CN104237945B - A kind of seismic data self adaptation high resolution processing method - Google Patents
A kind of seismic data self adaptation high resolution processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of seismic data self adaptation high resolution processing method；Data collection processes and obtains road collection after poststack or skew；Choose seismic data effective bandwidth scope；In the range of effective bandwidth, frequency spectrum divided by wavelet obtains the partial spectrum sequence of reflectance factor；Design sef-adapting filter, is filtered partial spectrum sequence；Estimate that the reflection amplitudes of corresponding selected time location is estimated；Estimate to finally give whole reflection coefficient sequences；In conjunction with well-log information, well lie processes, is evaluated the application effect of section, obtains the high-fidelity to whole geological data and high resolution processing result；On the basis of the more wide band road collection obtained, further being constructed, lithology, microcrack is grown and is explained and evaluate, and finds shale gas exploration and development range of profitability；In conjunction with existing prospect pit, geology each side data, it is provided that new well location design considerations；Method can carry out finer shale gas RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION and evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic data processing method, it is a kind of theoretical based on nonparametric Power estimation, statistical nature by simulation interference relatively, it is suppressed by design sef-adapting filter group, thus carry out stably estimating exactly to the back wave amplitude of different time position, thus improve geological data section resolution ratio, with high fidelity widen the high resolution processing technique of geological data frequency band.
Background technology
China's marine facies shale exploratory area reservoir has the obvious characteristic such as many series of strata, strong transformation, high maturity, is mainly distributed on southern mountain area, and top layer, work area and complex geologic conditions, relative to conventional gas and oil, shale gas exploration and development difficulty is bigger.Shale reservoir distribution is relative complex, although mud shale stratum is the thickest, can reach hundreds of upper km, but reach only more than tens meters of effective shale gas reservoir standard.The change of organic carbon content can cause the change of density of earth formations, speed, but amplitude is the least.So, quality to seismic data to the detection of shale gas reservoir and when identifying, particularly resolution ratio and fidelity aspect is had higher requirement.For the feature of shale gas reservoir, need to carry out to have Hi-Fi proposing high-resolution seismic data processing technology research.
The conventional seismic data resolution method that improves mainly considers the identification to thin layer, (the Huang Xude with deconvolution as representative, 1992), it is mostly based on convolution model (Robinson and Treitel of the single track of earthquake record, 1980), then show as, in frequency domain, the product (Castagna, 2004) that seismic channel frequency spectrum is wavelet and reflectivity spectrum, the main vision addressability (Porsani and Ursin, 1998) considering to be improved earthquake record by inverse filtering.Owing to the impact of noise is only capable of recovering the partial frequency spectrum of effective free transmission range reflection coefficient, seismic data resolution is still determined by frequency band range, there is contradiction (Levy and Fullagar, 1981) between resolution capability and signal to noise ratio.Along with inversion theory progress of research, sparse deconvolution (Zhu Zhenyu and Liu Hong, 2005) and inversion method (Zhang Fanchang, Liu Jie, print Xing Yao etc., 2008) also become and identify thickness of thin layer and the important means of bottom interface position, top.Openness constraint inversion technique is finding strong reflection, and antinoise aspect shows bigger advantage (Liu Xiwu, Ning Junrui, Zhang Gailan, 2009).
Improving seismic data resolution method is to extract certain approach of geologic body reflectance signature.Based on different Mathematical Modelings, improve the method for seismic data resolution also show as different feature (Wiggins, 1985；Velis, 2008), Inverse Problem Thoery is applied to improving (Wang Jiaying in resolution method more and more, 2002) during, inversion result depends on selected forward model, corresponding coupling observes distribution and selection (Zhang Hongbing, the Shang Zuoping of corresponding interpretational criteria of approximate error in data, Yang Changchun etc., 2005), ignore systematic error concrete form and go merely the way of " coupling " be exist " risk " (Parker, 1977).Additionally, the foundation of constraints often its " sensingization " feature is the most obvious, under the most different constraints, inversion result can show different features, the model parameter estimation result causing inverting to obtain is unpredictable, and it is highly unstable (Sacchi, Velis and Cominguez, 1992).From theory, priori conditions is the people's initial conjectures to institute's inverse model parameter attribute, and this initial conjecture should be similar to true solution, the most generally should meet actual physics rule.If these conditions excessively " sensingization ", the result so obtained and truth have (Ulrych, 2001) of the biggest deviation often.
In sum, existing geological data high resolution data processing methods often sacrifices the most useful earthquake information while obtaining high resolution processing result, actually these information are present among the minor variations of seismic channel waveform, existing geological data High Resolution Method particularly inverting class algorithm is insensitive to the minor variations of lithology, and the seismic data after high resolution processing lost the most useful reservoir information after obtaining the visual high-resolution of geological data.Especially for many series of strata feature and the variation of lithological feature of shale reservoir, this big class high resolution data processing methods is the most inapplicable.
2002, Vetterli proposes sampling and the reconstruction theory of limited turnover rate signal, the possibility that in the case of this theoretical explanation finite bandwidth, reflectance factor is rebuild.Vetterli (2002) method used when rebuilding pulse sequence signal parameterizes the serial of methods in analysis of spectrum just, such as Prony method (Kay and Marple, 1981), and subspace method (Kung etc., 1983；Maravi, 2004) etc..The estimation performance of parameter class method based on model all very dependent on the Mathematical Modeling assumed and the matching degree of real process, usually can obtain the estimated result of failure when model is not inconsistent.It practice, be directed to the spectral model feature of seismic channel reflectance factor, imparametrization method shows the characteristic (Stoica and Moses, 1997) of more anti-noise.First maximum likelihood (Capon) method of estimation (Capon, 1969) proposed initially is mainly used in the research of the propagation characteristic of seismic wave in geological data Array Signal Processing, is first interpreted a kind of Power estimation method based on maximum likelihood.Later, this method is used for the sinusoidal signal of the different frequency to limited sampling length and estimates its amplitude and phase place respectively, first the covariance of noise and relative interference in analogue data during estimation, then design corresponding sef-adapting filter and can nondestructively filter compacting noise and the interference of other frequency sine the most as much as possible while specific sinusoidal signal, thus obtain quasi-maximal possibility estimation result.Experiment shows that Capon method of estimation is while having higher estimation stability, it has the highest resolution capability to the sinusoidal signal component that frequency is close, and the method can be adjusted between statistics stability and frequency resolution in some sense, but it has a problem in that its estimated result has deviation (having deviating cause to be the rough simulation to interference covariance statistical nature).1996, Li and Stoica proposed amplitude and phase estimation method, and it is widely used in target acquisition and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, by the board design sef-adapting filter group of interference covariance is estimated target.Being that a kind of nearly zero deflection is estimated relative to have estimation of deviation characteristic, amplitude and the phase estimation method of Capon method, the simulation to interference covariance is more accurate.
Therefore, this thought is applied to the spectral model of reflectance factor by us, the reflection amplitudes of underground is rationally estimated, in the case of not adding artificial prior information, by designing adaptive bank of filters compacting interference relatively, the estimated result of high-resolution reflectance magnitude can be obtained.Section after process or three-dimensional road set information are while showing as high-resolution broad frequency band width, show as the Amplitude Estimation of reflectance factor more accurately simultaneously, provide more rich amplitude and phase information, for further for explanation and the appraisal offer data guarantee of shale gas reservoir characteristic.
Summary of the invention
Improve resolution method for existing geological data and widen problem present in effect and data fidelity at frequency band, the present invention is to obtain high fidelity and high-resolution seismic channel set as target, use for reference and make use of statistic line loss rate method advanced in the world, based on adaptive filtering theory, seismic data being carried out high resolution processing.Under Hi-Fi requirement, processing and obtain high-resolution data volume, frequency ranges of data is widened, and comprises the earthquake information of higher frequency more details.On this basis, carry out high-resolution attributes extraction and explanation, carry out identification and the prediction and evaluation of reservoir geology condition of shale gas reservoir distribution, to form a whole set of, for shale gas reservoir, contain workflow and the technical system of the geophysical method of shale reservoir data.
The least weak reflectance signature brought of amplitude of variation for shale reservoir density, speed, self adaptation high resolution data processing methods is theoretical based on self adaptation statistical filtering, design corresponding sef-adapting filter group, on the premise of keeping original seismic data information to greatest extent, seismic channel set is processed, estimates subsurface reflective amplitude.
In the range of the effective band of earthquake record, with the partial frequency spectrum of the reflectance factor that the frequency spectrum of earthquake record can obtain divided by the frequency spectrum of seismic wavelet, and according to convolution model, the sinusoidal signal of its proper different frequency being limited sampling length, the time location of the most each sinusoidal signal frequency correspondence reflectance factor, and sinusoidal amplitude correspondence reflection amplitudes.Therefore, algorithm is mainly for this feature of the partial frequency spectrum model of reflectance factor, utilize non-parametric spectrum analysis theory method, choose different time locations (the sinusoidal frequency in corresponding part frequency spectrum) sinusoidal amplitude (i.e. changing the reflection amplitudes of time location) is estimated, algorithm is by the statistical nature of simulation interference relatively (including that other reflect and noise present in data), interference relatively is suppressed by design sef-adapting filter, thus realizes the stable of the reflection amplitudes to different time position and accurately estimate.Estimated result shows as high-resolution features on section, and data frequency band is widened, and effectively maintains small geological information in original data, it is thus achieved that high fidelity and high-resolution seismic channel set.On this basis, can carry out a series of process and explain that work, such as profile construction and layer position is explained, three-dimensional properties is extracted and geologic body is portrayed.Exploration especially for unconventional shale gas reservoir, widening by frequency bandwidth, abundant amplitude is more suitable for phase information portraying the rock physics information that shale gas reservoir is relevant, such as organic carbon content, fragility etc., simultaneously more fine description crack and microcrack can grow behavior, be finally that the prediction of shale gas exploration and development range of profitability (" dessert ") provides abundant data, for the foundation that well location and horizontal well design offer are more reliable.Overall method and technology process description is as follows:
1) seismic data collecting shale exploratory area carries out conventional treatment and skew, obtains road collection after poststack or skew；
2) for two-dimentional or three-dimensional road collection, choose destination layer position (rammell) and extract wavelet, and calculate the frequency spectrum of wavelet, and choose seismic data effective bandwidth scope according to actual conditions (data characteristic, signal to noise ratio etc.)；
3) extraction single-channel seismic record, calculates its frequency spectrum, in the range of effective bandwidth divided by the frequency spectrum of wavelet thus obtain the partial spectrum sequence of reflectance factor；
4) partial spectrum sequence based on reflectance factor and the corresponding relation of time-domain reflected impulse, selected position sometime, the statistical nature (relatively disturbing the sine corresponding by other times position reflected impulse in partial spectrum and noise to constitute) of simulation interference relatively, thus design sef-adapting filter, design criteria is that to make it filter output as far as possible sinusoidal close to the frequency domain that institute seclected time is corresponding, the interference relatively of compacting simultaneously, then applies designed wave filter to be filtered partial spectrum sequence；
5) the near sinusoidal sequence (corresponding to selected time location) obtained after filtering being estimated its amplitude, according to itself and the corresponding relation of time-domain reflected impulse, it estimates that the reflection amplitudes being time location selected by correspondence is estimated；
6) different time locations is selected, i.e. for different time locations and design corresponding different sef-adapting filter and estimate to finally give whole reflection coefficient sequences；
7) well-log information is combined, well lie processes, the application effect of section is evaluated, thus the relevant parameter of bank of filters is adjusted effect of optimization, finally carry out step 3-6 by road and i.e. can obtain the high-fidelity to whole geological data and high resolution processing result；
8) on the basis of the more wide band road collection obtained, further constructed, lithology, microcrack growth etc. explanation and appraisal, found shale gas exploration and development range of profitability；
9) existing prospect pit, geology etc. each side data, it is provided that new well location design considerations are combined.
It addition, in actual applications, for the data of relatively high s/n ratio, method can be used for the process of prestack road collection, and can carry out the prestack AVO inverting of higher precision, the work such as prestack attribute extraction based on this.Should further be noted that the method is to estimate phase information estimating reflectance factor when simultaneously, i.e. it is plural number to the estimated result of reflected amplitudes.So the result that we obtain includes estimated result real part and the multiple geological data section of imaginary part composition, the data information after its process, not only in terms of frequency bandwidth, also shows as the information more enriched in terms of phase place.
The effect of invention
Method, on the premise of keeping original seismic data information to greatest extent, processes and obtains high fidelity and high-resolution seismic channel set.Algorithm has self-adaptive features, do not introduce artificial " directive property " constraint, effectively widen data frequency band, enrich amplitude and phase information, the slight change utilizing amplitude and phase place is understood and explains the change of lithology, can carry out finer shale gas RESERVOIR INTERPRETATION and evaluation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the main technical flows of self adaptation high resolution data processing methods
Fig. 2: aWedge model synthesis synthesis road collection and b each road frequency spectrum
Fig. 3: aWedge model composite traces processes experimental result (noiseless) and b spectrum recovery effect
Fig. 4: aWedge model composite traces processes experimental result (Noise) and b spectrum recovery effect
Fig. 5: well lie composite traces High-resolution Processing comparison of test results
B High-resolution Processing result c 35Hz wavelet synthesis road, a 25Hz wavelet synthesis road
Fig. 6: a real well lie result and b well logging composite traces contrast
Fig. 7: real data self adaptation high resolution processing algorithm application example
A processes section after front section b High-resolution Processing
Fig. 8: spectral contrast before and after real data High-resolution Processing
Fig. 9: road collection after survey region base map and 3-D migration
Road collection after a survey region base map b 3-D migration
Figure 10: destination layer position and the wavelet of extraction and wavelet spectrum
The wavelet of a destination layer position b extraction and wavelet spectrum
Figure 11: three-dimensional data high resolution processing result
Figure 12: the well lie of earthquake record before and after the synthesis well lie of different dominant frequency wavelets and process
Figure 13: the seismic channel set obtaining High-resolution Processing carries out fine well shake coupling
Figure 14: the crack association attributes along destination layer position on the basis of High-resolution Processing is explained
Specific embodiment mode
Fig. 1 is the main technical flows that self adaptation high resolution data processing methods is applied to seismic channel High-resolution Processing；
The wedge-shaped body Model composite traces (Wedge model) of the model test application that Fig. 2 is carried out by investigation method application effect and each road frequency spectrum thereof, wherein synthesis wavelet is 25Hz Ricker wavelet, seismic channel set effective bandwidth scope about 10-50Hz；
Fig. 3 is the method treatment effect to Wedge model trace collection under noise-free case, and result resolution ratio is the highest, and frequency information has efficient recovery；
Fig. 4 is to have under noise situations the treatment effect to Wedge model trace collection, improves the resolution ratio of seismic channel set to a certain extent, and frequency band is widened.
Fig. 5 synthesizes well lie for utilizing real logging data, it is carried out high-resolution process test, the most left figure a is with 25Hz wavelet and the Prof. Du Yucang Jing Pangdaoji of logging well reflection coefficient, middle figure b is the result after Zuo Tuzhong road collection carries out high resolution processing, right figure c is the Prof. Du Yucang road collection of 35Hz wavelet and logging well reflection coefficient, result resolution characteristics is consistent with 35Hz wavelet synthesis road collection, and illustration method is effectively improved resolution ratio, and has high fidelity；
Fig. 6 is real well lie High-resolution Processing result and well logging composite traces contrast, process before seismic trace near well corresponding with the composite traces of 25Hz wavelet and practical logging reflectance factor, and process after seismic trace near well and have preferable corresponding relation with the composite traces of 33Hz wavelet and practical logging reflectance factor；
Fig. 7 is the treatment effect for section application process a certain in the actual seismic data of somewhere, and the seismic profile resolution ratio after process significantly improves；
Fig. 8 be Fig. 7 processes before with process after the frequency band comparison diagram of sectional data, the data effective band after process is substantially widened.
High-resolution Processing by certain shale gas exploratory area and as a example by explaining below, is briefly described high resolution processing technique:
Step 1) certain shale gas exploratory area data is carried out conventional migration before stack, obtain road collection (see Fig. 9) after 3-D migration；
Step 2) use statistics correlation method to extract zero-phase wavelet destination layer, and calculate the frequency spectrum of wavelet, thus choose effective bandwidth scope (see Figure 10)；
Step 3) 6) each road earthquake record to three-dimensional data, use adaptive-filtering high resolution algorithm in frequency domain, finally obtain high-resolution three-dimensional road collection (see Figure 11)；
Step 7) according to the spectral change before and after High-resolution Processing, in conjunction with well-log information (well logging acoustic impedance), apply the wavelet synthesis well lie of corresponding dominant frequency, the application effect of evaluation method, carry out finer well shake coupling (see Figure 12,13)；
Step 8) 9) on the basis of wide band seismic channel set, further constructed, lithology, the seismic interpretations such as microcrack growth and appraisal (predicting as a example by the fractue spacing of destination layer by relevant and curvature attributes here), find shale gas exploration and development range of profitability, final combination has prospect pit, geology etc. each side data, it is provided that new well location design considerations (see Figure 14).
Claims (1)
1. a seismic data self adaptation high resolution processing method, it is characterised in that:
Method comprises the steps:
1) seismic data collecting shale exploratory area carries out conventional treatment and skew, obtains road collection after poststack or skew；
2) for two-dimentional or three-dimensional road collection, choose layer position, page object rock stratum, extraction wavelet, and calculate the frequency spectrum of wavelet,
And according to the data characteristic of road collection, signal to noise ratio chooses seismic data effective bandwidth scope；
3) extraction single-channel seismic record, calculates its frequency spectrum, in the range of effective bandwidth divided by the frequency spectrum of wavelet thus obtain anti-
Penetrate the partial spectrum sequence of coefficient；
4) partial spectrum sequence based on reflectance factor and the corresponding relation of time-domain reflected impulse, select position sometime,
The statistical nature of simulation interference relatively, disturbs the sine corresponding by other times position reflected impulse in partial spectrum and noise relatively
Constituting, thus design sef-adapting filter, design criteria is to make it filter output as far as possible close to the frequency that institute seclected time is corresponding
Territory is sinusoidal, the interference relatively of compacting simultaneously, then applies designed wave filter to be filtered partial spectrum sequence；
5) to its amplitude of near sinusoidal sequence estimation corresponding to selected time location obtained after filtering, according to itself and time
The corresponding relation of territory reflected impulse, it estimates that the reflection amplitudes being time location selected by correspondence is estimated；
6) different time locations is selected, i.e. for different time locations and design corresponding different adaptive-filtering
Device is estimated to finally give whole reflection coefficient sequences；
7) combining well-log information, well lie processes, and is evaluated the application effect of section, thus the phase to bank of filters
Related parameter is adjusted effect of optimization, finally carries out step 3-6 by road and i.e. can obtain the high-fidelity to whole geological data and height
Differentiate result；
8) on the basis of the more wide band road collection obtained, further being constructed, lithology, microcrack is grown and is explained
And appraisal, find shale gas exploration and development range of profitability；
9) existing prospect pit, geology each side data, it is provided that new well location design considerations are combined.
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| CN104569344B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-05-11 | 长江大学 | Shale reservoir brittle mineral EARTHQUAKE QUANTIFICATION characterizing method |
| CN106199715B (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2019-01-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Strong reflection separation method and device based on model |
| CN106054245B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-03-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | High resolution seismic data handles quantitative evaluation method |
| CN106772579B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-12-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Earthquake prestack inversion method and apparatus in a kind of girdle |
| CN111610562B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2023-10-27 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for separating strong reflection signals in seismic data |
| CN109946740B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-06-30 | 成都理工大学 | Seismic resolution enhancement method based on wide flat spectrum seismic wavelet shaping |
| CN110263763B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-06-29 | 兰州大学 | Method for analyzing gyrus stratum based on lithology midpoint sine interpolation model |
| CN113882853A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for transmitting near-bit logging while drilling data |
| CN114076990B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil shale reflected energy determination method, system, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN113050162B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-04-15 | 中南大学 | Viscoelastic medium seismic inversion method based on Zoeppritz equation |
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