CN104820243B - Three-dimensional post-stack seismic data amplitude compensation method and device - Google Patents
Three-dimensional post-stack seismic data amplitude compensation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional post-stack seismic data amplitude compensation method and device. The method includes: in three-dimensional post-stack seismic data, extracting time domain seismic wavelets and a seismic effective frequency band range from an amplitude non-weakening area, and determining a time domain drilling reflection coefficient of a seismic data amplitude weakening area; obtaining a time domain well drilling synthetic seismic recording trace through the time domain seismic wavelets and the time domain well drilling reflection coefficient; obtaining an amplitude spectrum of a seismic trace near a well according to the seismic trace near the well of a time domain in the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data, and obtaining a well drilling synthetic seismic recording trace amplitude spectrum according to a time domain well drilling synthetic seismic recording trace; using the amplitude spectrum of the seismic trace near the well and the well drilling synthetic seismic recording trace amplitude spectrum to obtain an amplitude compensation factor; performing three-dimensional interpolation processing on the amplitude compensation factor in the seismic effective frequency band range; determining the boundary of the amplitude weakening area in the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data; and using the amplitude compensation factor and the boundary of the amplitude weakening area to perform amplitude compensation on the three-dimensional post-stack seismic data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to poststack Seismic Data Processing Technique field, more particularly to a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data amplitude benefit
Compensation method and device.
Background technology
Along with deepening constantly for domestic and international Songliao basin, with seismic data as main interpretation platform synthetically
Matter means of interpretation is widely used, and this image quality to poststack seismic data it is also proposed higher requirement.
During current oil-gas exploration, seismic interpretation works still based on poststack seismic data interpretation, by such as fire
The impact of some high natural impedance particular lithologic bodies such as diagenesis, carbonate rock, its underlying strata Seismic reflection character distortion are especially shaken
Width decay is serious, and image quality is deteriorated, and this is all produced to structure interpretation, tracing of horizons, attributes extraction and wave impedance inversion etc.
Serious impact.The decay pattern of anomaly of the underlying strata amplitude caused for particular lithologic body in poststack seismic data, although root
Can be processed accordingly according to existing Prestack seismic data Imaging processing techniques, be improved image quality, but in certain areas,
The scale of these particular lithologic bodies and its distribution are random, in view of the workload of Prestack seismic data Imaging processing techniques
And cost so that the technology can not be processed for each particular lithologic body, so as to cause some particular lithologic bodies under which
Layer amplitude anomaly decay of throwing oneself on the ground is yet suffered from；And the underlying strata for being currently based on poststack seismic data to cause particular lithologic body
The method processed by amplitude anomaly decay is not also suggested.
The content of the invention
To solve problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data vibration amplitude compensation method and dress
Put, solve the problems, such as the high natural impedance particular lithologic body underlying strata amplitude anomaly decay in three-dimensional poststack seismic data.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data vibration amplitude compensation method, the method bag
Include：
In three-dimensional poststack seismic data, from amplitude, relief regions do not combine seismic trace near well extraction time domain by drilling well
Seismic wavelet and earthquake effective band scope, and determine the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient of seismic data amplitude relief regions；
The time domain seismic wavelet carries out convolution with the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient, obtains time domain drilling well synthesis
Seismic Traces；
To in three-dimensional poststack seismic data time domain seismic trace near well through conversion obtain seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum, pair when
Between domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road obtain drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude spectrum through conversion；
Composed using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and the drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude, by method of least square
Obtain the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band；
The border of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square；
In the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, in the range of each well point corresponding earthquake effective band
The amplitude compensation factor carry out interpolation processing；
Using amplitude relief regions in the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
Border carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data.
Preferably, in the range of the utilization earthquake effective band shake in the amplitude compensation factor, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The step of border of width relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data includes：
In units of three dimensional seismic data main profile, on main profile centered on the seismic channel of boundary place, between grade
Every number and space-number from small to large successively to boundary place seismic channel both sides obtain seismic channel amplitude spectrum respectively with minimum
Square law determines the second amplitude difference factor of both sides seismic channel, until the front second amplitude difference factor for once obtaining is not less than
Till the current second amplitude difference factor for obtaining；Leaned in corresponding two seismic channels of the second amplitude difference factor with current acquisition
Seismic channel on the basis of the seismic channel of nearly amplitude relief regions side, obtains corresponding two ground of the second amplitude difference factor to current
The amplitude spectrum of other arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrums and the benchmark seismic channel between shake road obtains the 3rd by method of least square
The amplitude difference factor；Determine that the amplitude compensation factor on benchmark seismic channel in the range of earthquake effective band deducts the second amplitude difference
The end value that the factor adds 1 again, the current arbitrary seismic channel obtained between corresponding two seismic channels of the first amplitude difference factor are shaken
Width spectrum is multiplied by the end value, and the result of calculation of acquisition obtains currently obtaining the first amplitude difference factor corresponding through inverse transformation
Final amplitude compensation result between two seismic channels；Wherein, the space-number is 2n-1, and n is natural number；
In the range of amplitude relief regions, other seismic channel amplitude spectrums in addition to boundary carries out the seismic channel of amplitude compensation
The amplitude compensation factor being multiplied by the range of the earthquake effective band, the result of calculation of acquisition obtain final amplitude through inverse transformation
Compensation result.
Preferably, in the range of the utilization earthquake effective band shake in the amplitude compensation factor, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The step of border of width relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data also includes：
The adjacent seismic channel of boundary trace and boundary trace both sides to final amplitude compensation result is smoothed.
Preferably, acoustic logging and density log curve of the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient after correction is true
It is fixed.
Preferably, the step that the border of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square
Suddenly include：
In units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, the spacing track number of two seismic channels is determined；And it is effective in earthquake
In frequency band range, the corresponding seismic channel amplitude spectrum of wantonly two seismic channel to meeting spacing track number in three-dimensional poststack seismic data passes through
Method of least square obtains the first amplitude difference factor；Wherein, the spacing track number is odd number, and satisfaction is taking fixed spacing track number
In the range of the maximum of the first amplitude difference factor be unique condition；
The maximum of the first amplitude difference factor is determined according to the first amplitude spectrum difference factor, with by observing three-dimensional poststack
The compensation boundary position that seismic profile in seismic data is obtained is constraint, determines the side of compensation boundary using the maximum
Boundary.
Preferably, the method for the interpolation is kriging analysis method.
For achieving the above object, present invention also offers a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data amplitude compensating arrangement, the device
Including：
Pretreatment unit, for, in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, relief regions do not pass through by drilling well surge well from amplitude
Seismic channel extraction time domain seismic wavelet and earthquake effective band scope, and determine the time domain of seismic data amplitude relief regions
Drilling well reflection coefficient；
Convolution unit, carries out convolution with the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient for the time domain seismic wavelet, obtains
Time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Time-frequency domain converting unit, for obtaining well through conversion to time domain seismic trace near well in three-dimensional poststack seismic data
Other seismic channel amplitude spectrum, obtains drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude through conversion to time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road
Spectrum；
Amplitude compensation factor acquirement unit, for using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and drilling well synthesis earthquake note
Record channel amplitude spectrum, obtains the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band by method of least square；
Border determining unit, for the side of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square
Boundary；
Interpolating unit, in the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, by each well point corresponding earthquake
The amplitude compensation factor in the range of effective band carries out interpolation processing；
Amplitude compensation unit, for using the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack earthquake money
In material, the border of amplitude relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data.
Preferably, the amplitude compensation unit includes：
First amplitude compensation module, in units of three dimensional seismic data main profile, with border place on main profile
Centered on seismic channel, with equal intervals number, and space-number from small to large successively to boundary place seismic channel both sides obtain ground
Shake channel amplitude spectrum determines the second amplitude difference factor of both sides seismic channel respectively with method of least square, once obtains until front
Till the second amplitude difference factor is not less than the current second amplitude difference factor for obtaining；With it is current obtain the second amplitude difference because
Near seismic channel on the basis of the seismic channel of amplitude relief regions side in corresponding two seismic channels of son, current acquisition second is shaken
The amplitude spectrum of other arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrums and the benchmark seismic channel between corresponding two seismic channels of width difference factor
The 3rd amplitude difference factor is obtained by method of least square；Determine that the amplitude on benchmark seismic channel in the range of earthquake effective band is mended
Repay the factor and deduct the end value that the second amplitude difference factor adds 1 again, it is current to obtain corresponding two ground of the first amplitude difference factor
Arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrum between shake road is multiplied by the end value, and the result of calculation of acquisition is currently obtained through inverse transformation
Final amplitude compensation result between corresponding two seismic channels of the first amplitude difference factor；Wherein, the space-number is 2n-1,
N is natural number；
Second amplitude compensation module, in the range of amplitude relief regions, except boundary has carried out the ground of amplitude compensation
Outside shake road, other seismic channel amplitude spectrums are multiplied by the amplitude compensation factor in the range of the earthquake effective band, the result of calculation of acquisition
Final amplitude compensation result is obtained through inverse transformation.
Preferably, the amplitude compensation unit also includes：
Leveling Block, carries out smooth place for the adjacent seismic channel of the border to amplitude compensation result and boundaries on either side
Reason.
Preferably, acoustic logging and density log curve of the pretreatment unit after correction determines time domain
Drilling well reflection coefficient.
Preferably, the border determining unit includes：
First amplitude difference factor acquisition module, for, in units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, determining two
The spacing track number of seismic channel；And in the range of earthquake effective band, appoint to meeting spacing track number in three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The corresponding seismic channel amplitude spectrum of two seismic channels obtains the first amplitude difference factor by method of least square；Wherein, the spacing track
Number is odd number, and satisfaction is unique condition in the maximum for taking the first amplitude difference factor within the scope of fixed spacing track number；
Boundary trace determining module, for determining the very big of the first amplitude difference factor according to the first amplitude spectrum difference factor
Value, to pass through the compensation boundary position of the seismic profile acquisition in the three-dimensional poststack seismic data of observation as constraint, using the pole
Big value determines the border of compensation boundary.
Preferably, the interpolating unit adopts kriging analysis method.
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the advantages that：
It is different that the technical program solves the high natural impedance particular lithologic body underlying strata amplitude in three-dimensional poststack seismic data
Often the problem of decay, on the premise of not affecting seismic reflection axle relative amplitude strong or weak relation in the vertical, decays to amplitude anomaly
Part has carried out accurate compensation, gentle in the transition of high natural impedance particular lithologic body boundary amplitude compensation, meets stratum reflection
Feature, the checking of Jing real data, the invention application effect are good.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data vibration amplitude compensation method flow chart proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data amplitude compensating arrangement block diagram proposed by the present invention；
Particular lithologic body three-dimensional stacked seismic data figures of the Fig. 3 for the present embodiment；
Unified seismic wavelet schematic diagrams of the Fig. 4 used by the amplitude recovery of the present embodiment；
W1 well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude spectrum and the contrast of W1 well seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum of the Fig. 5 for the present embodiment
Figure；
Amplitude compensation factor flat distribution maps of the Fig. 6 for the present embodiment；
Particular lithologic body three-dimensional poststack earthquake compensation profiles of the Fig. 7 for the present embodiment；
Fig. 8 is amplitude spectrum comparison diagram after the amplitude compensation of the present embodiment；
Fig. 9 a are schematic diagram before the R stratum RMS amplitude attribute amplitude compensation of the present embodiment；
Fig. 9 b are schematic diagram after the R stratum RMS amplitude attribute amplitude compensation of the present embodiment；
R sedimentation system planar distribution figures of the Figure 10 for the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
The operation principle of the technical program is：Start with from three-dimensional poststack seismic data, provided using the well logging of amplitude attenuation band
The true reflection coefficient in stratum that material is calculated.Then, with reference to kriging analysis method this geostatistics method to the amplitude
The three dimensional seismic data amplitude of attenuation region carries out effective compensation.The technical program is before ensureing amplitude compensation result accurately and reliably
Put, compared with Prestack seismic data imaging processing for, reduce workload, improve motility and the work efficiency of process.
Based on above-mentioned operation principle, the present invention proposes a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data vibration amplitude compensation method, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.The method includes：
Step 101)：In three-dimensional poststack seismic data, from amplitude, relief regions do not combine seismic trace near well by drilling well
Extraction time domain seismic wavelet and earthquake effective band scope, and determine that the time domain drilling well of seismic data amplitude relief regions is anti-
Penetrate coefficient；
Particular lithologic body scope for seismic trace near well time domain seismic wavelet, in the same area identical layer position
Outside, i.e. seismic amplitude normal region, during selection, deep relation demarcates preferably many mouthfuls drilling wells with reference to seismic trace near well to extract one
The average seismic wavelet of the unification of individual determination, the seismic wavelet are the bases for carrying out amplitude compensation, its peak swing value with it is three-dimensional
The reflection coefficient that seismic data amplitude is calculated with well logging is relevant.
Step 102)：The time domain seismic wavelet carries out convolution with the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient, obtains the time
Domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Convolution formula is used premised on the average seismic wavelet of the unification that the determination that seismic trace near well is extracted is combined by drilling well
Calculate drilling well synthetic seismogram road.If drilling well reflection coefficient be r (t), seismic wavelet be w (t), then drilling well synthetic seismogram
Road x (t) be before the convolution of the two, i.e.,：
X (t)=w (t) * r (t) (1)
In above formula, " * " represents convolution.Drilling well reflection coefficient r (t) is that the acoustic logging after correction and density are surveyed
Well curve is calculated.If acoustic logging AC units are us/m, density log curve DEN units are g/cm3, use first
AC curves ask for speed v, i.e.,：
V=106/AC (2)
The unit of speed v is m/s herein.If drilling well sampled point is i, DEN logs value is ρ, and AC represents acoustic logging
Curve values.Then reflection R is：
In order to match with seismic channel, Depth Domain reflection R is converted to by time domain reflection coefficient r by time and depth transfer
(t)。
Step 103)：Seismic trace near well is obtained through conversion to time domain seismic trace near well in three-dimensional poststack seismic data to shake
Width is composed, and obtains drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude spectrum through conversion to time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Fast Fourier transform/Fourier transformation method is widely used in the middle of the time frequency analysis of signal, and the technology should
Earthquake and drilling well composite traces are converted to into frequency domain by time domain with quick Fu Li leaf transformations, are beneficial to the amplitude compensation factor
Calculate.
Step 104)：Composed using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and the drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude, passed through
Method of least square obtains the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band；
Drilling well reflection coefficient is directly calculated by acoustic logging and density log, and the resolution logged well is significantly larger than
Shake resolution (below 0.5m), thus the reflection coefficient calculated by well logging do not affected by particular lithologic body in the vertical being capable of generation
The real reflection coefficient in table stratum, when deep relation demarcate accurately under the premise of, the synthetic seismogram road calculated by which
Amplitude spectrum be capable of the reflectance signature on actual response stratum.In the normal area of seismic data amplitude not affected by particular lithologic body
Domain, the synthetic seismogram road asked for reference to drilling well reflection coefficient through unified average seismic wavelet and the position are in specific frequency
It is essentially identical with interior seismic channel amplitude spectrum in shape and amplitude；And in the region of seismic data amplitude anomaly decay, close
Into Seismic Traces and the position seismic channel, amplitude spectral shape is identical in the special frequency band, but difference occurs in amplitude.Hence with
Drilling well synthetic seismogram road can just compensate the part that amplitude anomaly is decayed with the contrast of seismic trace near well, and what is used here is
Method of least square.
Method of least square is a kind of mathematical optimization techniques, and it finds the optimal letter of data by the quadratic sum for minimizing error
Number matching.If compensating factor is Q, seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum is X (f), and drilling well reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum is W (f), then in earthquake
In the range of effective band, according to method of least square so that the value of following formula will reach minimum：
(W1-Q·X1)2+(W2-Q·X2)2+…+(Wn-Q·Xn)2 (3)
In formula, n is represented in earthquake effective band, the sampled point number in amplitude spectrum.If making above formula reach minima, Q
Must meet make above formula derivative be 0, i.e.,：
X1·(W1-Q·X1)+X2·(W2-Q·X2)+…+X2·(W2-Q·X2)=0 (4)
Above formula (4) is solved, compensating factor Q-value is obtained final product.On three dimensional seismic data, in the range of particular lithologic body, drilling well is sometimes
Not only flatly, the Q-value for calculating also more than one.
Step 105)：The border of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square；
If known particular lithologic body border, herein then without the need for calculating.In the case of particular lithologic body border is uncertain, then
Come calculated amplitude compensation border with method of least square.In units of three dimensional seismic data main profile, on particular lithologic body border
There is significantly decrease at place, the seismic amplitude of underlying strata, if at certain intervals calculating two on three dimensional seismic data main profile
Amplitude difference between road, then reach maximum in boundary amplitude difference value, and away from boundary amplitude difference very little, utilize this
Point, just can accurately obtain amplitude compensation border through calculating.Using above-mentioned method of least square, in the range of earthquake effective band,
Difference factor (the i.e. above-mentioned compensating factor) conduct between the twice at odd number interval in three dimensional seismic data main profile is calculated successively
The difference factor of this twice interim orbit, calculating finish after, using estimate road interval take difference factor extreme point place road as work as
The amplitude compensation border of front main profile, by that analogy, needs to carry out all main survey of amplitude compensation in determining three dimensional seismic data
The amplitude compensation border of line, i.e. three dimensional seismic data amplitude compensation border.
Based on above-mentioned operation principle, in the case of particular lithologic body border is uncertain, determine that the method for boundary trace is：
In units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, the spacing track number of two seismic channels is determined；And it is effective in earthquake
In frequency band range, the corresponding seismic channel amplitude spectrum of wantonly two seismic channel to meeting spacing track number in three-dimensional poststack seismic data passes through
Method of least square method obtains the first amplitude difference factor；Wherein, the spacing track number is odd number, and satisfaction is taking fixed spacing track
In number scope, the maximum of the first amplitude difference factor is unique condition；Determine that first shakes according to the first amplitude spectrum difference factor
The maximum of width difference factor, with the compensation boundary position obtained by observing the seismic profile in three-dimensional poststack seismic data be
Constraint, determines the boundary trace of compensation boundary using the maximum.
Step 106)：In the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, will be each well point corresponding earthquake effective
The amplitude compensation factor in frequency band range carries out interpolation processing；
Three dimensional seismic data amplitude anomaly attenuation region in the range of particular lithologic body, will be each with kriging analysis method
The compensating factor Q-value that well analysis draw carries out planar interpolation, makes compensating factor Q cover whole amplitude anomaly attenuation region.Gram
League (unit of length) interpolation method is one of main contents of geostatistics, is said from the statistical significance, and kriging analysis method is related from variable
Property and variability are set out, and carry out a kind of method of unbiased, optimal estimation in the finite region to the value of regionalized variable；From insert
It is that the data to spatial distribution ask linear optimal, unbiased interpolation to estimate a kind of method that value angle is said.Kriging analysis method be suitable for
Condition is regionalized variable Existential Space dependency, and the compensating factor Q-value of each well point meets the application conditions of kriging analysis method.
Therefore, planar interpolation is carried out to compensating factor Q-value with kriging analysis method, accuracy is high, ensure that three dimensional seismic data
The accuracy of amplitude compensation result.
Step 107)：Using amplitude in the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The border of relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data.
In units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, centered on the seismic channel of boundary place, to count at equal intervals,
And space-number uses least square to the seismic channel amplitude spectrum that boundary place seismic channel both sides obtain from small to large successively respectively
Method determines the second amplitude difference factor of both sides seismic channel, until the front second amplitude difference factor for once obtaining is not less than current
Till the second amplitude difference factor for obtaining；Close in corresponding two seismic channels of the second amplitude difference factor shaking is obtained with current
Seismic channel on the basis of the seismic channel of width relief regions side, to other the arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrums between the two seismic channels and
The amplitude spectrum of the benchmark seismic channel obtains the 3rd amplitude difference factor by method of least square；The amplitude compensation of benchmark seismic channel
The factor deducts the end value that the 3rd amplitude difference factor adds 1 again, and the arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrum between the two seismic channels is multiplied by
The end value, the final amplitude compensation knot of the result of calculation of acquisition between inverse transformation obtains boundary the two seismic channels
Really；
In the range of amplitude relief regions, other seismic channel amplitude spectrums in addition to boundary carries out the seismic channel of amplitude compensation
The amplitude compensation factor is multiplied by, the result of calculation of acquisition obtains final amplitude compensation result through inverse transformation.
To cause compensation effect more preferably, the adjacent seismic channel of the boundary trace and boundary trace both sides to amplitude compensation result enters
Row smoothing processing.
Present invention also offers a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data amplitude compensating arrangement, as shown in Figure 2.The device includes：
Pretreatment unit 201, for, in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, relief regions do not pass through drilling well surge well from amplitude
Domain seismic wavelet of other seismic channel extraction time and earthquake effective band scope, and determine the time of seismic data amplitude relief regions
Domain drilling well reflection coefficient；
Convolution unit 202, carries out convolution with the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient for the time domain seismic wavelet, obtains
Obtain time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Time-frequency domain converting unit 203, for obtaining through conversion to time domain seismic trace near well in three-dimensional poststack seismic data
Seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum is obtained, drilling well synthetic seismogram road is obtained through conversion to time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road and is shaken
Width is composed；
Amplitude compensation factor acquirement unit 204, for using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and the drilling well synthetically
Shake recorded trace amplitude spectrum, obtains the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band by method of least square；
Border determining unit 205, for determining amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data by method of least square
Border；
Interpolating unit 206, in the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, will be each well point corresponding
The amplitude compensation factor in the range of shake effective band carries out interpolation processing；
Amplitude compensation unit 207, for using the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack earthquake
In data, the border of amplitude relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data.
There is high natural impedance igneous lithofacies (particular lithologic body) in certain oil field series of strata, its R stratum of underliing is high by igneous rock
The impact of natural impedance, amplitude decay are obvious, as shown in Figure 3.Due to the decay of seismic data amplitude, R stratigraphic structures are explained,
Sandstone tracing, attributive analysiss, reservoir prediction etc. can all produce impact, and then affect the oil-gas exploration to R stratum because to fire into
The R formation seismic data amplitudes that rock mass underlies carry out effectively compensation and just seem particularly necessary.
With the technical program, first outside the igneous lithofacies scope in the same area R stratum, i.e., seismic amplitude is normal
Region, the unification that deep relation demarcates preferably many mouthfuls drilling wells with reference to seismic trace near well to extract a determination during selection is fifty-fifty
Shake wavelet, as shown in Figure 4.
Within the scope of igneous lithofacies, selection drills R stratum, by when deep relation demarcate preferable drilling well (W1 wells) time
Domain reflection coefficient, combines the synthetic seismogram road that aforementioned average seismic wavelet calculates W1 wells with convolution formula；Then pass through
Fast Fourier transform calculates W1 well synthetic seismograms channel amplitude spectrum and W1 well seismic trace near well amplitude spectrums, is entered by amplitude spectrum
Row compares, frequency band ranges of the 5～28Hz of selection as calculated amplitude compensating factor, as shown in Figure 5.In Fig. 5, dotted line represents W1 wells
Seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum, solid line represent that W1 well synthetic seismograms channel amplitude is composed, and the principle that frequency band range is selected is：By well
In seismic channel dominant frequency of amplitude spectrum band scope (effective band).
With method of least square in the range of seismic data effective band in units of main profile, calculate three dimensional seismic data
The R formation seismics amplitude difference factor on each main profile near igneous lithofacies estimation range；Difference factor is determined using the method for fractional steps
Extreme point, finally determines the border of three dimensional seismic data amplitude anomaly attenuation region with reference to the estimation range of igneous lithofacies.
The amplitude compensation factor at each drilling well well point is calculated with method of least square, with kriging analysis method in 3-D seismics
Row interpolation is entered to the amplitude compensation factor at each drilling well well point in data amplitude anomaly attenuation region, amplitude compensation factor plane is drawn
Scattergram, as shown in Figure 6.
The calculating of final R stratum amplitude compensation result, such as Fig. 7 are completed using Fast Fourier Transform Inverse and mean value smoothing method
It is shown, effective recovery has been obtained in the igneous lithofacies R formation seismic data amplitudes that underlie, be verify amplitude compensation result accurate
Property, take former the 5th～45 road of seismic data R stratum (normal amplitude seismic channel) and do spectrum analyses, take former seismic data R stratum the 75th
～115 roads (amplitude decay seismic channel) do spectrum analyses, and after taking amplitude compensation, (amplitude is mended in seismic data R stratum the 75th～115 road
Repay seismic channel) spectrum analyses are done, its amplitude spectrum comparing result is as shown in Figure 8.In the range of earthquake effective band, by igneous rock shadow
Loud seismic channel amplitude be significantly less than not by igneous rock influence seismic channel amplitude, compensated rear seismic channel amplitude with not
It is substantially suitable by the seismic channel amplitude of igneous rock influence, it can be seen that the invention is realized to seismic data amplitude attenuation portions
Effective compensation, compensation effect is good.Additionally, as illustrated in fig. 9, it is the R stratum RMS amplitude attribute amplitude compensation of the present embodiment
Front schematic diagram；As shown in figure 9b, be the present embodiment R stratum RMS amplitude attribute amplitude compensation after schematic diagram.From R stratum, RMS shakes
It can also be seen that in the range of igneous lithofacies, RMS amplitude attribute amplitude has increased on comparison diagram before and after width attribute amplitude compensation
By force, more clear wash rice is portrayed in river course.As shown in Figure 10, it is sedimentation system planar distribution figure.Figure 10 shows can be effectively and accurate
True instructs this area R sedimentation architectural studies.
Above-described specific embodiment, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail, the be should be understood that specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done etc. all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data vibration amplitude compensation method, it is characterised in that the method includes：
In three-dimensional poststack seismic data, from amplitude, relief regions do not combine seismic trace near well extraction time domain earthquake by drilling well
Wavelet and earthquake effective band scope, and determine the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient of seismic data amplitude relief regions；
The time domain seismic wavelet carries out convolution with the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient, obtains time domain drilling well synthesis earthquake
Recorded trace；
Seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum is obtained through conversion to time domain seismic trace near well in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, to time domain
Drilling well synthetic seismogram road obtains drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude spectrum through conversion；
Composed using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and the drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude, obtained by method of least square
The amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band；
The border of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square；
In the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, by shaking in the range of each well point corresponding earthquake effective band
Width compensating factor carries out interpolation processing；
Using the border of amplitude relief regions in the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
Amplitude compensation is carried out to three-dimensional poststack seismic data；
Wherein, in the range of the utilization earthquake effective band in the amplitude compensation factor, three-dimensional poststack seismic data, amplitude weakens
The step of border in region carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data includes：
In units of three dimensional seismic data main profile, on main profile centered on the seismic channel of boundary place, to count at equal intervals,
And space-number uses least square to the seismic channel amplitude spectrum that boundary place seismic channel both sides obtain from small to large successively respectively
Method determines the second amplitude difference factor of both sides seismic channel, until the front second amplitude difference factor for once obtaining is not less than current
Till the second amplitude difference factor for obtaining；Close in corresponding two seismic channels of the second amplitude difference factor shaking is obtained with current
Seismic channel on the basis of the seismic channel of width relief regions side, obtains corresponding two seismic channels of the second amplitude difference factor to current
Between other arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrums and the benchmark seismic channel amplitude spectrum by method of least square obtain the 3rd amplitude
Difference factor；Determine that the amplitude compensation factor on benchmark seismic channel in the range of earthquake effective band deducts the second amplitude difference factor
The end value for plus 1 again, the current arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrum obtained between corresponding two seismic channels of the first amplitude difference factor
It is multiplied by the end value, the result of calculation of acquisition obtains currently obtaining the first amplitude difference factor corresponding two through inverse transformation
Final amplitude compensation result between seismic channel；Wherein, the space-number is 2n-1, and n is natural number；
In the range of amplitude relief regions, in addition to boundary carries out the seismic channel of amplitude compensation, other seismic channel amplitude spectrums are multiplied by
The amplitude compensation factor in the range of the earthquake effective band, the result of calculation of acquisition obtain final amplitude compensation through inverse transformation
As a result.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the amplitude compensation in the range of the utilization earthquake effective band because
The step of border of amplitude relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data in son, three-dimensional poststack seismic data is also
Including：
The adjacent seismic channel of boundary trace and boundary trace both sides to final amplitude compensation result is smoothed.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient is after correction
Acoustic logging and density log curve determine.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described that three-dimensional poststack earthquake is determined by method of least square
Include the step of the border of amplitude relief regions in data：
In units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, the spacing track number of two seismic channels is determined；And in earthquake effective band
In the range of, to meeting the corresponding seismic channel amplitude spectrum of wantonly two seismic channel of spacing track number in three-dimensional poststack seismic data by minimum
Square law obtains the first amplitude difference factor；Wherein, the spacing track number is odd number, and satisfaction is taking fixed spacing track number scope
The maximum of the interior first amplitude difference factor is unique condition；
The maximum of the first amplitude difference factor is determined according to the first amplitude spectrum difference factor, with by observing three-dimensional poststack earthquake
The compensation boundary position that seismic profile in data is obtained is constraint, determines the border of compensation boundary using the maximum.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the method for the interpolation is kriging analysis method.
6. a kind of three-dimensional poststack seismic data amplitude compensating arrangement, it is characterised in that the device includes：
Pretreatment unit, for, in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, relief regions do not pass through earthquake by drilling well surge well from amplitude
Road extraction time domain seismic wavelet and earthquake effective band scope, and determine the time domain drilling well of seismic data amplitude relief regions
Reflection coefficient；
Convolution unit, carries out convolution for the time domain seismic wavelet and the time domain drilling well reflection coefficient, obtains the time
Domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Time-frequency domain converting unit, for passing through to time domain seismic trace near well in three-dimensional poststack seismic data by conversion acquisition well
Shake channel amplitude spectrum, obtains drilling well synthetic seismogram channel amplitude spectrum through conversion to time domain drilling well synthetic seismogram road；
Amplitude compensation factor acquirement unit, for using the seismic trace near well amplitude spectrum and the drilling well synthetic seismogram road
Amplitude spectrum, obtains the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band by method of least square；
Border determining unit, for the border of amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is determined by method of least square；
Interpolating unit, in the amplitude relief regions in three-dimensional poststack seismic data, will be each well point corresponding earthquake effective
The amplitude compensation factor in frequency band range carries out interpolation processing；
Amplitude compensation unit, for using in the amplitude compensation factor in the range of earthquake effective band, three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The border of amplitude relief regions carries out amplitude compensation to three-dimensional poststack seismic data；
Wherein, the amplitude compensation unit includes：
First amplitude compensation module, in units of three dimensional seismic data main profile, with boundary location on main profile
Shake road centered on, with equal intervals number, and space-number from small to large successively to boundary place seismic channel both sides obtain seismic channel
Amplitude spectrum determines the second amplitude difference factor of both sides seismic channel respectively with method of least square, until it is front once obtain second
Till the amplitude difference factor is not less than the current second amplitude difference factor for obtaining；The second amplitude difference factor pair is obtained with current
Near seismic channel on the basis of the seismic channel of amplitude relief regions side in two seismic channels answered, the second difference of vibration is obtained to current
The amplitude spectrum of other arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrums and the benchmark seismic channel between corresponding two seismic channels of the different factor passes through
Method of least square obtains the 3rd amplitude difference factor；Determine amplitude compensation on benchmark seismic channel in the range of earthquake effective band because
Son deducts the end value that the second amplitude difference factor adds 1 again, current to obtain corresponding two seismic channels of the first amplitude difference factor
Between arbitrary seismic channel amplitude spectrum be multiplied by the end value, the result of calculation of acquisition obtains current obtaining first through inverse transformation
Final amplitude compensation result between corresponding two seismic channels of the amplitude difference factor；Wherein, the space-number is 2n-1, and n is
Natural number；
Second amplitude compensation module, in the range of amplitude relief regions, except boundary has carried out the seismic channel of amplitude compensation
Outer other seismic channel amplitude spectrums are multiplied by the amplitude compensation factor in the range of the earthquake effective band, and the result of calculation of acquisition is passed through
Inverse transformation obtains final amplitude compensation result.
7. device as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the amplitude compensation unit also includes：
Leveling Block, is smoothed for the seismic channel adjacent to the border of amplitude compensation result and boundaries on either side.
8. device as claimed in claims 6 or 7, it is characterised in that acoustic logging of the pretreatment unit after correction
Curve and density log curve determine time domain drilling well reflection coefficient.
9. device as claimed in claims 6 or 7, it is characterised in that the border determining unit includes：
First amplitude difference factor acquisition module, for, in units of the main profile of three-dimensional poststack seismic data, determining two earthquakes
The spacing track number in road；And the two places in the range of earthquake effective band, to meeting spacing track number in three-dimensional poststack seismic data
The corresponding seismic channel amplitude spectrum in shake road obtains the first amplitude difference factor by method of least square；Wherein, the spacing track number is
Odd number, and satisfaction is unique condition in the maximum for taking the first amplitude difference factor within the scope of fixed spacing track number；
Boundary trace determining module, for the maximum of the first amplitude difference factor is determined according to the first amplitude spectrum difference factor, with
The compensation boundary position obtained by observing the seismic profile in three-dimensional poststack seismic data is constraint, true using the maximum
Surely compensate the border of boundary.
10. device as claimed in claims 6 or 7, it is characterised in that the interpolating unit adopts kriging analysis method.
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| CN106569277B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-08-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Seismic properties poststack vibration amplitude compensation method |
| CN106646616B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-10-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and device of compensation Earth's absorption and attenuation |
| CN107390271B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-06-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The vibration amplitude compensation method and device of seismic data |
| CN111435174B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2023-04-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for compensating amplitude of seismic data in strong reflection area |
| CN111522062B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2022-05-20 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Underburden amplitude compensation method based on volcanic shielding quantitative analysis |
| CN112558156A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Processing method and processing system for earthquake strong amplitude abnormity |
| CN112379429A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Amplitude compensation method and device for seismic data |
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| CN102109612A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Seismic wave absorption and attenuation compensation method |
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