CN104846441A - Cutting preparation method of nickel-based single-crystal alloy seed crystal for casting - Google Patents
Cutting preparation method of nickel-based single-crystal alloy seed crystal for casting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting preparation method of a nickel-based single-crystal alloy seed crystal for casting. The cutting preparation method comprises the following steps of firstly machining a test rod or test plate which is used for preparing a seed crystal to obtain a test block with an upper parallel section and a lower parallel section, and carrying out polishing treatment on one of the parallel sections of the test block to obtain a polished surface; fixing the test block with the polished surface upward in the center of a rotating disc of an X-ray stress tester, marking a direction on the polished surface of the test block; determining an X-ray diffraction angle of a test block material, and scanning the psi angle and angle of the test block by utilizing the X-ray stress tester; carrying out the single-crystal directional cutting of the psi angle and an deflection angle by utilizing a wire cutting machine; finally preparing the seed crystal. The cutting preparation method disclosed by the invention has excessively low requirement on the orientation of an original single-crystal test rod, can directly obtain the seed crystal with orientational characteristics of (001), (011) and (111) through cutting and is low in processing cost. The seed crystal obtained through cutting has the advantages of high accuracy, good repeatability, high surface smoothness and no reprocessing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ni base and Ni
3the seed crystal accurate pointing cutting preparation method of Al based single-crystal high-temperature alloy casting is the seed crystal Ni base single crystal alloy with arbitrary orientation being become have (001), (011) or (111) crystalline orientation feature by measuring with mechanical workout furtherly.
Background technology
The performance-critical improving aero gas turbine engine is the performance improving military service material.Ni base single crystal turbine blade is that in turbine engine, service condition technical difficulty requires a maximum key part, very harsh to the service demand of its material.Because Ni single crystal alloy has anisotropic feature, the turbine blade being (111) orientation along axle will have higher, more stable high-temperature behavior.Research shows: Ni-6.8Al-13.8Mo-6W alloy (111) crystal orientation 980 DEG C, rupture life under 280MPa condition is 9 times of (001) crystal orientation, the time producing 1% creep is 41 times of (001) crystal orientation; The Young's modulus of room temperature (111) orientation is almost 2 times of (001) orientation, even if under the high temperature of 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C, (111) creep rupture strength ratio (001) orientation of orientation is high by more than 10% ~ 15%, and creep rupture life is high 3 times.And show obvious preferred orientation (generally along thermograde direction namely: (001) direction) by the single crystal blade direction of growth that screw selecting crystallization obtains, and often with axially there is certain drift angle in this preferred orientation, makes the high-temperature service performance of single crystal blade obviously decline.Production practice show, account for more than 30% of turnout owing to departing from (001) more than the scrap rate that 20 ° produce by the turbine blade of screw selecting crystallization directional freeze, be difficult to by the method the blade being oriented to (111) in addition.
Seed-grain method refers to the single crystal gone out by melting seed crystal top end surface epitaxy, and the orientation of single crystal obtained by this method and the orientation of seed crystal keep strict conformance.At present, the preparation of seed-grain method is commonly and the single crystal choosing and have (001), (011) or (111) orientation characteristic cuts and prepares seed crystal, and the drift angle of seed crystal on crystalline orientation that method obtains thus has randomness and uncontrollability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to as the casting of seed-grain method directional freeze Ni based single-crystal high-temperature alloy provides a kind of (001), (011), (111) the seed crystal preparation method with high precision, high-level efficiency, high reliability.Coupon (or test plate (panel)) for the preparation of seed crystal can be the Ni based single-crystal high-temperature alloy with arbitrary orientation.In addition, after cutting, the orientation of obtained seed crystal has the consistence of height with repeatable, and then improves castability and the orientation stability of the Ni based single-crystal high-temperature alloy obtained by seed-grain method.
The invention provides a kind of cutting preparation method cast with Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal, comprise the steps:
The first step, to the test block obtaining having upper and lower parallel cut after carrying out mechanical workout for the preparation of the coupon of seed crystal or test plate (panel), carries out polishing process to one of them parallel cut of test block, obtains polished face.
Second step, is steadily fixed on the center of turntable of x-ray stress analyzer upward by test block polished face, and on test block polished face, carries out straight line and arrow mode marks, on label orientation and x-ray stress analyzer
direction is parallel.
3rd step, determines the x-ray diffraction angle of test block material, carries out optimum configurations to x-ray stress analyzer.
4th step, utilize x-ray stress analyzer to the ψ angle of test block and
angle is scanned.
Coarse scan method: fix 2 θ and the sweep limit setting ψ angle with
the sweep limit at angle.For reducing cutting quantity as far as possible, generally do not cut and depart from the test block of special angle more than more than 30 °, namely ψ angular scan range is 0 to 30 °,
angular scan range is 0 ° to 360 °; Coarse scan ψ with
the each increment in angle is respectively 0.5 ° and 5 °, that is: often feed a ψ angle,
namely angle rotates to 360 ° from 0 ° with increment 5 °.Record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time these two angle ψ,
Essence sweeps method: fix the ψ angle of recording in 2 θ and coarse scan, right
angle is carried out
scope in scanning.Scanning step is 0.5 °, record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time
angle.
5th step, utilize wire cutting machine realize go ψ,
the monocrystalline directional cutting of drift angle;
6th step, carries out the preparation of seed crystal to the test block obtained after monocrystalline directional cutting.
Preferably, use the surface of centerless grinding machine to the seed crystal that the 6th step prepares to carry out ground finish and improve seed crystal face quality.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, original monocrystalline coupon orientation is required extremely low (for reducing cutting quantity, departing from should more than 45 ° for cutting orientation).
2, cutting facility is simple and easy, without the need to importer's external equipment, directly can be had the seed crystal of (001), (011), (111) orientation characteristic by cutting.
3, tooling cost is low.
4, the seed crystal precision obtained is cut high, favorable repeatability.
5, seed crystal face is highly polished, without the need to reprocessing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Ni based single-crystal high-temperature alloy parallel cut cutting schematic diagram with arbitrary orientation.
Fig. 2 a little turns for having
the x-ray stress analyzer 350AC test philosophy schematic diagram of connection mechanism's function at angle.
Fig. 3 is test block normal direction and crystalline orientation (this figure is for (001) orientation sample) relation and cut surface schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of fixture and the test block clamping adopted in the present invention;
Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B are respectively indexing plate, the test block chuck detailed schematic that fixture of the present invention uses.
Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B are respectively have (001) of preparing through the inventive method and measure orientation analysis sectional drawing with (111) crystal orientation seed crystal Laue spot.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
The cutting preparation method of casting Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal provided by the invention, concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, to the test block obtaining having upper and lower parallel cut after carrying out mechanical workout for the preparation of the coupon of seed crystal or test plate (panel), as shown in Figure 1, along dotted line position cutting coupon or test plate (panel), obtains the test block that upper and lower surface is parallel.Polishing process is carried out to one of them parallel cut of test block, obtains polished face.
Polishing treatment condition: use the one side in 60#, 180#, 400#, 800#, 1500# silicon carbide paper polishing test block parallel cut successively, to remove the forming residual stress on this surface.
Second step, is steadily fixed on x-ray stress analyzer upward and (is produced to have by Handan Ace special stress technique application company limited and a little turn by test block polished face
the x-ray stress analyzer 350AC of connection mechanism's function at angle) center of turntable, as Fig. 2, and on test block polished face, carry out straight line with thin marking pen and arrow mode marks, on label orientation and x-ray stress analyzer
direction is parallel.
3rd step, determining the x-ray diffraction angle of test block material by consulting pertinent literature (SSCS or relevant Pdf card), in the software that x-ray stress analyzer is supporting, inputting corresponding parameter (parameter such as diffraction angle 2 θ, gate time, counting range).
4th step, utilize x-ray stress analyzer to the ψ angle of test block and
angle is scanned.
Coarse scan method: fix 2 θ and the sweep limit setting ψ angle with
the sweep limit at angle.For reducing cutting quantity as far as possible, generally do not cut and depart from the test block of special angle more than more than 30 °, namely ψ angular scan range is 0 to 30 °,
angular scan range is 0 ° to 360 °; Coarse scan ψ with
the each increment in angle is respectively 0.5 ° and 5 °, that is: often feed a ψ angle,
namely angle rotates to 360 ° from 0 ° with increment 5 °.Record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time these two angle ψ,
Essence sweeps method: fix the ψ angle of recording in 2 θ and coarse scan, right
angle is carried out
scope in scanning.Scanning step is 0.5 °, record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time
angle.
5th step, utilize wire cutting machine (the DK7732 wire cutting machine that the capable machine tool company limited in Beijing produces) realize going ψ,
the monocrystalline directional cutting of drift angle;
Test block is fixedly clamped on fixture, realizes monocrystalline directional cutting.
Described fixture as shown in Figure 4, comprises rectangular parallelepiped base 1, support 2, bull stick 3, cage knob 4 and chuck 5, and described rectangular parallelepiped base 1 and support 2 are formed in one structure, and support 2 is vertical with rectangular parallelepiped base 1, is " ⊥ " type.Support 2 is vertical; Bull stick 3 is cylindrical structural, axis horizontal, one end of bull stick 3 is fixed on support 2, and the other end arranges chuck 5, as Fig. 5 B, described chuck 5 comprises two pieces of flat boards and two screw rods, wherein one flat plate is fixed on bull stick 3, and another one flat plate is portable plate, when being used for clamping test block, test block is clamped between two pieces of flat boards, and is fixedly clamped with screw rod; Arrange the cage knob 4 of fixing bull stick 3 on the top of support 2, described bull stick 3 can rotate around own axes and then regulate
angle, is fixed by cage knob 4 after adjusting to set angle.The fixed form of described bull stick 3 on support 2 is on support 2, be provided with horizontal through hole or horizontal blind hole, the major diameter fit of aperture and bull stick 3; Be communicated with a vertical through hole to be used for arranging cage knob 4 with described horizontal through hole or horizontal blind hole, one end of bull stick 3 is inserted in described horizontal through hole or horizontal blind hole, after bull stick 3 rotates proper angle, is fixed by cage knob 4.Have an indexing plate 6 concentric with the center of circle, cross section of bull stick 3 at bull stick 3 end, as Fig. 5 A, indexing plate 6 is drawn on support 2, and 0 ° of scale direction of indexing plate 6 is parallel with the vertical axis of support 2.The clamping requirement of test block 7 on fixture is: the normal orientation of test block 7 polished face and the axis being parallel of bull stick 3, and on test block 7 polished face, label orientation is parallel with ° scale marks of 0 on indexing plate 6; During fixing rectangular parallelepiped base 1, the long limit of rectangular parallelepiped base 1 should be parallel to the straight line in Linear cut guide rail direction.By bull stick 3 along x-ray stress analyzer
rotating disk scanning direction, angle rotates extremely
angle Position.Cutting on line equipment sets cut direction as becoming the straight line at ψ angle with Linear cut silk guide rail direction (linear cutting equipment-x-axis direction), carry out first time cutting, obtain the first cut surface.Afterwards the other end of test block is cut, make the second cut surface be parallel to the first cut surface completely.Require: the two parallel cut spacing at least 20mm (be two parallel cuts before not cutting, interplanar distance is relevant with test block size) after cutting.
6th step, carries out the preparation of seed crystal to the test block obtained after monocrystalline directional cutting.
By the first cut surface of test block or the second cut surface, bond on the thick conducting plates of 1mm with seccotine (502 rapid dry glue), only bonded edge is used for fixing.Described conducting plates selects No. 45 steel plates or other conducting platess to replace, and object is to provide fixing.To the placement of the conducting plates level of test block be with and be fixed on guide rail.Now, test block first cut surface or the second cut surface should be parallel with the XOY plane (being the coordinate axis of DK7732 wire cutting machine itself, in other words cut surface and plane-parallel) crossing Linear cut guide rail.By being programmed in cylinder test block cutting Φ 3.2 × 20mm, the seed shaft that cutting obtains, to being parallel to test block surface normal direction, can obtain the seed crystal rod that axis direction is specific orientation.
7th step, uses centerless grinding machine (the centerless grinding machine MT1040A that Wuxi one machine grinding machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd produces) equipment to carry out ground finish to seed crystal rod surface and improves seed crystal face quality.
embodiment 1
The first step, Linear cut is carried out to the cuboid-type test plate (panel) for making (001) direction seed crystal, obtain the test block (28 × 27 × 27mm) with upper and lower parallel cut, and to test block wherein a parallel cut use 60#, 180#, 400#, 800#, 1500# silicon carbide paper to polish successively, obtain polished face.
Second step, as the x-ray stress analyzer that is steadily fixed on of test block (is produced to have by Handan Ace special stress technique application company limited and a little turned by Fig. 2
x-ray stress analyzer-the 350AC of connection mechanism's function at angle) center of turntable, and on the polished face of test block, carry out initial markers with thin marking pen, make marks with
direction is consistent;
3rd step, determine that tested block of material 2 θ angle (x-ray diffraction angle) is set as 79.6 ° by consulting pertinent literature (SSCS or relevant Pdf card), the sweep limit at ψ angle is 0 to 30 °, setting
the sweep limit at angle is 0 ° to 360 °, ψ angle with
the each increment in angle be respectively 0.5 ° and 5 ° carry out coarse scanning.ψ is found in coarse scanning process
1=18.5 °,
the strongest diffraction of Shi Fasheng.2 θ angles, ψ are fixed to test block
1(=18.5 °) angle,
approximate angle rotates
angle (scanning
scope),
angle rotation increments is 0.5 ° and carries out essence scanning.Obtain by observing X-ray diffraction peak
the strongest diffraction is there is when being 59.5 °.
4th step, is parallel to 0 ° of direction that the label orientation of bull stick 3 axially and on polished face is in indexing plate 6, clamping test block (as Fig. 4) by test block polished face normal direction.By the bull stick 3 of test block 7 along x-ray stress analyzer
rotating disk scanning direction, angle rotates to 59.5 ° of positions.Cutting on line equipment setting cut direction is become the straight line of 18.5 ° with linear cutting equipment-XO direction of principal axis, carries out first time cutting, obtains the first cut surface.After cutting, again cut in the position of distance the first cut surface 20mm, make the second cut surface, the first cut surface after cutting and the second cut surface are parallel to each other, and cutting profile as shown in Figure 3.
5th step, bonds to the first cut surface seccotine (502 rapid dry glue) of test block on No. 45 thick steel plates of 1mm, by Interal fixation on the guide rail of wire cutting machine.By being programmed in cylinder test block 7 cutting Φ 3.2 × 20mm, the seed shaft that cutting obtains, to being parallel to test block surface normal direction, can obtain the seed crystal that axis direction is specific orientation.
6th step, seed crystal face obtains the seed crystal with best bright finish through grinding machine processing.
The JF-2 type x-ray crystal analysis instrument that the end face of obtained seed crystal be have employed to Liaodong Ray Instrument Co., Ltd., Dandong's production carries out orientation analysis.Fig. 6 A is sample Laue test analysis figure after (001) direction cuts, and visible, test block is corrected as present 2.5 ° by original 18.5 °, 001 direction of departing from.
embodiment 2
The first step, as Fig. 1 carries out Linear cut to the cuboid-type test plate (panel) for making (111) direction seed crystal, obtain two pieces of upper and lower test blocks (29 × 25 × 34mm) having parallel cut, and to test block wherein parallel cut use 60#, 180#, 400#, 800#, 1500# silicon carbide paper polishing, obtain polished face.
Second step, as the x-ray stress analyzer that is steadily fixed on of test block (is produced to have by Handan Ace special stress technique application company limited and a little turned by Fig. 2
x-ray stress analyzer-the 350AC of connection mechanism's function at angle) center of turntable, polished face, and carries out initial markers with thin marking pen upward on the polished face of test block, with x-ray stress analyzer
direction is consistent;
3rd step, 2 θ angles of x-ray stress analyzer are set as 68.7 °, and the sweep limit at ψ angle is 0 to 30 °, setting
the sweep limit at angle is 0 ° to 360 °.ψ with
the each increment in angle is respectively 0.5 ° and 5 °.ψ is found in bigness scale process
2=28 °,
the strongest diffraction of Shi Fasheng.Respectively 2 θ angles, ψ (=28 °) angle are fixed to test block, rotate
angle (scope 105 ~ 125 °), rotation increments is 0.5 °.Obtain by observing X-ray diffraction peak
it is 113.5 °.
4th step, is parallel to bull stick 3 axially and initial markers direction is in 0 ° of direction of indexing plate 6, clamping test block (as Fig. 4) by test block polished face normal direction.By the bull stick 3 of test block along x-ray stress analyzer
rotating disk scanning direction, angle rotates to 113.5 ° of positions.Cutting on line equipment is programmed, and setting cut direction is become the straight line of 28 ° with linear cutting equipment-XO direction of principal axis, carries out first time and cuts, obtain the first cut surface.After cutting, again cut in the position of distance the first cut surface 20mm, obtain the second cut surface, the first cut surface obtained after cutting is parallel with the second cut surface.
5th step, bonds to the first cut surface of test block or the second cut surface seccotine (502 rapid dry glue) on No. 45 thick steel plates of 1mm, by Interal fixation on the guide rail of wire cutting machine.By being programmed in cylinder test block cutting Φ 3.2 × 20mm, the seed shaft that cutting obtains, to being parallel to test block surface normal direction, can obtain the seed crystal that axis direction is specific orientation.
6th step, seed crystal face obtains being of a size of Φ 3.2 × 20mm seed crystal through the processing of certain grinding machine.
The JF-2 type x-ray crystal analysis instrument that the end face of obtained seed crystal be have employed to Liaodong Ray Instrument Co., Ltd., Dandong's production carries out orientation analysis.Fig. 6 B is sample Laue test analysis figure after (111) direction cuts.Visible, sample is corrected as present 3 ° by original 28 °, 111 direction of departing from.
The present invention uses the Ni based single-crystal high-temperature alloy with arbitrary orientation to carry out the preparation of (001), (011) or (111) direction crystalline orientation feature seed crystal, not only can be laboratory to test anisotropic monocrystalline coupon the seed crystal with low drift angle, high precision, high reliability is provided, also can provide casting high-quality seed crystal for producing turbine engine single crystal blade.Therefore, the single crystal seed technology adopting patterning method preparation to have specific orientation can provide sound assurance for producing a large amount of high-accuracy experiment and special type.
Claims (4)
1. cast the cutting preparation method with Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal, it is characterized in that:
The first step, obtains the test block that has upper and lower parallel cut after carrying out mechanical workout for the preparation of the coupon of seed crystal or test plate (panel), carries out polishing process, obtain polished face to one of them parallel cut of test block;
Second step, is steadily fixed on the center of turntable of x-ray stress analyzer upward by test block polished face, and on test block polished face, carries out straight line and arrow mode marks, on label orientation and x-ray stress analyzer
direction is parallel;
3rd step, determines the x-ray diffraction angle of test block material, carries out optimum configurations to x-ray stress analyzer;
4th step, utilize x-ray stress analyzer to the ψ angle of test block and
angle is scanned;
Coarse scan method: fix 2 θ and the sweep limit setting ψ angle with
the sweep limit at angle, record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time these two angle ψ,
Essence sweeps method: fix the ψ angle of recording in 2 θ and coarse scan, right
angle is carried out
scope in scanning; Scanning step is 0.5 °, record occur X diffraction the strongest diffraction time
angle;
5th step, utilize wire cutting machine realize go ψ,
the monocrystalline directional cutting of drift angle;
6th step, carries out the preparation of seed crystal to the test block obtained after monocrystalline directional cutting.
2. a kind of cutting preparation method cast with Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in coarse scan method, ψ angular scan range is 0 to 30 °,
angular scan range is 0 ° to 360 °; Coarse scan ψ with
the each increment in angle is respectively 0.5 ° and 5 °, that is: often feed a ψ angle,
namely angle rotates to 360 ° from 0 ° with increment 5 °.
3. a kind of cutting preparation method cast with Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: use the surface of centerless grinding machine to the seed crystal that the 6th step prepares to carry out ground finish and improve seed crystal face quality.
4. a kind of cutting preparation method cast with Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy seed crystal according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the oriented monocrystalline described in the 5th step is cut into and test block is fixedly clamped on fixture, realizes monocrystalline directional cutting;
Described fixture comprises rectangular parallelepiped base, support, bull stick, cage knob and chuck, the described structure that is formed in one with support, and support is vertical with rectangular parallelepiped base, in " ⊥ " type; Rectangular parallelepiped base coordinates with the guide rail on wire cutting machine, and support is vertical; Bull stick is cylindrical structural, axis horizontal, one end of bull stick is fixed on support, the other end arranges chuck, and described chuck comprises two pieces of flat boards and two screw rods, and wherein one flat plate is fixed on bull stick, another one flat plate is portable plate, when being used for clamping test block, test block being clamped between two pieces of flat boards, and being fixedly clamped with screw rod; Arrange the cage knob of fixing bull stick on the top of support, one end of bull stick is inserted in described support, after rotating proper angle, is fixed by cage knob; Have an indexing plate concentric with the center of circle, cross section of bull stick at bull stick end, indexing plate is drawn on support, and 0 ° of scale direction of indexing plate is parallel with the vertical axis of support; The clamping requirement of test block on fixture is: the normal orientation of test block polished face and the axis being parallel of bull stick, and on test block polished face, label orientation is parallel with ° scale marks of 0 on indexing plate; During fixing rectangular parallelepiped base, the long limit of rectangular parallelepiped base should be parallel to the straight line in Linear cut guide rail direction; By bull stick along x-ray stress analyzer
rotating disk scanning direction, angle rotates extremely
angle Position; Cutting on line equipment setting cut direction is the straight line becoming ψ angle with Linear cut silk guide rail direction, carries out first time cutting, obtains the first cut surface; Afterwards the other end of test block is cut, make the second cut surface be parallel to the first cut surface completely; Two parallel cut spacing at least 20mm after cutting.
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| CN110044527A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-07-23 | 成都航大新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of quick measurement nickel-base high-temperature single crystal alloy internal stress |
| CN111216258A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-02 | 西北工业大学 | Method for preparing cast single crystal high-temperature alloy seed crystal by cutting |
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| CN117444140A (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-26 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Secondary orientation controllable polycrystalline test plate wax mould and preparation method of wax mould |
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