CN104831857A - Prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block - Google Patents
Prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block Download PDFInfo
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- CN104831857A CN104831857A CN201410771546.7A CN201410771546A CN104831857A CN 104831857 A CN104831857 A CN 104831857A CN 201410771546 A CN201410771546 A CN 201410771546A CN 104831857 A CN104831857 A CN 104831857A
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Abstract
A prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block. The invention relates to a wall body material aerated concrete and aims to solve the problem that aerated concrete wall-building plastering wet construction is complex in plastering process and a plastered layer is liable to crack, fall-off and cause leakage. The prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block includes an aerated concrete plate or block and a prefabricated board material protective layer. The prefabricated board material protective layer includes a cement fiber board and calcium silicate and is bond to the surface of the aerated concrete plate through nails or/and an adhesive material to form the prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block mounted with the prefabricated board material protective layer. In the invention, an assembly technology is introduced into processing of the prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block, wherein the prefabricated board material protective layer is used for replacing a stress material. The prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block is free of reinforcing steel bars, is convenient to prefabricate, is less in labor intensity and is low in cost and can avoid a problem of cracking during plastering, thereby improving the wet construction method of building and plastering. The prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block can promote wide application of the aerated concrete in the field of building, can improve revolution of wall body, can promote and popularize an assembly wall body and can promote the process of housing industrialization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wall or the roof panel material of building, particularly a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block.
Background technology
This material of gas concrete has occurred about 80 years in the world.Aerated concrete wall build by laying bricks or stones and wet trade of plastering many, building by laying bricks or stones and plastering needs with dedicated mortar, and technique is comparatively complicated, when apply in south also easily generation surface plastering rise rouse, ftracture, come off, the quality problems such as seepage; During application in north China, problem is more serious, also there is freeze thawing problem.
The also assembling body of wall of useful arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel assembling; not only also there is above-mentioned problem of plastering; and because of gas concrete density little; to steel anti-corrosion protection ability; need to carry out preservative treatment to reinforcing bar, also need by special equipment screwing steel bars mesh sheet, then be installed in aerated concrete panel; therefore prefabricated processing arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel comparatively bothers, consumes reinforcing bar, cost is high, and the assembling body of wall of this arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel assembling for many years does not obtain more popularization.
Although gas concrete has certain heat-insulating property, the requirement as energy-saving heat-insulating wall can not be met far away to heating districts, even also not meet the demands in the energy-saving heat preserving performance of hot-summer and cold-winter area aerated concrete wall.In air-entrained concrete building block gap, masonry mortar is heat bridge, loss amount of heat, and need to build by laying bricks or stones with thermal insulation mortar for reducing masonry mortar heat bridge, also cumbersome, cost is high.Now for improving the energy-saving heat preserving effect of aerated concrete wall, need the density reducing gas concrete, to increase its heat-insulating property, but cause the reduction of intensity, this is a contradiction.
Gas concrete is that steam pressure health is produced, and quality stability is good, shrinks little, has certain heat-insulating property, lightweight, cost is low, and this is its very large advantage.
For avoiding the common quality defect of aerated concrete wall, play the advantage of gas concrete, convenient construction is installed, and be conducive to the application of low-density gas concrete, the present invention proposes a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block, to solve the problem described in background technology.
A kind of precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block, it comprises aerated concrete panel or block, prefabricated panels topping; Described prefabricated panels topping is cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board or metal sheet;
With nail, prefabricated panels topping is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block; or with cementitious materials, prefabricated panels topping is pasted the surface of aerated concrete panel or block; or jointly prefabricated panels topping is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block with nail and cementitious materials, form a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block that prefabricated panels topping is installed.
Technique effect of the present invention:
1, assembling technology is incorporated in precast aerated concrete plate or block by the present invention, both the surface plastering layer of traditional aerated concrete wall or plate had been instead of with cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board, again simultaneously as length of load bearing material, do not need with steel, batch production quick prefabricated, with artificial few, cost is low.
2, fast by the aerated concrete wall installation rate of precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block assembling, need not plaster, masonry mortar heat bridge does not occur, need not build by laying bricks or stones with thermal insulation mortar, consume artificial material in construction few, so cost is low.
3, the present invention is not needing, under the condition consuming steel, to add the bending resistance effective height h in aerated concrete panel cross section
0, more favourable to the bending resistance of precast aerated concrete plate; The present invention can increase the intensity of low-density aerated concrete panel or block, can give full play to its good heat insulation, again can the advantage of guaranteed strength.
4, wide application of the present invention.
Different according to the thermal transmittance required body of wall, select different precast aerated concrete plates or block.The precast aerated concrete plate of embodiment one or block are mainly used in summer thermally district, install and form assembling installation energy-saving heat preserving exterior wall, and be applied to partition wall.The precast aerated concrete plate of embodiment three or block can be applicable to heating districts and hot-summer and cold-winter area area.The present invention is applicable to the different building of energy-saving heat preserving requirement, in the building in Different climate district.
Precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block both may be used for non-bearing filling body of wall, can also be used for the bearing wall as individual layer, low layer or multistory building, and precast aerated concrete plate also can be used as roof panel.
5, the present invention will thoroughly reverse the mounting means of this material of current gas concrete on construction wall, the light wall material of this cheapness of gas concrete will be promoted, be more widely used at building field, promote wall reform, promote universal assembling body of wall, promote Process of Housing Industrialization.
In the present invention, the specification of precast aerated concrete block should be larger, described specification should refer to more greatly that its specification exceedes present common light block specification, such as by windowsill height, one deck or two layers of precast aerated concrete bulk (or being referred to as a skin or two skin bulks) can be installed, its length should be as far as possible long in the scope that construction has feasibility, or this bulk is referred to as " plate ", can speed of application be accelerated, reduce seam wet trade, good integrity, assembling degree is high.
The size of precast aerated concrete plate or block should be accurate, and error should be as far as possible little, builds by laying bricks or stones with thin layer mortar, or thin layer mortar is referred to as bonding adhesive, and because building mortar layer is very thin, mortar joint is just negligible on the impact of heat transfer.Adopt body of wall or the roof panel of precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block, as long as it is just passable to handle seam well, just need not plaster again.
The invention solves since gas concrete is born, aerated concrete wall built by laying bricks or stones and plastering construction technique falls behind, trouble, floated coat easily ftractures, efflorescence, the common quality defect that comes off, good endurance, can promote the sound development of gas concrete industry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or the block sectional drawing of embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is embodiment three when also increasing insulation layer 3, a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block sectional drawing, and there is prefabricated panels topping 2 both sides;
Fig. 3 is the insulation layer 3 of embodiment three when being two kinds of heat insulating materials, a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block sectional drawing, and such as external insulation layer is rock wool, and base insulating layer is EPS plate, prefabricated panels topping 2;
Fig. 4 is a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or the block sectional drawing of embodiment three, has aerated concrete panel or block, have prefabricated panels topping on the surface of gas concrete in the both sides of insulation layer 3.
The structure of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 can increase the fireproof performance of body of wall in indoor and outdoor both sides be made up of precast aerated concrete plate or block, and Fig. 4 both sides have gas concrete also to increase rigidity.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one: Fig. 1, a kind of precast aerated concrete plate of present embodiment or block, it is made up of aerated concrete panel or block 1, prefabricated panels topping 2; Described prefabricated panels topping 2 is cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board or metal sheet;
With nail 5, prefabricated panels topping 2 is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block 1, or with cementitious materials 4, prefabricated panels topping 2 is pasted the surface of aerated concrete panel or block 1, or jointly prefabricated panels topping 2 is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block 1 with nail 5 and cementitious materials 4, form a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block that prefabricated panels topping is installed;
Described prefabricated panels topping 2 is arranged on the surface (be arranged on both sides more, may only need to install in side in some situations) at aerated concrete panel or block 1.
Cementitious materials 4 selects water soluble adhesive to be advisable, and water soluble adhesive kind is more, should select the good kind of durability.
Cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board are high temperature, high pressure is produced; quality stability is good; its quality is far away higher than the mortar cover manually plastered in job site; select suitable cementitious materials or also add nail fixing; being fixed on aerated concrete panel or block in factory by prefabricated panels topping, can not there is the common quality defects such as topping cracking in the aerated concrete wall installed by precast aerated concrete plate or block like this.
The difference of present embodiment and public technology is,
All at present as the template of cast-in-place material using cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board, as built light heat insulation material, the concreting of foam cement, benzene plate particle and cement, be template at both sides cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board, form Light trabs or form the concrete of not form removal.And this material of aerated concrete panel is steam curing bulk gas concrete out (3 ~ 6m long not etc.); then bulk gas concrete is cut into building block or plate; do not need when forming aerated concrete panel with prefabricated panels topping as template; so expect installing prefabricated panels topping on the surface of aerated concrete panel with regard to nobody; solve present aerated concrete wall to build by laying bricks or stones and plastering construction process cumbersome, backwardness, and the more troublesome problem of quality control.
On the surface of aerated concrete panel, prefabricated panels topping is not installed at present; composition has prefabricated panels topping; the regulation of precast aerated concrete plate or block or case history; therefore the problem described in background technology is not all solved for many years; this illustrates that present embodiment is that prior art is unexistent, neither be apparent.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is; present embodiment with prefabricated panels topping 2 as length of load bearing material; for net (as gauze wire cloth, the Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh) tension of alternative reinforcing bar tension or alternative tension or alternative pressure zone concrete compression, (body of wall is under positive wine pressure, negative blast alternating action; prefabricated panels topping is tension, sometimes pressurized sometimes); and as anti-shearing material (build and be subject to shearing force effect when wall plane has displacement), described prefabricated panels topping 2 is cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board.Cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board have tension, resistance to compression and shear strength in anchor.Body of wall or the roofing of the present invention's precast aerated concrete plate composition can carry out Design of Bearing Capacity by concrete structure theory.
Such as cement fibrolite plate tensile strength design load gets the half of full water rupture strength, assuming that full water rupture strength is 13MPa, then tensile strength design load is 6.5MPa.When Cement fibre plate thickness is 5mm, 10mm, the wide cement fibrolite plate of 1m is equivalent to there is 1.1cm respectively
2, 2.2cm
2reinforcing bar, partition wall and exterior wall can be applied to respectively.Cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board are installed to aerated concrete panel or block 1 on the surface after, just be the increase in the intensity of aerated concrete panel or block, more be conducive to the application of low-density Aerated concrete products, its good heat insulation can be given full play to, again can the advantage of guaranteed strength.
At the surface mount cement fibrolite plate of aerated concrete panel or block compared with arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel, considerably increase the bending resistance height in cross section, more favourable to bending resistance.The thick arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel of such as 100mm, both sides reinforcing steel bar center is apart from being about 60mm, i.e. cross section bending resistance effective height h
0=60mm; If but with the thick aerated concrete panel of 90mm, 5 ~ 6mm solid cement fiberboard is pasted in both sides, forms the precast aerated concrete plate or the block that there are prefabricated panels topping that 100mm is thick, cross section bending resistance effective height h
0=95mm > 60mm.
Present embodiment is for the body of wall adopting precast aerated concrete block composition; although the prefabricated panels topping of the body of wall outside of precast aerated concrete block discontinuous (being equivalent to reinforcing bar broken); Design of Bearing Capacity can not be carried out by concrete structure theory, but conventional masonry infill wall designing requirement can be met.Install in the mortar joint of building by laying bricks or stones and socket reinforcing bar, reach the structure of beam column connection request with major structure of construction, be also fine by present relevant masonry regulation.
The present invention need not in aerated concrete panel arrangement of reinforcement, need not also prefabricated panels protective layer plaster configuration tension net, the present invention prefabricated easy to process, do not need consume reinforcing bar, reduce cost.The net of both sides arrangement of reinforcement or installation tension inside and outside precast aerated concrete plate or block is just equivalent at the surface mount prefabricated panels topping of aerated concrete panel.
Present EU criteria " EN12602 reinforcing bar steam-pressing aero-concrete " standard was wet from the press in August, 2014, and this illustrates it is all adopt arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel in the world, does not install cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board in the side of aerated concrete panel or block.
The present invention using cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board as length of load bearing material, just need not in aerated concrete panel arrangement of reinforcement, otherwise must arrangement of reinforcement in aerated concrete panel.The present invention expands the purposes scope of cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board, and this is unexistent in existing building structure technology, neither be apparent.
Cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board for many years just as ornament materials, or use as the surface layer of the partition wall of lightgage steel joist.Whom has expect, and it can as length of load bearing material, can not making in aerated concrete panel arrangement of reinforcement, and the body of wall of composition can carry out Design of Bearing Capacity by the theory of concrete structure?
The technician of architectural discipline, materials specialty is ignorant of structure knowledge, or known less.Structure discipline technician just utilizes structural theory and traditional length of load bearing material to design wall, plate, beam, post and basis, the people participating in the research of modern wall technology is few, or research is not deeply, understands few, because think that this does not belong to this area of specialization to various ornament materials.All ornament materials all need some strength, but not all ornament materials is all suitable as length of load bearing material, and nobody proposes the Structural design idea that utilizes cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board as length of load bearing material for a long time.
Applicant is structure discipline technician, although applicant with full energy research wall technology near 13 anniversaries, in the former patent document declared, all be unable to do without the net of tension, also think that prefabricated panels decorates use exactly for a long time, also do not propose the theory that it can be used as length of load bearing material for many years.
Applicant needs to carry out interdiscipline, cross-cutting research in research wall technology, except building field, also will understand chemical field, some knowledge of metallography.In building field except building structure, also relate to Building technology, architectural construction, building physics, building thermal technique Deng Duo section knowledge, also need to be grasped multiple building materials, just can broaden one's scope of mind, Appropriate application different materials, optimize wall structure.Applicant is through the research of 12 years multipair wall technologies, and on the basis of each subject knowledge, various material knowledge accumulation, just proposition cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board can as length of load bearing material.
Embodiment three: Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 4, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or two is, present embodiment increases insulation layer 3, described insulation layer 3 is organic insulation material (as EPS plate) or inorganic heat insulation material, or be the mixed material etc. of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, and other can as the material of heat insulating material;
Described insulation layer 3 is same material or is the collocation of different materials, and such as external insulation layer is with rock wool, and inner side insulation layer EPS plate, is shown in Fig. 3;
Described insulation layer 3 is positioned at the side of aerated concrete panel or block 1, or there are aerated concrete panel or block 1 in the both sides of described insulation layer 3; Insulation layer 3 is connected with aerated concrete panel or block 1 (bonding connection, or/and connect by plastic anchor bolt).
Present embodiment adds insulation layer 3 in precast aerated concrete plate or block, further increases the energy-saving heat preserving performance of precast aerated concrete plate or block.When being particularly applied to the exterior wall of heating districts, energy-saving heat preserving requirement can be met.
Embodiment four: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment two or three is, present embodiment ceramsite board or block, rice husk lightweight concrete slab or block substitute aerated concrete panel or block 1.
Present embodiment can expand the selection range of the light wall material having prefabricated panels topping.
Following several structure is had with the body of wall that precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block are formed:
When 1, precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block being installed in frame construction, precast aerated concrete plate or block can be positioned at frame construction beam column completely; Or part is positioned at frame construction beam column, part is positioned at outside frame construction beam column; but center of gravity is still positioned at frame construction beam column; form the filled wall of frame construction; the heating districts compound that preferably prefabricated panels topping and EPS plate bondd outside beam column is installed, and just there is not the heat bridge of beam column.
2 or precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention is installed to outside frame construction completely, by applicant public technology, the beam of framework is established concrete cornice, and (shape that can set up an office cornices, reduce heat bridge), with the support precast aerated concrete plate that cornices, form full outer-enwraped type and be arranged on assembling body of wall in frame construction.
3 or precast aerated concrete plate of the present invention or block are installed on grade beam or sole plate, form self-supporting body of wall, establish collar tie beam, constructional column etc. by the regulation of existing masonry structure, build individual layer, low layer or multistoried building.
Claims (5)
1. precast aerated concrete plate or a block, it comprises aerated concrete panel or block;
It is characterized in that, it also comprises prefabricated panels topping;
Described prefabricated panels topping is cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board or metal sheet;
With nail, prefabricated panels topping is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block; or with cementitious materials, prefabricated panels topping is pasted the surface of aerated concrete panel or block; or jointly prefabricated panels topping is fixed on aerated concrete panel or block with nail and cementitious materials, form a kind of precast aerated concrete plate or block that prefabricated panels topping is installed.
2. a kind of precast aerated concrete plate according to claim 1 or block, is characterized in that,
Using prefabricated panels topping as length of load bearing material, described prefabricated panels topping is cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board; Design of Bearing Capacity can be carried out by the theory of concrete structure to the body of wall formed with precast aerated concrete plate or roofing.
3. a kind of precast aerated concrete plate according to claim 1 or block,
It is characterized in that, it also comprises insulation layer;
Described insulation layer is positioned at the side of aerated concrete panel or block, or there are aerated concrete panel or block in the both sides of described insulation layer; Insulation layer is connected with aerated concrete panel.
4. a kind of precast aerated concrete plate according to claim 2 or block,
It is characterized in that, it also comprises insulation layer;
Described insulation layer is positioned at the side of aerated concrete panel or block, or there are aerated concrete panel or block in the both sides of described insulation layer; Insulation layer is connected with aerated concrete panel.
5. according to a kind of precast aerated concrete plate one of claim 2 ~ 4 Suo Shu or block,
It is characterized in that, substitute aerated concrete panel or block with ceramsite board or block, rice husk lightweight concrete slab or block.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410771546.7A CN104831857A (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2014-12-16 | Prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410048973 | 2014-02-12 | ||
| CN2014100489732 | 2014-02-12 | ||
| CN201410771546.7A CN104831857A (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2014-12-16 | Prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block |
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| CN104831857A true CN104831857A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
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| CN201410771546.7A Pending CN104831857A (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2014-12-16 | Prefabricated aerated concrete plate or block |
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| CN105133738A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-09 | 海安县东方特种建材有限公司 | Composite foaming cement slab |
| CN113187126A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | 重庆君道渝城绿色建筑科技有限公司 | Evaporate and press aerated concrete slab assembled wall body |
| CN114351938A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 重庆恒昇大业建筑科技集团有限公司 | Composite wallboard production method and composite wallboard |
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Application publication date: 20150812 |