroy, i.e. form the vertical separation fracture of the b figure tension district 3 earth's surface soil body in Fig. 2.
Second stage mainly subsidence basin forms the stage of backward peripheral expansion, i.e. in Fig. 2, b schemes the stage of c figure.Deep
The work surface of exploitation is pushed further into, and subsidence scope can develop further along goaf, deep developing direction.First stage
The Po Ding region in the hillside fields formed can sink, and is formed at the bottom of the slope in new hillside fields.In Fig. 2, tension district 3 joint performance of b figure is turned into figure
The crush zone 2 of c figure in 2, in Fig. 2, tension district 4 joint performance of intending of b figure is turned into the tension district 3 of c figure in Fig. 2.C in Fig. 2
The soil body in Tu Xin tension district 3 can form new vertical separation fracture under action of pulling stress.Water due to underground mineral exploitation work surface
Horizontal sliding is entered and the reasons such as periodic weighting, and second stage can happen over and over again.
Two stages of above-mentioned dynamic depression process all can form new soil body separation fracture, earth's surface, and the scheme using the present invention to provide can
To be prevented effectively from the formation of above procedure separation fracture, suppress soil erosion.In the first stage of dynamic depression, first according to deep
The position of exploitation, determine earth's surface will the position of depression, as Fig. 3 sprays in dynamic depression process cranny development two dimensional model in advance
Shown in a figure.After plan depression position determines, first delimit and intend crush zone 11 and intend tension district 4, carry out the relevant soil body in plan tension district 4
The mensuration of character, the index such as including moisture content, plastic limit, liquid limit, water penetration, dilatancy.Determine that suppression soil body separation fracture is grown
Required moisture content, and the moisture content and sprinkling irrigation amount determining that needs sprinkling irrigation improves is calculated according to soil body natural moisture content.Intend tension
District 4 can delimit into sprinkling irrigation district 5, delimit sprinkling irrigation district 5 after, can implement sprinkling irrigation, as in Fig. 3 a figure shown in.Sprinkling irrigation
Need to complete before the depression first stage occurs, and make the soil moisture content of entirety be adjusted.If soil body water penetration is poor,
The soil body of deeper can not be adjusted in time, can accelerate to carry out aqueous to deep soil by supplementary modes such as micropore water fillings
The adjustment of rate.Before the plan tension district 4 on the top, slope, depression hillside fields owing to being formed is formed, the moisture content of the soil body has been adjusted,
The soil body there occurs certain expansion, and plasticity have also been obtained raising.So after depression, tension district that top, slope, hillside fields is formed 3 (b in Fig. 3
Figure), obvious soil body separation fracture can't be formed under pre-sprinkling irrigation effect, grow energy in the separation fracture of dynamic depression first stage
It is effectively controlled.
After dynamically the sinking of the mined out rear vertical direction in first stage deep of depression process completes, i.e. in Fig. 3, a schemes b figure process
After completing, dynamic depression enters second stage, i.e. subsidence basin and forms the stage of backward peripheral expansion.First stage complete after shape
Becoming hillside fields, the Po Ding position in hillside fields forms tension district 3.Owing to deep mining work surface is intended pushing ahead, so extending toward peripheral
Region then becomes will tension district 3 Ji Ni tension district 4.In second stage, i.e. Fig. 3, b schemes the process of c figure, in this mistake
Journey is sent out before death, first delimit crush zone 2, tension district 3 at earth's surface correspondence position and intend tension district 4.Intend tension district 4 position i.e. under
One step is implemented to spray in advance position.So needing intending tension district 4 and carry out the mensuration of relevant soil mass property, including moisture content, plastic limit,
The indexs such as liquid limit, water penetration, dilatancy.Determine the moisture content required for the growth of suppression soil body separation fracture, and natural according to the soil body
Moisture content calculates and determines the moisture content and sprinkling irrigation amount needing sprinkling irrigation to improve.Exploitation of mineral resources face width and periodic weighting under base area
Step pitch determines the length and width in sprinkling irrigation territory, district 5, i.e. determines sprinkling irrigation scope.Intend tension district 4 can delimit into sprinkling irrigation district 5,
After delimiting sprinkling irrigation district 5, sprinkling irrigation can be implemented, as shown in Figure 3 b.The sprinkling irrigation time needs to occur in depression second stage
Before, i.e. sprinkling irrigation needs to intend completing before tension district 4 becomes tension district 3 in depression, and makes the soil moisture content of entirety be adjusted
Whole.If soil body water penetration is poor, the soil body of deeper can not be adjusted in time, can pass through the supplementary modes such as micropore water filling,
Accelerate deep soil is carried out the adjustment of moisture content.Before being formed due to the tension district 3 on top, new slope, depression hillside fields, the soil body aqueous
Rate has been adjusted, and the soil body there occurs certain expansion, and plasticity have also been obtained raising.So the tension on new top, slope, depression hillside fields
District 3 (c figure in Fig. 3), can't form obvious soil body separation fracture, in dynamic depression second stage under pre-sprinkling irrigation effect
Separation fracture grow can be effectively controlled, soil erosion thus be effectively controlled.Second stage depression hillside fields is developed to the periphery
After, the crush zone 2 that the first stage is formed becomes stable region 1 after settlement stability, and it is crush zone 2 that tension district 3 continues depression, intends
Tension district 4 can be further developed into as tension district 3, and formation is intended tension district 4 again by periphery.Along with deep mining work surface persistently pushes away
Enter the plan tension district 4 that need nonetheless remain for new to spray, thus persistently 3, the tension district of formation is developed in suppression depression hillside fields continuously
The formation in crack, i.e. reaches the purpose of Sustainable Control underground mineral Subsidence Area earth's surface soil erosion.
By the pre-sprinkling irrigation to plan tension district 4 of the early stage in above-mentioned two stage, have adjusted the moisture content of the soil body, the soil body is carried out
Modified.The method of pre-sprinkling irrigation achieves the effective suppression growing dynamic depression different phase soil body separation fracture, controls sub-terrain mines
Produce the soil erosion of earth's surface, Subsidence Area, and then achieve mining area surface soil body water and soil conservation and the control of soil quality.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and former
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within then, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground, it is characterised in that include
Following steps:
Step one, deep gob edge line is projected to earth's surface straight up, forms ground line on earth's surface,
Setting cycle water component is L, divides the scope between ground line and outside 1L equal space line into plan tension
District, divides the scope between ground line and inside 0.5L equal space line into tension district, by equidistant for inside 0.5L
Scope between line and inwardly 1L equal space line divides crush zone into, the scope within inside 1L equal space line is divided into
Stable region；
Step 2, intend tension district measure the soil body character, including to soil moisture content MC, plastic limit WP、
Liquid limit WL, dry density ρ and the mensuration of original state soil body Infiltration speed k, measure regulation unit volume soil
Moisture content MC is to liquid limit WLRequired water yield V1；
Step 3, the data calculating rate of water make-up V=S × V obtained according to step 21× H, spray time t=H/k,
Sprinkling irrigation flow Q=V/t, wherein V1It is that regulation unit volume soil moisture content is to liquid limit WLThe required water yield,
H is the degree of depth needing to regulate the soil body of moisture content set, and the area S=L in S Shi Ni tension district × W, W is
Work surface driving width；
Step 4, enforcement sprinkling irrigation above plan tension district, rate of water make-up, sprinkling irrigation time, sprinkling irrigation flow are by step
Three calculate acquisition.
A kind of side controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground the most as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: the method that described sprinkling irrigation is used is spray or micropore water filling.
A kind of side controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground the most as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: described sprinkling irrigation is sprinkling irrigation continuously or interval sprinkling irrigation.
A kind of side controlling the earth's surface soil erosion of stratiform exploitation of mineral resources Subsidence Area, underground the most as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: full between sprinkling irrigation time t and deep work surface driving speed u and periodic weighting step pitch L
Foot relation t≤L/u, to guarantee that destroying the soil body before the soil body links at dynamic depression action of pulling stress has been changed
Property.
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